无机粒子增强PTFE水润滑轴承材料的耐磨性研究

在低速重载条件下水润滑轴承通常会出现严重的摩擦磨损。为增强轴承材料的耐磨性能，采用冷压烧结法制备了碳化硅、氮化硼、氮化硅3种无机粒子填充改性的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)水润滑轴承材料，并对其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行测试和表征。结果表明，在PTFE基体中加入3种无机粒子均可以提高复合材料的硬度，无机粒子的加入提高了PTFE基体的承载力，在试验工况下PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数与磨损量均有不同程度的降低，其中填充5%质量分数碳化硅的PTFE水润滑轴承复合材料磨损量降低99.44%,表现出最佳的耐磨性。当前工作为PTFE材料在水润滑轴承材料的应用提供了数据支撑。     

填充PTFE摩擦磨损特性

填充 PTFE 是很好的耐磨材料。以玻璃纤维(GF)、碳纤维(CF)、石墨、二硫化钼、金属氧化物、青铜粉、PPS、聚酰亚胺等为填充剂的各种填充 PTFE 材料,导热性和硬度都比纯 PTFE高,耐磨性和 PV 值也有提高。因此广泛应用于超高层建筑和桥梁等支承、压缩机无油润滑活塞环及纺织、造纸,药品等机械的无油润滑、机床导轨等。     

纳米SiC及其与石墨、二硫化钼填充PTFE基复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

用摩擦磨损试验机对纳米碳化硅（SiC）及其与石墨、二硫化钼（MoS2）混合填充聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料在干摩擦条件下与45#钢对磨时摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,用洛氏硬度计对PTFE及其复合材料的硬度进行了测量,用扫描电子显微镜对PTFE复合材料磨损表面进行了观察。结果表明,纳米SiC的加入能提高PTFE复合材料的硬度和耐磨性,纳米SiC与MoS2混合填充会使PTFE复合材料的耐磨性提高更多,特别是在载荷增大时其耐磨效果更好。纳米SiC填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦因数比纯PTFE大,且随载荷增加有所减小, MoS2、石墨的加入可降低PTFE的摩擦因数。     

PEEK/ZA8复合材料的制备及力学与摩擦学性能研究

采用模压成型法制备了锌铝合金(ZA8)填充聚醚醚酮(PEEK)复合材料,研究了ZA8含量和固体添加剂石墨和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)对复合材料力学和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的力学性能随着ZA8含量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,冲击强度和拉伸强度在ZA8含量为10%(质量分数,下同)时最大,分别为16.21 kJ/m^2和111.59 MPa,与纯PEEK相比分别增加了10.3%和3.9%;复合材料的摩擦因数随ZA8含量的增加呈持续下降的趋势,在ZA8含量为40%时最低为0.275,与纯PEEK相比降低了38.6%;磨损量呈先减小后增大的趋势,在ZA8含量为10%时最低为7.2 mg,比纯PEEK减小了43.3%;石墨和PTFE的添加能有效减小PEEK/ZA8复合材料的磨损量,其中加入10%的PTFE(未添加石墨)所制得的复合材料的摩擦学性能最好,摩擦因数为0.22、磨损量为4.3 mg,与纯PEEK相比分别降低了50.9%和66.1%。     

聚四氟乙烯改性聚酮摩擦磨损性能的研究

研究了不同聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粉质量分数改性聚酮(PK)的力学性能及摩擦磨损性能,并分析了其在不同润滑条件下的摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:填充PTFE微粉后PK的拉伸强度、压缩强度和邵氏硬度下降;在干摩擦条件下,随着PTFE微粉质量分数的增加,PK复合材料的摩擦因数和磨痕宽度呈下降趋势,当PTFE微粉质量分数为6%时,转移膜最连续,磨痕宽度最低,磨损过程以黏着磨损为主;在油润滑条件下,润滑油和PTFE微粉协同作用,PK复合材料的摩擦因数和磨痕宽度均较干摩擦时明显下降。     

在干燥和油润滑条件下聚四氟乙烯填充制品中填料对摩擦性能影响

聚四氟乙烯（PTEE）中添加各种无机填料，含量为30（V）％（体积百分数）由它们做成的试条与AISI52100钢环对磨，分别在干燥在液体石蜡润滑下于MHK500型试验机上进行摩擦特性研究。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光学显微镜观察磨损表面和碎屑的形态。结果表明有无润滑条件及不同的填料品种对PTFE填充制品的摩擦特性有很大的影响。在干摩条件下PTFE的摩擦性能在很大程度上取决于转移膜的均匀性及其厚度，只有在转移膜有良好的均匀性和适当的厚度时PTPE才呈现出优良的摩擦性能。如果有液蜡润滑条件则比干摩时有更好的摩擦性能即它的摩擦系数将下降一个数量级，磨损速度降低1－3数量级。用SEM对磨损表面观察发现在液蜡润滑下疲劳开裂是由于液蜡为PTFE微裂缝所吸收和渗透之故。疲劳裂纹的产生和发展导致PTFE填充制品的疲劳磨损。因此在液蜡润滑下PTFE填充制品的摩擦性能主要取决于PTFE树脂与无机填料之间的相容程度，有良好相容性者就有优良的摩擦性能。     

聚四氟乙烯/纳米氮化钛复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用摩擦磨损试验机考察了填料含量及载荷对纳米氮化钛(TiN)填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌,探讨了磨损机理。结果表明,纳米TiN可以提高PTFE的硬度和耐磨性,当纳米TiN质量分数为7%时,PTFE纳米TiN复合材料的磨损量最小;随载荷的增大,PTFE/TiN复合材料的磨损量增加。PTFE纳米TiN复合材料的摩擦因数比纯PTFE小。     

酚醛树脂基复合材料摩擦性能研究

采用MPX-2000型销盘式摩擦磨损试验机评价了分别填充氧化铝、Cu粉、石墨、石墨与Cu粉复配的酚醛树脂基复合材料在载荷为100 N、转速为500 r∕min、室温干摩擦条件下的滑动摩擦磨损性能,并分析了磨损后的表面形貌。结果表明,与未填充相比,填充试样的平均摩擦系数和磨损量均有不同程度的降低,其中由石墨、石墨与Cu粉复配填充试样的磨损量显著降低,分别下降80.7%,84.8%。未填充试样磨损表面出现少量被拔出的磨屑纤维,未见明显润滑膜;而填充试样的磨损表面呈现出明显、均匀的润滑膜。填料改变了酚醛树脂基复合材料的磨损机理,增强了复合材料的抗极压承载和促进润滑膜形成能力,提高了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。     

聚四氟乙烯废料的回收工艺

e介绍了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)废料粉碎后作为填料填充PTFE的回收工艺,研究了PTFE废料粒径及各种填料质量比对PTFE性能的影响,并进行了用石墨和聚苯酯填充PTFE的性能的研究。结果表明：PTFE废料粒径以200目(76μm)为最佳,纯PTFE、铜粉、PTFE废料和二硫化钼的最佳质量比为100：60：30：2,制得的产品拉伸强度19MPa,断裂伸长率300％,满足应用要求;用石墨和聚苯酯填充PTFE时,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率较差,不能满足实际使用要求。     

聚四氟乙烯废料的回收工艺

介绍了聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）废料粉碎后作为填料填充PTFE的回收工艺，研究了PTFE废料粒径及各种填料质量比对PTFE性能的影响，并进行了用石墨和聚苯酯填充PTFE的性能的研究。结果表明：PTFE废料粒径以200目（76μm）为最佳，纯PTFE、铜粉、PTFE废料和二硫化钼的最佳质量比为100：60：30：2，制得的产品拉伸强度19MPa，断裂伸长率300％，满足应用要求；用石墨和聚苯酯填充PTFE时，材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率较差，不能满足实际使用要求。     

硅灰石与石墨对聚四氟乙烯摩擦磨损性能的影响

以针状的硅灰石和鳞片石墨为填料,采用冷压—烧结工艺制备了不同填料含量的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料,考察了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜对磨痕和转移膜进行了分析。结果表明,单独填充硅灰石和石墨时,PTFE的磨损率都会随填料含量的增加而降低,硅灰石的作用要强于石墨;但硅灰石会使PTFE的摩擦因数明显增大,而石墨会使PTFE的摩擦因数降低;2种填料提升PTFE耐磨性的作用机理不同,硅灰石在摩擦过程中会在滑动界面区域上逐渐堆积,起到优先承担载荷的作用;而石墨在摩擦过程中会发生片层的滑移与剥离,有助于转移膜的形成;适量的硅灰石（含量为20 %,质量分数,下同）与石墨（含量为5 %或10 %）复合填充能产生协同效应,使PTFE的磨损率进一步降低,耐磨性比未填充的PTFE提高200倍。     

Tribological behaviors of polytetrafluoroethylene composites under dry sliding and seawater lubrication

The composites of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled with expanded graphite (EG), poly(p‐oxybenzoyl) (POB), and basalt fiber (BF) were prepared by heating compression and sintering molding. The tribological behavior of PTFE composites was investigated with a pin‐on‐disk tester under dry conditions and seawater lubrication. The worn surface of PTFE composites and the transfer film on the counterface were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the incorporation of EG and POB improved the hardness of PTFE composites, and addition of BF led to greater load‐carrying capacity. Compared to pure PTFE, the coefficients of friction of PTFE composites slightly increased, but the wear rates were significantly reduced (the wear rate of composite with 3% EG being only 10.38% of pure PTFE). In addition, all the composites exhibited a lower coefficient of friction (decreases of about 0.03–0.07) but more serious wear under seawater lubrication than under dry sliding. The wear mechanism changed from serious abrasive wear of pure PTFE to slight adhesion wear of PTFE composites under both conditions. A transfer film was obviously found on the counterface in seawater, but it was not observed under dry conditions. Among all the materials tested, the PTFE‐based composite containing 20% POB (mass fraction), 2% EG, and 3% BF exhibited the best comprehensive performance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2523–2531, 2013     

不同介质中聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

分别在碱液、水、油和干摩擦条件下考察了碳纤维和玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。利用SEM观察了不同介质中磨损面和对摩面的形貌,并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明,不同介质中摩擦系数的大小关系是μ干>μ水或油>μ碱,磨损率是W水>W干>W碱或油。水、碱和油都不同程度地阻止了转移膜的形成。碱液和油具有很好的冷却与润滑作用,摩擦系数低,磨损小;然而水分子降低了填料和基体的界面粘接强度,造成犁削和磨粒磨损加重。     

Friction and wear characteristics of metal sulfides and graphite‐filled PTFE composites under dry and oil‐lubricated conditions

Five kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐based composites, pure PTFE, PTFE + 30(v)% MoS₂, PTFE + 30(v)% PbS, PTFE + 30(v)% CuS, and PTFE + 30(v)% graphite (GR) composites, were first prepared. Then the friction and wear properties of these PTFE composites, sliding against GCr15‐bearing steel under both dry and liquid paraffin‐lubricated conditions, were studied by using an MHK‐500 ring‐on‐block wear tester. Finally, the worn surfaces and the transfer films of the PTFE composites formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope, respectively. Experimental results show that filling with MoS₂, PbS, CuS, or graphite to PTFE can reduce the wear of the PTFE composites by two orders of magnitude compared to that of pure PTFE under dry friction conditions. However, the friction and wear‐reducing properties of these PTFE composites can be greatly improved by lubrication with liquid paraffin. Investigations of transfer films show that MoS₂, PbS, CuS, and graphite promote the transfer of the PTFE composites onto the surface of GCr15‐bearing steel under dry friction conditions, but the transfer of the PTFE composites onto the surface of GCr15‐bearing steel can be greatly reduced by lubrication with liquid paraffin. SEM examinations of worn surfaces show that with lubrication of liquid paraffin, the creation and development of the cracks occurred on the worn surfaces of the PTFE composites under load, which reduces the load‐supporting capacity of the PTFE composites. This would lead to the deterioration of the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites under higher loads (>600N). © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 751–761, 1999     

Effects of lubricating‐oil additives on the friction and wear properties of polymers and their composites sliding against steel under oil‐lubricated conditions

The effects of lubricating‐oil additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) on the friction and wear properties of polymers and their composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel were studied by using an MHK‐500 ring‐on‐block wear tester (Timken wear tester). Then the frictional surfaces of the friction pairs were examined by using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Experimental results show that the ZDDP contained in liquid paraffin has little effect on the friction coefficients of the polyimide (PI) or polyamide 66 (PA66) against GCr15 bearing steel friction pairs compared with that under the lubrication of liquid paraffin, but it slightly reduces the friction coefficients of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or its composites against GCr15 bearing steel friction pairs. Under lubrication of liquid paraffin containing 2 wt % ZDDP, the ZDDP film absorbed on the frictional surfaces of the PTFE composites–GCr15 bearing steel friction pairs exhibits obvious antiwear properties; it greatly reduces the wear of pure PTFE and the PTFE composites filled with Pb, PbO, and MoS₂; and the wear of the PTFE composites can be reduced by one order of magnitude compared with that under lubrication of pure liquid paraffin. Meanwhile, the inorganic fillers Pb, PbO, and MoS₂ contained in PTFE have little effect on the absorption of ZDDP to the frictional surfaces, so they have little effect on the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites–GCr15 bearing steel friction pairs under the lubrication of liquid paraffin containing 2 wt % ZDDP. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1240–1247, 2000     

混杂填料增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机对纳米SiC、MoS2和石墨填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料在干摩擦条件下与45#钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,探讨了MoS2、石墨及纳米SiC的协同效应。认为纳米SiC的加入大大提高了复合材料的承载能力,石墨、MoS2的加入减少PTFE复合材料的摩擦因数。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对PTFE复合材料的摩擦面进行了观察。结果表明:实验中5%nano-SiC和3%MoS2填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能最好,且在高载荷下的摩擦磨损性能尤为突出,具有一定的应用价值。     

SiC一石墨填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

在聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）中分别填充碳化硅（ＳｉＣ）,石墨及不同配比的ＳｉＣ－石墨混合物,制备了具有不同力学和摩擦学性能的ＰＴＦＥ基复合材料。探讨了填料组成对材料硬度及干摩擦条件下与不锈钢环对磨时摩擦磨损性能的影响,并研究了ＰＴＦＥ基复合材料的磨损表面和磨屑形貌。结果表明,填充适量的ＳｉＣ－石墨混合物既能增加ＰＴＦＥ的承载能力,又可保持良好的摩擦学性能;不同复合材料的磨损机理不同,磨损表面有磨屑形貌     

Friction and wear characteristics of copper and its compound-filled PTFE composites under oil-lubricated conditions

Four kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composites, such as pure PTFE, PTFE + 30(v)%Cu, PTFE + 30(v)%Cu₂O, and PTFE + 30(v)%CuS composite, were prepared. Then the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites filled with Cu, Cu₂O, or CuS sliding against GCr15-bearing steel under both dry and liquid paraffin-lubricated conditions were studied by using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. Finally, the worn surfaces and the transfer films of these PTFE composites formed on the surface of GCr15-bearing steel were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope, respectively. Experimental results show that the antiwear properties of these PTFE composites can be greatly improved by filling Cu, Cu₂O, or CuS to PTFE, and the wear of these PTFE composites can be decreased by two orders of magnitude compared to that of pure PTFE under dry friction conditions. Meanwhile, CuS increases the friction coefficient of the PTFE composite, but Cu and Cu₂O reduce the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites. However, the friction and wear properties of Cu, Cu₂O, or CuS-filled PTFE composites can be greatly improved by lubrication with liquid paraffin. The friction coefficients of these PTFE composites can be decreased by one order of magnitude compared to those under dry friction conditions, while the wear of these PTFE composites can be decreased by one to two orders of magnitude. The PTFE + 30(v)%Cu composite exhibits excellent friction and wear-reducing properties under higher loads in liquid paraffin-lubricated conditions, so the PTFE + 30(v)%Cu composite is much more suitable for application under oil-lubricated conditions in practice. Optical microscope investigation of transfer films shows that Cu, Cu₂O, and CuS enhance the adhesion of the transfer films to the surface of GCr15-bearing steel, so they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of the PTFE composites onto the surface of GCr15-bearing steel can be greatly reduced by lubrication with liquid paraffin, but the transfer still takes place. SEM examination of worn surfaces shows that the interaction between liquid paraffin and the PTFE composites, especially the absorption of liquid paraffin into the surface layers of the PTFE composites, creates some cracks on the worn surfaces of Cu₂O or CuS-filled PTFE composites, the creation and development of the cracks reduces the load-carrying capacity of the PTFE composites; this leads to the deterioration of the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites under higher loads in liquid paraffin lubrication. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 1455–1464, 1998     

玻璃纤维及石墨增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

用机械混合、冷压成型和烧结的方法制备了不同质量分数(5%~30%)的玻纤和石墨填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料制品。用M-2000型磨损试验机评价了不同样品在干摩擦下的磨损性能,揭示了填料玻纤和石墨对PTFE复合材料磨损性能的影响,并对磨损机理进行了探讨。用扫描电镜(SEM)对试样磨损形貌进行观察。结果表明:对玻纤进行改性能极大地提高PTFE复合材料的耐磨性能,同时可提高复合材料硬度;玻纤和石墨协同作用,对改善PTFE摩擦磨损性能有比较显著的效果;20%玻纤 10%石墨填充PTFE复合材料有着较好的摩擦磨损性能。     

聚苯硫醚复合材料摩擦性能的研究

考察了聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、纳米无机粒子及不同含量和粒度的石墨填充改性聚苯硫醚（PPS）复合材料的摩擦磨损性能、力学性能;并采用扫描电镜（SEM）观测了磨损表面及对摩面的微观结构。结果表明：石墨的添加有利于在对摩面上形成转移物,而且随着石墨含量的增加,材料的摩擦系数明显降低,但磨耗量却有所升高,而石墨的粒度变化对材料的摩擦性能没有太大的影响;当PTFE和石墨两种固体润滑剂同时加入时,材料的力学强度有所降低,但其摩擦系数及磨耗量都得到明显改善,材料以疲劳磨损为主：纳米无机粒子的加入会使材料的磨耗量有所增大,其磨损机理转变为磨粒磨损。