纳米技术和纳米高分子复合材料

介绍了纳米粒子的特性、制备方法及其用于聚合物纳米复合材料的研究开发现状 ,重点讨论和比较了化学气相沉积法 ,液相化学合成法、固体法及聚合物法等制备方法的优缺点 ,并展望了纳米材料的发展前景     

生物源材料绿色制备金纳米粒子的研究进展

传统合成金纳米粒子(AuNPs)的方法主要分为物理法和化学法.物理法合成效率低且合成的AuNPs的分散性差,使其在生物医学领域的应用大大受限;而化学法能耗大、运行成本高,使用会对人体健康和生态系统造成危害的化学试剂.为克服以上缺点,实现AuNPs合成的可持续路线,绿色化学合成法已成为该领域的研究热点.简要总结了AuNPs绿色合成技术的优点,重点介绍了近年来以植物源材料、藻类、真菌及其产物、细菌及其产物等天然试剂为原材料的AuNPs绿色合成的研究进展,剖析了AuNPs绿色制备方法未来将面临的挑战,并对该方法的应用前景进行了展望.     

Laminin Receptor-Avid Nanotherapeutic EGCg-AuNPs as a Potential Alternative Therapeutic Approach to Prevent Restenosis

In our efforts to develop new approaches to treat and prevent human vascular diseases, we report herein our results on the proliferation and migration of human smooth muscles cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) using epigallocatechin-3-gallate conjugated gold nanoparticles (EGCg-AuNPs) as possible alternatives to drug coated stents. Detailed in vitro stability studies of EGCg-AuNPs in various biological fluids, affinity and selectivity towards SMCs and ECs have been investigated. The EGCg-AuNPs showed selective inhibitory efficacy toward the migration of SMCs. However, the endothelial cells remained unaffected under similar experimental conditions. The cellular internalization studies have indicated that EGCg-AuNPs internalize into the SMCs and ECs within short periods of time through laminin receptor mediated endocytosis mode. Favorable toxicity profiles and selective affinity toward SMCs and ECs suggest that EGCg-AuNPs may provide attractive alternatives to drug coated stents and therefore offer new therapeutic approaches in treating cardiovascular diseases.     

多种类型液滴蒸发综述

液滴蒸发过程是伴随着复杂变化但又没有统一且充分认知的的过程,是目前一个重要的研究热点,在许多科学应用中起到关键作用。本文介绍了液滴蒸发的历史研究过程,综述了3种不同类型液滴,即纯液滴、二元混合溶液液滴和聚合物溶液液滴蒸发过程的研究成果,分析了液滴蒸发过程中和蒸发结束后沉积物的影响因素,简述了液滴的研究成果在实际生活中的应用。现有研究表明,不同类型液滴的蒸发过程受到多种因素的影响,比如溶液中的纳米粒子、环境温度和压力等。这些因素还会影响到沉积物的图案和大小。目前,研究人员已经研究出典型的液滴蒸发过程（接触线固定和接触角固定模式）,讨论出液滴蒸发基本理论。对一些常见的二元及多元溶液,研究人员已经发现它们与纯溶液蒸发过程的不同之处,并且已经在科学界进行了大量的研究及讨论,建立出数学模型。最后重点介绍了液滴蒸发在医学领域的研究成果、应用和未来发展的方向,比如通过生物液滴蒸发后的沉积物的纳米层,跟正常沉积物对比结果来检测疾病等。最后对液滴蒸发理论的现状、潜力和未来发展需求进行了总结和展望。     

Synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae‐Shewanella oneidensis consortium enables glucose‐fed high‐performance microbial fuel cell

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were green and sustainable bio‐electrochemical reactors for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity harvest from organic wastes. However, exoelectrogens, such as Shewanella and Geobacter being widely studied in MFCs, could only use a limited spectrum of carbon sources. To expand the carbon source range being used in MFCs, we herein rationally designed a glucose‐fed fungus‐bacteria microbial consortium including a fermenter (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in which the ethanol pathway was knocked out and the lactic acid biosynthesis pathway from Bovin was introduced into S. cerevisiae, and an exoelectrogen (Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1). We optimized the co‐culturing conditions of the microbial consortium to achieve an optimal coordination between carbon source metabolism of the fermenter and extracellular electron transfer of the exoelectrogen, such that lactate, the metabolic product of glucose by the recombinant S. cerevisiae, was continuously supplied to S. oneidensis in a constant level until glucose exhaustion. This metabolic coordination between the fermenter and the exoelectrogen enabled bioelectricity production in a glucose‐fed MFC. Furthermore, a porin protein encoded by oprF gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was incorporated into the outer membrane of S. oneidensis to enhance membrane permeability and its hydrophobicity, which in turn facilitated its biofilm formation and power generation. The glucose‐fed MFC inoculated with the recombinant S. cerevisiae‐recombinant S. oneidensis generated a maximum power density of 123.4 mW/m², significantly higher than that of recombinant S. cerevisiae‐wild‐type S. oneidensis (71.5 mW/m²). Our design strategy of synthetic microbial consortia was highly scalable to empower the possibility of a wide range of carbon sources being used in MFCs, e.g., xylose, cellulosic biomass, and recalcitrant wastes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1830–1838, 2017     

Safe Nanoparticles: Are We There Yet?

The field of nanotechnology has grown over the last two decades and made the transition from the benchtop to applied technologies. Nanoscale-sized particles, or nanoparticles, have emerged as promising tools with broad applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, cosmetics and several other biological and non-biological areas. These advances lead to questions about nanoparticle safety. Despite considerable efforts to understand the toxicity and safety of these nanoparticles, many of these questions are not yet fully answered. Nevertheless, these efforts have identified several approaches to minimize and prevent nanoparticle toxicity to promote safer nanotechnology. This review summarizes our current knowledge on nanoparticles, their toxic effects, their interactions with mammalian cells and finally current approaches to minimizing their toxicity.     

Nanoscale zerovalent iron-Sargassum swartzii biocomposites for the removal of malachite green from an aqueous solution

A novel nanoscale zerovalent iron-Sargassum swartzii (nZVI-SS) biocomposite was tested for its ability to remove malachite green from aqueous solutions. Batch equilibrium tests at different pH conditions showed that at pH 10, a maximum removal of 142.85 mg/g was observed according to Langmuir model. Involvement of various functional groups of the biosorbent in preferential biosorption of cationic dye was observed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Morphological changes occurring on the biocomposite materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, temperature and kinetic profiles during the biosorption process were also reported.