CAPACITY TO LEAD: THE FUTURE OF URBAN MANAGEMENT

The issues and problems facing local governments over the next 20 years are complex. Understanding and solving these problems will require specialized roles and skills not common among urban management today. Managers of the future must have the capacity to broker, negotiated, and lead unobtrusively. To achieve this, administrators and elected officials should engage in joint training and problem solving, support groups should be developed and nurtured, and techniques for rigorous and thorough recruitment of managers should be utilized.     

SCALES,REGIMES, AND THE URBAN GOVERNANCE OF GLASGOW

ABSTRACT: Over the last two decades, urban regime theory has become one of the most dominant paradigms of thought in urban studies. In particular, regime theory offers a complex account of urban governance, or how local governments, the business communities, and community organizations gain the capacity to shape the policies that affect cities, that is, govern. Although regime theory is a dominant theory in urban studies, it does, nevertheless, have its share of detractors, and one criticism has been its failure to take into account geographical scale. While there is an acknowledgment in urban regime theory of wider economic processes, such as the broad transformations in international and national trade, investment, finance, etc., or the role played by federal or state governments, the bias has remained mostly local, particularly in regards to urban governance. In urban regime theory literature the policies and actions of international and national institutions either nicely conjoin with local interests or are nearly totally absent. Due to this oversight, urban regime theory tends to underemphasize how the capacity to govern a city effectively is sometimes the result of the interaction of actions of people at multiple scales. This article attempts to address this oversight in an analysis of Glasgow, Scotland, during the 1980s. By focusing on the role of the European City of Culture in the revitalization of the city, this article demonstrates how the capacity for a ruling coalition to transform the city and to govern effectively was the consequence of the policy and administrative actions undertaken at other geographical scales.     

URBAN REGIMES AND HUMAN CAPITAL POLICIES: A Study of Baltimore

ABSTRACT: Most of the research in urban affairs has centered on urban development and the politics of growth. This study shifts focus and examines how human capital development came to hold a prominent place on the local agenda in Baltimore. Urban regime theory has made a significant contribution to our understanding of the politics of physical redevelopment. This study applies regime analysis to examine the politics of human capital development.     

NEIGHBORHOOD APPROACHES TO URBAN CAPACITY BUILDING

The authors argue that the solution of urban problems requires resources and powers far beyond those available to most local governments. Only through partnerships of all relevant actors—public officials, businessmen and neighborhood residents—can such issues be dealt with. Yet, partnerships are neither simple nor inevitable. They require hard work and usually the development of the capacities of all involved. Such capacity building for partnerships is on three levels: the development of the individual capacity to play partnership roles; the creation of interactive partnerships operating as local problem solvers; and the fostering of inter-partnership networks. Neighborhoods are seen as the building blocks of cities, serving as a locality of scale upon which the citizen can base his concerns and actions and within which partnerships can operate effectively. Specific recommendations are made, utilizing this policy context to build capacity for partnerships at the neighborhood level, particularly with regard to the Intergovernmental Personnel Act.     

URBAN REGIMES AND RACIAL POLITICS IN NEW ORLEANS

ABSTRACT: This paper describes and analyzes the nature of the New Orleans urban regime focusing on the first term of Sidney Barthelemy, the second black mayor of New Orleans (1986–1990). First, because the authors believe that regime theory needs to be more carefully theorized in relation to racial politics, they begin by discussing the changing relationship of blacks to the prevailing New Orleans regime. Second, in analyzing this racial politics, they focus on the relationship between the evolving structure of the electoral coalition, governing coalition development strategies, and the stability of the governing regime. They conclude that a caretaker regime is very difficult to maintain in a city with a recent majority black electorate. Such an electoral coalition has a tendency to support either a progressive or corporate regime. Finally, the authors pay particular attention to the development of the consensus-seeking para-apparatus, its relationship to racial politics, and its affect on development policy, governing coalition politics, and regime transition.     

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND URBAN CAPACITY BUILDING: REPRESENTATION AND CONFLICT

The paper focuses on two major urban capacities to which citizen participation policies are expected to contribute—the capacity to represent diverse interests and the capacity to sustain conflict. The comparative strengths and weaknesses of two different citizen participation structures are considered—single-purpose, appointed advisory boards and multiple-purpose, elected neighborhood councils. Drawing from both the literature and original data from Wichita's innovative citizen participation approach, the paper suggests ways in which each participatory form contributes to urban representation and the avoidance of rancorous conflict.     

城市竞争——影响城市发展和规划的双刃剑

随着市场经济的发展 ,城市竞争的出现和日益明显 ,对城市的发展和规划产生了双重作用 ,它既可以促进城市政府在城市发展中的能动性 ,也可能造成地方主义和区域发展失衡与混乱。针对城市竞争对城市发展和规划产生的影响和作用 ,提出了城市规划适应城市良性竞争的思路和途径。     

URBAN REGIMES AND NEIGHBORHOOD MOBILIZATION AGAINST URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: The Case of an Arab-Jewish Neighborhood in Israel

ABSTRACT: This study deals with the effects of an urban bureaucratic regime on urban development and neighborhood mobilization. It examines the sociospatial transformations in an Arab-Jewish neighborhood in a major city in Israel. During the period of 1948–1990, the neighborhood experienced population turnover, planned deterioration and decline, and subsequent renewal and gentrification. The paper deals with the factors which shaped those policies and processes. the author argues that the political economy of Israel contributed to the emergence of a bureaucratic urban regime which effectively drove off all private entrepreneurial involvement in the area's development process. It is also shown that the inherent features of the bureaucratic regime facilitated community mobilization opposing development plans and made the governing agencies vulnerable to citizens' protests and court rulings.     

BLACK CLERGY AND URBAN REGIMES: The Role of Atlanta's Concerned Black Clergy

ABSTRACT: This study examines the involvement of black ministers in urban regimes through a case study of Atlanta's Concerned Black Clergy organization. In the early years of black political leadership, the black clergy were promoters of racial solidarity, oftentimes against the interests of low income residents. With black political leadership secure, the clery emerged as frequent critics of development policies during Andrew Young's years as mayor. More recently, the Concerned Black Clergy have become active regime participants helping to influence policy decisions on behalf of the city's poorer citizens. Through their organizational efforts, the Concerned Black Clergy have become part of the process of regime change in the city.     

城市特征新论

城市本身是一个辩证的对立统一体,以往对城市系统单个特征的认识或强调是片面的,需要从对立统一规律的角度来重新审视城市特征.笔者认为,城市的特征主要有:集聚与扩散作用的共存性及交替主导性、溢出效应与乘数效应的互动性、公共性与经营性的兼容性、多样化与两极分化的并存性、线性关系向非线性关系的递进性等.     

城市环境中的设施与居民的心理和行为

人对环境具有本能的感觉和认知能力,不同环境给予社会群体(指具有一定的文化层次、道德修养、风俗习惯和生活水准等的社会各阶层)的心理感受和行为诱导也各有所异。在当前倡导和谐社会的形势下,构筑良好的城市环境设施,对提高居民的生活环境质量,培养他们健康积极的心理和行为,具有重要的作用和意义。     

媒质中的城市空间——一种新的城市空间研究方法及其在历史街区改造中的应用

本文为作者申请博士学位论文纲要。全文由“基础理论研究”和若干个系列研究组成。基础理论研究部分提出在城市历史街区改造的前期研究中,以小说、绘画、摄影和电影为毁质的研究工具可以作为数据、地图、认知地图等传统研究工具的补充,用来帮助研究者认识空产物过程和空间生产驱动力,为城市设计提供依据。系列研究－针对绘画表现城市空间的特点,采用诠释学的认知方法,通过对处于现代化初期的巴黎、纽约两个城市空间的案例分析,论证了绘画工具在城市研究中的作用不容忽视。     

计划型城市到经营型城市的公共空间生产研究

公共空间生产的转型是个未被充分探讨的重要话题。结合马克思主义学者关于城市空间生产的观点,探讨我国从计划型城市到经营型城市的公共空间生产转型。结合公共空间生产转型过程中的生产循环分析,认为效率与公平兼顾的原则以及公共空间生产的外部性纠正是公共空间生产转型的重要措施。     

发展中国家城市管治研究及其对我国的启发

城市管治是当今国际城市研究的重点课题 ,中国相关的研究刚刚开始。中国属于发展中国家 ,同西方发达国家城市发展相比 ,城市管治可借鉴的东西不多。中国的城市发展有三个独特的平台 :(1)社会主义的市场经济体系 ;(2 ) 5 0 0 0年的中国文化 (集权、儒学、薄弱的公民社会 )传统 ;(3)长期且强有力的城市行政等级体系。主要探索发展中国家城市管治研究内容 ,尤其注重南亚、西非、东非、南非和拉丁美洲城市管治的最新发展 ,以便我国城市管治研究的进一步深入和有效化     

城市公共交通与城市形态的互动关系研究——对无锡城市规划的启示

在公共交通与城市形态之间存在着一种互相促进、互相制约的机制。本文剖析了城市形态三个基本要素对公共交通的影响,诠释了公共交通系统对城市形态形成的作用。结合无锡的实际情况,对无锡的交通发展模式、城市结构以及现有规划中的一些问题进行了分析和探讨。     

北美GIS在城乡管理中应用经验及国内潜力分析

介绍了北美GIS在城乡管理中应用的成熟经验① 。分析了目前国内在应用GIS辅助城乡管理中存在的主要问题 ,提出了以下三项措施建议 :进行统一的城乡管理GIS应用规划和采用一致的标准 ;建立功能共享的GIS ,提高系统和信息资源的利用效率 ;建设和完善城乡管理需要的各种数据库及相应的数字地图。     

城市治理演进与城市更新响应——深圳的先行试验

以改革开放40年深圳城市经济社会发展进程为背景,通过回顾城市发展各阶段城市经济社会演化状况、空间需求与治理对策之间动态关系的变迁过程,在治理语境下对深圳城市更新实践过程中探索、成型与发展的整体逻辑进行诠释,归纳概括了深圳城市更新制度、政策与规划技术对城市治理需求的响应机制。面向建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区目标,深圳城市更新需要进一步顺应治理重心下移的趋势,引导全社会形成共建美好城市家园的公共自觉,促进城市治理能力与治理体系现代化。     

互动城市模型——与原型化的21世纪城市相关的历史与遗产

本文全面考察城市化过程中最多产时期的大规模生产和标准化的理论与历史遗产,以及与全球化相关的文化议题。作为综合历史、当前现状及推测未来的学术写作,本文将集中探讨与计算、制造及城市的设计研究相关的主题。鉴于工业范式正从现代主义对于福特主义的大规模生产的依赖发生着转变,本文对今日新兴的非标准生产方式的背景进行探究,重点在于城市尺度上的设计影响。将文化围绕、置于以及对比技术进行理论化,文章通过对在日益全球化的世界中的地域主义与其他新传统主义定位的辩驳,试图解决晚期资本主义在身份表达上的难题。这些问题导致有关互动城市模型概念的出现,作为将智慧锲入城市设计的基础,并且通过现代的生产技术实现生产高度定制化。     

企业家城市:城市发展理论的内涵及其批判

对已经在国内引起广泛影响的企业家城市理论进行相对全面的解读,不仅包括其所内涵的城市间竞争、城市治理和地方行销等内容,还有基于伦理和绩效等方面的批判.认为在推介或应用该理论指导城市发展实践时,必须全面考量并慎重对待其不利方面.