Reconstructing Bronzeville: Racial Nostalgia and Neighborhood Redevelopment

Much of the existing work on heritage tourism emphasizes downtown or citywide tourism development. Yet, an increasing number of African American neighborhoods are using racial heritage tourism to revitalize their long neglected inner‐city neighborhoods. This article examines the use of heritage in black neighborhoods and analyzes its use as a political resource. The development of heritage tourism encourages black communities to construct notions of authentic racial community, which they draw upon to legitimize both the processes of, and their role in, neighborhood redevelopment.     

The Neighborhood Diversity Index: A Complementary Measure of Racial Residential Settlement

This article proposes another research approach available to researchers for studying racial and ethnic integration. The measure, called the Neighborhood Diversity (ND) index, allows researchers to include multiple racial and ethnic categories while adhering to a comparable understanding of integration. The value of the ND index is illustrated through an examination of residential settlement by race in Chicago neighborhoods in 1980 and 1990. Despite the limitations of the measure, the ND index provides an important tool for measuring and categorizing increasingly multiethnic and multiracial populations, and for broadening our understanding of neighborhood integration and transition.     

The Effect of Racial and Ethnic Composition on Neighborhood Economic Change: A Multilevel and Longitudinal Look

This article examines the relationship between racial/ethnic composition and neighborhood economic change in a multilevel and longitudinal framework. I employ multilevel modeling to examine how neighborhood minority composition is associated with change in neighborhood relative economic status from 1970 to 2010 in the largest 100 metropolitan areas of the USA. In the multilevel framework, the empirical analysis shows that the shares of black and Hispanic residents are consistently negatively related to neighborhood economic gain even when metropolitan-level factors are taken into account. This study also finds that the negative effect of neighborhood minority composition on neighborhood economic gain is differentiated by deindustrialization and minority composition at the metropolitan level. In the longitudinal framework, the findings show that the negative effect of neighborhood minority composition on neighborhood economic gain has declined over time.     

凤凰古城民居的多民族元素特征初探

该文从实地考察、资料调研和图像分析入手,探究凤凰古城的多民族元素特征和古城民居的艺术构建,深入了解地域文化的多元化发展。指出凤凰古城是一个以苗族、土家族文化为主体,多种文化融会互通的人文山城。     

浅析传统民居中的邻里空间体系

邻里空间作为传统民居的生活空间,是联系居民生活空间与城市生活空间的结构性空间体系     

汉口“星分”研究之二：泰兴星与同兴里

该文简要介绍了汉口近代里分泰兴里与同兴里的概况和历史。采用比较研究的方法，将两个里分从规划布局，建筑形态等角度进行对比分析，指出泰兴里与同兴里不同的房地产开发模式对现代地产开发模式的借鉴作用。     

The Neighborhood Interest in a City's Recovery

This article examines the proposition that city neighborhoods can fare better under policies that promote a city's recovery than they can when recovery is not an objective, and that the greatest benefit may be expected in neighborhoods that have severely lost residents and commercial services. Depleted neighborhoods are the natural arena for a recovery undertaking.

Lest readers suppose that this article is something which it is not, it should be said at the outset that an undertaking to achieve a city's recovery—at least in the rigorous definition used here—is not known to me. In the absence of an example that can be appraised, support for the proposition must be sought in an analysis of circumstances and potential policies that would make a recovery undertaking practical.

The potential policies depend upon a set of related ideas which could benefit from further development and refinement (to which it is hoped interested readers will contribute) and above all from tests in particular neighborhoods in several cities.

Foremost among these ideas is that of recovery itself. Others which will be elaborated in due course are compatible redevelopment of depleted neighborhoods, the changing nature of cities as expressed in changes in hospitality to different kinds of employment, and finally strategic planning as an alternative at neighborhood and city levels to both comprehensive planning, on the one hand, and single-purpose planning, on the other. Although precision is not possible, depleted neighborhoods, as referred to here, will be distinguished from other kinds.     

新加坡邻里中心模式研究

邻里中心是一种体现以人为本,注重社区交往的住区公共服务设施的规划模式。在新加坡的新市镇建设中广为运用,是其顺利开展并得以成功的重要因素。我国苏州工业园区的规划设计借鉴了新加坡经验,并结合我国国情进行了有益探索。本文探讨了邻里中心的概念,详细分析了新加坡邻里中心的规划模式并介绍其在我国苏州工业园区的实践经验,最后归纳总结了邻里中心规划思想的借鉴意义。     

New Urbanism's Role in Inner-city Neighborhood Revitalization

The new urbanism has become an increasingly popular development strategy for outlying greenfield sites. Recently, the Congress for the New Urbanism, the formal arm of the movement, began emphasizing urban infill and revitalization. This paper explores the public sector's application of the new urbanism through planning and regulatory tools intended to foster inner-city revitalization. Specifically, it examines a local variation of the new urbanism and its implementation within a broader framework of neighborhood revitalization that seeks to balance economic development, smart growth and equity goals to realize the ideal of the just city. Assessing over 12 years of experience in Orlando, Florida, this study demonstrates the difficulty of fully implementing the new urbanism in such projects, particularly in lower-income neighborhoods, and inherent conflicts when design solutions, economic development and housing goals are not mutually supportive.     

Neighborhood sociodemographics and change in built infrastructure

While increasing evidence suggests an association between physical infrastructure in neighborhoods and health outcomes, relatively little research examines how neighborhoods change physically over time and how these physical improvements are spatially distributed across populations. This paper describes the change over 25 years (1985–2010) in bicycle lanes, off-road trails, bus transit service and parks, and spatial clusters of changes in these domains relative to neighborhood sociodemographics in four US cities that are diverse in terms of geography, size, and population. Across all four cities we identified increases in bicycle lanes, off-road trails, and bus transit service, with spatial clustering in these changes that related to neighborhood sociodemographics. Overall, we found evidence of positive changes in physical infrastructure commonly identified as supportive of physical activity. However, the patterning of infrastructure change by sociodemographic change encourages attention to the equity in infrastructure improvements across neighborhoods.     

居住区规划中的声环境优化方法研究

就居住区规划阶段的声环境设计目标来说,我国与发达国家差距较大,甚至没有完善的规范体系;就设计方法来说,我国很少有设计师在规划阶段主动考虑声环境设计。设计师应将声环境设计融入居住区规划设计中,运用设置声屏障、进行声学调研、通过计算机模拟等3种方法优化声环境。     

近代本土建筑师庄俊在汉设计作品研究——汉口里分之金城里与大陆坊

全城里和大陆坊作为银行职员的高级公寓住所而被引进到汉,是汉口仅存的两处公寓式里分,且都出自中国建筑界泰斗庄俊先生之手.与以往其他类型的里分住宅相比,公寓式里分无论从立面处理到户型平面功能的组织都更具现代城市性的特征.     

物理情景教学法在摩擦力教学中的应用

通过具体的物理情景引导学生探究摩擦力的种类、作用效果、与物体运动方向的关系,加深学生对摩擦力的理解,总结摩擦力的特点。     

重庆人民村邻里空间再生之策略

随着"五个重庆"的提出,重庆把在2012年前建设成为西部地区最宜居的城市之一作为具体目标,全面推进居住区综合整治。在此大背景下,邻里空间再生作为关键一环不但影响邻里交往环境,同时也是创建宜居重庆的重要途径之一。本文通过实地调研、发放问卷等方法对重庆市人民村片区内部邻里交往状况进行研究,探讨现有旧住宅区的邻里交往特点,并针对其交往环境的改造提出建议。     

新加坡邻里中心及其在我国的借鉴意义

作者以追溯邻里中心规划思想的来源入手,介绍了新加坡住区和邻里中心规划结构,探讨了新加坡邻里中心的规划思想及其在我国借鉴应用的意义和条件,并简要介绍了中新苏州工业园区借鉴新加坡经验建设邻里中心的经验。     

社区理念在居住小区规划中的运用——以北川新县城红旗安置区规划为例

作为北川新县城建设首批启动的项目之一,红旗安置区具有一定的特殊性和示范性.其规划在选址、布局、设计三个层次上借鉴了社区理念,充分尊重居住人群的社会特征和居住需求;采用小地块、街坊式社区结构;建设开放、高效的网络道路,塑造慢行交通系统;采用可持续的社区管理模式;塑造连续的商业性街道,提升街道活力.     

基于场所感与归属感营造的住区规划设计探讨——以南宁某住区为例

在大型住区的开发建设中,营造出空间的场所感和居住环境的归属感才能有效促进高质量的社区环境氛围的形成.南宁某住区的规划设计以贯穿整体、特色鲜明的公共空间体系营造社区的场所感,以尺度宜人.层次多变的围合院落构筑家园的归属感,为居住者提供丰富、美好的生活场景.     

Gender and Racial Bias in Design Juries

This study assesses the participation and interaction of various participants in the design jury process, that is, male and female jurors, male and female students, and racial minority students. Several consistently biased practices and procedures in design juries are identified and statistically examined. The findings presented here have been distilled from one portion of an ongoing comprehensive investigation of the inner workings and educational efficacy of design juries in architectural education. Initial portions of the overall research program were conducted by Mark Frederickson and Marvin Adelson at the University of California, Los Angeles. Investigation of studio education and review processes continues under Frederickson's guidance at the University of Arizona.     

布地奈德雾化对早产儿支气管肺发育不良的效果及对炎症因子的影响

目的:探究布地奈德雾化对早产儿支气管肺发育不良的效果及对炎症因子的影响。方法:选取本院收治的支气管发育不良早产儿28例。按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各14例。对照组采取常规综合治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采取布地奈德雾化治疗。比较两组治疗效果、呼吸机撤离时间、氧疗时间、肺部CT好转时间,比较两组治疗前后的炎症因子水平(IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α)。结果:研究组总有效率为92.9%,高于对照组的57.1%(P<0.05);研究组呼吸机撤离时间、氧疗时间、肺部CT好转时间均低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组IL-6、TNF-α、IL-8水平均低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:使用布地奈德雾化治疗早产儿支气管肺发育不良,明显缩短了早产儿的呼吸机撤离、氧疗时间和肺部胸部CT好转时间,且治疗效果显著;此外,布地奈德还能够改变早产儿体内的炎症因子,对治疗具有积极意义,值得推广和应用。     

Built for Change: Neighborhood Architecture in San Francisco

Abstract

In an increasingly globalized world, national governments appropriate vernacular building traditions to support national identity-building political agendas. In England the neo-traditional house has become an established feature of suburban architecture. This is not, however, as is often assumed, indicative of the nostalgia of the consumer. Rather, neo-traditionalism is the result of planning policies introduced by the government to preserve regional architectural identities and maintain a visual “Englishness” in the built environment. These policies have, in turn, been undermined by the nationwide standardization of “traditional” designs by national house-building companies.