响应面法优化麦麸蛋白质和膳食纤维的提取工艺

研究麦麸中蛋白质、水不溶膳食纤维、水溶膳食纤维等功能成分的提取工艺。以麦麸为原料,采用醇碱提取-盐析的方法同时提取麦麸蛋白和水溶性膳食纤维,利用α-淀粉酶去除淀粉提取水不溶性膳食纤维。在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面分析法优化提取工艺参数。结果表明,麦麸功能成分的最佳提取工艺参数为酶添加量270U/g、酶反应温度56℃、酶反应料液比1:12(g/mL)、醇碱比1:4、反应温度51℃、硫酸铵饱和度33%,在此条件下得到麦麸蛋白质的得率为5.23%,水不溶性膳食纤维提取率为88.76%,水溶性膳食纤维提取率为3.08%。该数学模型对优化麦麸蛋白和水不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺可行。     

小麦麸皮蛋白质的提取

研究了小麦麸皮蛋白质提取的碱液浸提法、盐液浸提法。碱液浸提小麦麸皮蛋白质提取率为 5 3% ;盐液浸提小麦麸皮蛋白质提取率为 18 4 %。将在盐液浸提最优组合条件下浸提所得到的残渣 ,用碱液提取 ,条件为碱液浸提法的最优组合 ,盐碱两步法小麦麸皮蛋白质提取率为 4 0 4 %。     

生物酶法提取麦麸膳食纤维的研究

探讨了生物酶法提取麦麸中的膳食纤维的提取工艺.研究得出酶法提取的最佳工艺组合为:混合酶制剂用量为0.3%,α-淀粉酶与糖化酶用量的比值为l:1,混合酶的酶解时间为30min,蛋白酶制剂的用量为0.5%,蛋白酶的酶解时间为30min,此时提取的膳食纤维得率为:72%.     

麦麸膳食纤维的研制

采用生物酶法从麦麸中提取膳食纤维,通过水洗去除麦麸中的部分淀粉和蛋白质,在pH5.5、55℃条件下利用内源植酸酶去除麦麸中的植酸,水解同时加入中温α-淀粉酶与蛋白酶(Alcalase2.4L)来去除麦麸中淀粉与蛋白质。通过响应面优化麦麸膳食纤维制备工艺,得出最佳制备工艺条件为:pH7.0,蛋白酶添加量1.8%(4.32 AU/100 g麦麸),中温α-淀粉酶添加量1.72%(3 440 U/100 g麦麸),反应温度68℃,反应时间2.5 h。     

Potential of Selected Tropical Fruit Peels as Dietary Fiber in Functional Foods

The peels of rambutan, durian, santol, longan, longong, Kaeo mango, and Chok Anan mango were evaluated for their potential to be used as dietary fiber for food enrichment. All dietary fiber samples prepared from selected fruit peels showed high content of total dietary fiber (52–84 g/100 g dry matter) and also exhibited the significant difference in dietary fiber quality. All dietary fiber samples were safe for consumption, which was ensured by the results of an acute toxicity test. In summary, peels of tropical fruits used in this study had a great potential to be used as low-caloric functional ingredients for dietary fiber enrichment.     

Autolysis of Squid Mantle Muscle Protein as Affected by Storage Conditions and Inhibitors

Autolysis of squid mantle muscle was investigated under various conditions using muscle homogenate as a model system. Cleavage of myosin into heavy and light meromyosin was prominent during autolysis. Storage conditions such as NaCl concentration and temperature affected not only the rate of autolysis but also the products formed. Conditions for maximal autolysis were: NaCl concentration 0.3M, pH 7 and temperature 40°C. Autolysis was well inhibited by ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid and Na-pyrophosphate at <25°C and by phenyhnethylsulfonyl fluoride and chymotrypsin inhibitor extracted from potato tuber at >35°C suggesting two different types of proteinases were involved.     

挤压改性麦麸膳食纤维对饺子皮品质的影响

分析挤压改性麦麸膳食纤维对饺子皮品质的影响。饺子皮由挤压改性麦麸和饺子专用粉组成的混合粉制成,挤压改性麦麸含量为混合粉的0,1%,3%,5%;通过测试饺子皮的质构特性、蒸煮特性和感官评价,分析挤压改性麦麸对饺子皮品质的影响。结果表明,挤压改性麦麸含量的增加,提高了饺子皮质构特性中的硬度、胶黏性及咀嚼性,降低了蒸煮特性中蒸煮损失率,提高了饺子皮的吸水率;挤压改性麦麸虽可以改善饺子皮的口感,但会影响饺子皮的外观。研究表明当挤压改性麦麸含量为5%时,饺子皮具有良好的综合品质。此研究可为挤压改性麦麸膳食纤维在饺子皮中的应用提供参考。     

Freeze-cracking in Foods as Affected by Physical Properties

Severe mechanical damage such as cracks can occur in foods during cryogenic freezing. Ten physical properties of 22 different materials were correlated with freeze-cracking incidence. Statistical analyses revealed that several properties correlated significantly with freeze-cracking. This implies that freeze-cracking depends not only on moisture content but on combinations of several properties. A set of equations based on densities and porosities was developed to predict freeze-cracking incidence with an accuracy of 98% in noncracking products and 70% in cracking products during cryogenic freezing. In addition, susceptibility of various food commodities to freeze-cracking was determined.     

发酵法制备小麦麸皮膳食纤维

通过微生物发酵降解、转化和利用小麦麸皮中的纤维素、蛋白质和淀粉等,可以制备高品质膳食纤维(DF)。以可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)作为主要考察指标,分别采用米根霉、黑曲霉及里氏木霉发酵小麦麸皮制备DF,考察单一菌种及混菌发酵后麸皮DF主要组分的变化,并对混菌发酵条件进行正交试验设计优化研究。结果表明：混菌发酵效果优于单一菌种发酵效果;当发酵条件为料液比1:10、里氏木霉和黑曲霉(1:1)混菌接种量10%、发酵温度32℃时,SDF含量达到了11.74%,提高了86.94%,所得产品持水力及溶胀性分别为9.34g/g和12.46mL/g,符合高品质膳食纤维指标要求。     

麦麸膳食纤维添加对面包和馒头品质影响

将麦麸膳食纤维添加于面粉中制作面包和馒头,通过感官评价来研究麦麸膳食纤维添加量对面包和馒头品质的影响.实验结果表明,在面包或馒头中添加5%麦麸膳食纤维较适宜,不会明显降低面包和馒头的感官性状和内部品质,而且口感细腻.无麸皮干涩味,感官评分最高.     

Effect of Acid Treatment on the Saccharification of Wheat Bran Cellulose

[Objective] The aim was to improve the saccharification of wheat bran cellulose. [Method] Taking the wheat bran as raw materials, and using orthogonal method, t...     

小麦麸皮蛋白质的提取与应用

采用碱法将麸皮中蛋白质提取出来，测定麸皮蛋白的乳化性、乳化稳定性、持水性等功能特性，将其应用于乳化型碎肉制品中，获得与添加大豆分离蛋白相似的出品率和品质。以水解度（ＤＨ）１％～６％的酶法改性，使麸皮蛋白的持水性有较大的提高，但却使其乳化性下降，在碎肉制品的应用效果不佳。     

小麦麸皮膳食纤维挤压加工工艺研究

以小麦麸皮膳食纤维为原料,采用双螺杆挤压机对其进行挤压加工,以提高小麦麸皮膳食纤维中可溶性膳食纤维的含量。研究了挤压温度、物料含水量和螺杆转速对原料中可溶性膳食纤维含量的影响,研究结果表明:麸皮含水量20%,挤压温度170℃,主机转速185 r/min时,麸皮原料中可溶性膳食纤维含量由3.22%提高到10.14%。通过高效液相色谱、扫描电镜检测及持水力与膨胀力试验显示,加压处理可以有效地增加可溶性膳食纤维的含量,以及改变麸皮的表面结构。     

麦麸膳食纤维对面团特性及中式面条品质的影响

利用粉质仪和拉伸仪测定麦麸膳食纤维小麦粉的粉质特性与拉伸特性,结果表明:麦麸膳食纤维的添加使面团的吸水率增大,形成时间与稳定时间显著延长、弱化度下降,粉质特性得到显著改善;面团的抗拉伸阻力和拉力比数增大,而拉伸能量和延伸性变小,对面团的拉伸特性具有正反两方面的作用.按传统工艺技术制备了不同麦麸膳食纤维添加量的中式面条样品,并根据行业标准进行了感官指标的评价,结果表明麦麸膳食纤维添加量不超过5%时的面条,其感官品质指标与空白样面条接近,可以为市场所接受.     

Nutritional Quality of Rabbit Meat as Affected by Cooking Procedure and Dietary Vitamin E

ABSTRACT: The effect of two dietary treatments (50 as opposed to 200 mg kg^-1 of α-tocopheryl acetate) on rabbit meat, cooked by different procedures (boiling, frying, roasting), was evaluated. Cooking caused an increase of pH, shear force, lightness, hue and chroma, and a decrease of water holding capacity. The change in nutritional value was slight but lipid oxidation was increased and the fat quality worsened. Boiled meat had the lowest nutrient retention and the highest TBARS values. Supplemental vitamin E was effective in reducing oxidative processes and increasing the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids also during cooking.     

米糠和麦麸膳食纤维的制备研究

探讨了米糠半纤维素和麦麸膳食纤维的提取工艺。结果表明 :( 1 )料液比 1∶1 0 ,6 0℃浸提 3h ,米糠水溶性半纤维素提取率 1 38% ;( 2 )料液比 1∶1 0 ,0 5mol/L的NaOH 2 5℃浸提 3h ,米糠碱溶性半纤维素提取率 8 86 % ;( 3) 0 6 %的NaOH ,α 淀粉酶加入量 0 4% ,70℃浸提 1 5h ,麦麸膳食纤维提取率达 6 6 2 7%。     

纤维素酶法制备高品质麦麸膳食纤维条件的研究

以麦麸为原料,对纤维素酶法制备高品质膳食纤维的条件进行了实验研究.在对影响酶解的因素进行单因素实验的基础上设计进行了正交实验,得到纤维素酶制备高品质膳食纤维的最佳实验条件为:料液比1:10、酶用量20 U/g、pH 5.0、温度40℃、时间4 h,在此条件下所得的水溶性膳食纤维得率为12.47%,不溶性膳食纤维得率为38.15%,其比值为1:3.06.     

小麦麸皮的品质改良及含麸皮面包焙烤品质的研究

本研究采用微波辐照联合复合酶法对小麦麸皮进行改良,将改良后的小麦麸皮添加至高筋粉中得到不同小麦麸皮含量的含麸皮面粉并制作含麸皮面包。结果表明:改良后小麦麸皮中脂肪酶残余酶活和脂肪氧化酶残余酶活降低至0和10.34%、粗纤维含量降低至3.21%、还原糖含量上升至3.79 g/100 g。与改良前的全麦面包相比,改良后的全麦面包组织结构得以改善、全麦面包储藏7d后吸热焓值降低了14.70%、全麦面包中酮基、羰基、醛基含量增多。改良后的全麦面包比容增加了26.40%、硬度降低了32.90%、弹性增大了6.90%。随着改良麸皮添加量的增加,含麸皮面包组织结构变得粗糙多孔,含麸皮面包吸热焓值逐渐降低,酮基、羰基、醛基含量增多,含麸皮面包芯亮度逐渐变暗、比容逐渐降低、硬度逐渐增加、弹性逐渐减小、感官品质降低。与未稳定化麸皮含量16%的全麦面包相比,稳定化全麦面包的稳定性、贮藏性和质构得到明显提高。     

微波辅助酶法制备麦麸膳食纤维工艺条件的研究

本文以小麦麦麸为原料,探讨了麦麸膳食纤维的提取工艺及脱色的影响因素。在单因素试验的基础上经正交试验得出提取麦麸膳食纤维的最佳工艺组合,即：微波强度中挡、微波时间110s、混合酶添加量0．5％（a-淀粉酶：蛋白酶=1：2）、酶解温度65℃,酶解时间45min,麦麸膳食纤维得率为69．23％。同时探讨了麦麸膳食纤维的脱色工艺,既：H2O2的质量分数5％、脱色时间60h、脱色温度30℃、料液比1：8。经脱色后得到的麦麸膳食纤维,色泽为淡黄色的粉末状,粒度均匀,无特殊气味,是理想的膳食纤维。     

麦麸膳食纤维提取条件的优化

本实验以麦麸为原料,采用酶-化学结合法制备膳食纤维,通过正交实验得出其最佳提取条件：α-淀粉酶用量为2.33%,酶解时间20min,碱浓度1mol/L,处理时间45min, 此条件下制备的膳食纤维得率为30.42%,纯度可达86%以上,其中可溶性膳食纤维含量为23.28%。