固液分离设备在工业级甘氨酸生产中的应用

利用氯乙酸法生产工业级甘氨酸时,固液分离设备在对甘氨酸和氯化铵的醇析混合液进行分离过程中发挥着巨大的作用。本文主要论述了不同类型固液分离设备的结构、工作原理及其在工业级甘氨酸生产中具有的优缺点,以及甘氨酸行业固液分离设备的发展趋势。     

固液分离的应用和发展概况

本文概述了固液分离在主要工业领域应用的情况。简要评述了我国固液分离设备的制造业现状和国内外固液分离技术研究与发展的概况。根据当今工业发展的特点，作者对液固分离技术的今后发展趋势作了简要说明。     

老挝钾肥生产中固液分离设备的选择

固液分离是钾肥生产过程中的关键单元操作步骤,固液分离设备分离效率直接决定了钾肥生产效率。对钾盐矿加工固液分离设备特性进行探讨,找到适合钾肥生产固液分离过程的工艺参数,从而优化目前的钾肥工艺流程,降低分离设备的投资,提高分离效果,最终达到降低生产成本,减轻操作人员劳动强度,提高经济效益的目的。     

膜萃取在含铀废水处理中的应用研究进展

铀水冶和精制过程中会产生大量的低浓度含铀废水,对环境造成了严重污染。本研究对膜萃取技术处理含铀废水进行了综述,主要归纳了液膜、中空纤维膜、聚合物包容膜这3种膜在膜萃取处理含铀废水中的具体应用情况,简要说明了膜萃取技术在含铀废水处理中所具有的优点和应用潜力。同时对膜萃取技术的应用特点、机理进行了分析,并对膜萃取技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

木质素基离子变换树脂在放射性核素分离上的应用

离子交换是铀及其他放射性核素水冶过程中从浸出液实现浓缩分离的重要工艺之一,离子交换树脂是此过程应用的最主要材料.探讨并展望了木质素基离子交换树脂作为新型放射性核素吸附材料在核工业水冶系统中的应用前景,指出其将成为木质素高值化利用的一个新领域.     

用于湿法冶金的全自动比色分析器

<正> 在有色金属、稀有金属和铀钍等放射性元素的湿法冶金中,需要控制工艺流程中浸出液、萃原液、淋洗液以及废弃液中的微量金属。在现场及时地对样品进行分析,对控制工艺过程和提高金属的提取效率有十分重要的意义。例如,将铀矿石的碳酸盐浸出液循环地通过离子交换树脂床,能更有效地从溶液中分离铀。一旦离子交换树脂床流出液中铀的浓度低于几个ppm时,再进一步循环也不能改善铀的回收,显然,能在现场对铀样品进行自动分析是十分有意义的。近年来国内外十分重视全自动比色分析器的研制和应用,以下以铀的水冶工艺为例,对1978年以来报导的全自动比色分析器的概况作一简要介绍。     

浅析离子交换树脂中毒现象及解决对策

离子交换法是铀水冶生产中最经济最有意义的提取方法之一。离子交换法又称树脂吸附法,它是溶液中的某种离子与固体离子交换剂的可交换离子之间的化学置换过程。在铀水冶工艺中,利用这种置换反应,可将浸出液中的铀提取出来,从而使铀与许多杂质分开。离子交换树脂中毒现象时有发生,处理不好,将严重影响铀的提炼,解决好树脂中毒,是铀水冶生产工艺中不可缺少的环节。     

水力旋流器在细砂洗涤分级过程中的应用

简要介绍水力旋流器在某铀水冶厂细砂洗涤分级工序中的应用现状,从理论上浅析该铀水冶厂细砂洗涤分级工艺中目前存在的技术问题,结合实际生产提出改进意见和措施,从而满足生产需要,提高工效,降低水力旋流器底流液相铀金属含量,实现达标排放,提高铀金属回收率和资源利用率,降低生产成本。     

钻井液分离液的重复使用

随着《新环保法》的出台,钻井液分离和重复使用成为钻井完井和后续施工新的难题,现有的处理完井液工艺为在完井液中加入聚铝和G321高效絮凝剂通过固控设备清除固相,从而实现固液分离,但如何环保无害化处理分离液成为制约钻井发展的难题,本文确定了现场分离液的应用配方,实现安全钻井。     

白水过滤器的技改

近年来固液分离设备在结构形式、分离效率、自动化水平、产品质量和可靠性方面发展迅速,在制药业,造纸业,塑料橡胶业应用越来越广。固液分离设备的浆体中的固形物颗粒粒度都很细.要求滤液的高澄清度和滤渣的低含湿量,以减少干燥和进一步处理的工作量、降低固液分离成本,同时工业废水以及含高VOC气体的料浆又有严格的环保要求,使固液分离设备技术面临新的挑战。本文从初期引进设备到后续的推广出发,总结出使用心得和实际效益分析,进行了较大的技改可给同业提供帮助或参考。     

Grenzflächeneffekte bei der Fest/Flüssig-Trennung

Interfacial effects in solid-liquid separations. In this survey the nature and origin of interfacial effects in finely dispersed suspensions are explained. Their influence upon conventional process steps in solid-liquid separation is discussed. Examples of technical applications of electrokinetic effects in separation processes are reviewed. The state-of-the-art in solid-liquid separation is characterized by qualitative knowledge about the effects of interfacial phenomena and empirically based electrokinetic separation processes. Knowledge is still insufficient for quantitative calculation of real processes or proper design of technical equipment. The field between interfacial physics, physical chemistry of surfaces and chemical or process engineering is interesting and far-reaching. If the preceding step of particle generation by precipitation or crystallization is included in a comprehensive research program, a better understanding and a systematic use or prediction of electrokinetic interfacial phenomena in solid-liquid systems can be expected.     

Improved U/Pu Separation in Pulsed Columns by Optimized Pulsation Conditions and Use of Two Consecutive Extraction Columns

Abstract

The separation of plutonium from uranium in the PUREX process was investigated in a pulsed column facility. The separation efficiency can be improved by optimization of the pulse conditions.

A further essential improvement was achieved by use of two consecutive electroreduction pulse columns. With this equipment excellent decontamination factors for Pu up to 500000 were measured and so the specification of the final uranium product was met in only one step. The required separation of the uranium from the plutonium product was achieved by a scrub part integrated in the first electroreduction column.     

浅谈食品级磷酸脱砷后处理装置的设计

以５０００ｔ／ａ食品级磷酸生产装置为例，分析其脱砷后物料的特性及固液分离的技术难点，对食品级磷酸脱砷后的过滤、脱硫工段工艺流程设计、设备选型等方面作了详细介绍。     

纯碱法生产氟化钠的分离方法

纯碱法生产氟化钠晶体的生产工艺具有原料易得,工艺流程短,投资少,上马快,不产生"三废",对设备的腐蚀小等特点,但是产物氟化钠和二氧化硅会发生共沉淀现象,实现氟化钠晶体和二氧化硅的分离难度很大,这就影响了该工艺的推广。介绍了纯碱法生产氟化钠中所采用的氟化钠与二氧化硅的主要分离方法,包括特制固液分离装置法、硅胶新型分离器法、双锥分离器法及两步沉降法,同时指出各种分离方法的优点及存在的问题,最后,提出了改善各种分离过程存在问题的个人建议。     

HTG型陶瓷真空过滤机在磷矿浆脱水中的应用

介绍了HTG型陶瓷过滤机的工作原理、工艺流程,以及在磷矿浆脱水应用中存在的问题及改进措施。生产运行证明陶瓷过滤机真空度高,滤饼含水率低,产量高,是一种适用于湿磨磷矿粉的高效、环保节能的固液分离设备。     

复杂选冶重金属废水处理技术的研究进展

随着矿产资源的消耗迅速增长,选矿冶金产生大量复合重金属废水污染,已成为全球关注的热点问题。本文对近些年来处理选冶复杂废水技术进行综述,对沉淀法、吸附法、电絮凝法、离子交换法、膜过滤法以及生物法处理等处理技术的优点和缺点进行评价。     

Novel processes for cell recovery technology developments

This paper emphasises the new technical and economic processing demands presented by cell recovery processes, and the new incentives to innovate within the commercial biotechnological environment. In general, solid-liquid separation technology has been a slow developer, and there has been little incentive to innovate. There are exceptions, such as the solid-liquid handling/separation techniques developed in the nuclear industry, where the demanding process requirements, and to some extent economics, have dictated the need to innovate. In this paper such techniques as electrocoagulation, electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis, magnetism, ultrasonics and novel micro-flotation are reviewed and their potentials assessed. This is done with special reference to the future implications of developing fermentation practice such as immobilised cell technology, separative fermentation; to application during novel broth conditioning regimes such as effects of ultrasound on flocculation; and to applications to standard separation equipment such as electrofiltration. The importance of a surface chemistry approach to the development of this technology is stressed.     

高效固液分离设备的设计和试验

简介一种新型高效固液分离设备的构造、原理、设计、特点,探讨了设备试验过程中的现象,提出了设备的工艺设计参数。     

Separation of Uranium Isotopes by the Chemical Exchange Method

Abstract

The basic chemical process and technology for producing 3-5% enriched uranium has been established, through advances which allowed increases in the electron-exchange and adsorption-desorption reaction rates, effective uranium adsorption band formation and maintenance, reduction of the mobile-phase dispersion, and reduction in the height of the separation unit, which is largely determined by the diffusion coefficient, the electron exchange reaction rate of uranium ions, and the non-uniform flow pattern in the adsorption band. Physical theory and experimental results show the attainment of a specific separation power of approximately 500 SWU/m³·yr for the process, and the possibility of an enrichment cost of $41/SWU in its commercial-scale application as calculated with depreciation terms of 15 years for equipment and 45 years for buildings and interest payments at 8% on investment capital. Inherent advantages of the process, in addition to low enrichment cost, are simple, stable operation and facilitation of the nuclear fuel cycle, with efficient separation of uranium-235 from the other uranium isotopes of spent nuclear fuel and elimination of the need for UF₆ conversion.     

立式压滤机的特点及其在铀矿冶中的应用设想

立式压滤机是固液分离领域的重要设备之一,其主要特点是自动化程度高,滤布再生能力强,应用领域广。列举了立式压滤机的应用情况,并通过对立式压滤机与卧式压滤机的比较,提出了立式压滤机应用于大型铀矿山的设想,从而实现减少设备占地面积、降低滤渣含水率、提高自动化程度、降低劳动强度等卧式压滤机无法实现的效果。