Properties of a new dental photocurable matrix resin with low shrinkage

In order to reduce the amount of volumetric shrinkage that occurs in dental composites as a result of curing,a new kind of dental matrix resin combining bisphenol-S-bis(3-meth acry late-2-hydroxy propyl)ether(BisS-GMA) with the expanding monomer unsaturated spiro orthoesters 2-methylene-1,4,6-trispiro[4,4] nonane (SOE) was prepared,with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as diluent.CQ (camphorquinone) of 1wt% and DMAEMA (2-(dimethylamino) ethyl meth acrylate) of 2wt% were used as photoinitiation system to initiate the copolymerization of the matrix resins.The performance including volumetric shrinkage,degree of conversion and condition of the ring-opening reaction of SOE,as well as curing time and the tensile bond strength were investigated respectively by the dilatometer,Fourier transfer infrared,the universal testing machine,and so on.The ring-opening polymerization of SOE occurred.Meanwhile,the obtain copolymers were crosslinked.The matrix resin containing BisS-GMA and SOE showed a reduced amount of volumetric shrinkage at 1.52%,which is a promising strategy for obtaining a polymer with a low amount of volumetric shrinkage.Furthermore,the other properties were not compromised.     

SiO2增强口腔复合树脂性能的研究

以双酚A-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（Bis—GMA）和二甲基丙烯酸三甘醇酯（TEGDMA）作为树脂基质,SiO2作为增强填料制备口腔复合树脂。研究SiO2的添加量对口腔复合树脂的收缩率、弯曲强度的影响。实验结果表明,口腔复合树脂的弯曲强度随着SiO2充填比例的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势;口腔复合树脂的聚合体积收缩率随着SiO2含量的增加呈现降低的趋势,当SiO2含量为70wt％时,聚合体积收缩率最低,达到2．4％。     

Influence of rare earth (Ce and La) addition on the performance of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloy

The influences of rare earth elements (cerium and lanthanum) on the microstructure and phases of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloys used for electromagnetic shielding wire were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties and electrical resistivity were also investigated. The results indicated that a certain content of rare earth could improve the purification of the aluminum molten, enhance the strength, and reduce the electrical resistivity of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloys. The strength reached the top value when RE content was 0.3 wt% while the alloy with 0.2 wt% RE addition had the smallest electrical resistivity. The elongation varied little when RE addition was no more than 0.2 wt%. But the excessive addition of rare earth would be harmful to the microstructure and properties of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloys.     

Microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties of Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu alloys

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu（x=0wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt% and 2.0wt%） alloys were studied by OM, Pandat software, XRD, SEM, DSC and a standard universal testing machine. The experimental results indicate that adding Cu to TAZ811 alloy leads to the formation of the AlMgCu and Cu3 Sn phases. Tensile tests indicate that yield strength increases fi rstly and then decreases with increasing Cu content. The alloy with the addition of 1.5wt% Cu exhibits optimal mechanical properties among the studied alloys. The improved mechanical properties can be ascribed to the second phase strengthening and fi ne-grain strengthening mechanisms resulting from the more dispersed second phases and smaller grain size, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength and elongation of TAZ811-2.0wt% Cu alloy at room temperature is ascribed to the formation of continuous AlMgCu and coarse Mg2 Sn phases in the liquid state.     

无卤阻燃低密度聚乙烯的增韧研究

目的为提高无卤阻燃材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度及阻燃性能.方法选用增容物三元乙丙橡胶接枝马来酸酐(EPDM-g-MAH)、乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)和乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE),加入到基体树脂中减少材料的力学性能损失;对原位反应增容方法进行改性,以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和马来酸酐(MAH)为单体制备原位增容阻燃材料.结果在增容物增韧条件下,增韧效果为POE>EPDM-g-MAH>POE-g-MAH;在原位增容反应中,当DCP用量为2.0 g、单体MMA为20 mL、MAH为25 g时原位反应制得材料的性能最佳:拉伸强度为15.74 MPa、断裂伸长率为134.81%、冲击强度为40.84 kJ/m2、垂直燃烧等级达到UL94V-0级.结论增容物的加入能显著提高材料的冲击性能;原位反应中引发剂和单体之间的比例对材料的力学和阻燃性能有一定的影响.     

Effect of ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> dopant on the sintering behavior and performance of mcmb-derived carbon laminations

Liquid ball-milling dispersant method was used to prepare the ZrO2-doped carbon laminations from mesocarbon microbeads(MCMBs). After sintering at 1 300 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, the effect of ZrO2 concentration on sintering behavior, electric conductivity as well as bending strength of the carbon laminations was investigated in detail. The results showed that the volumetric shrinkage rate of the carbon laminations decreased from 38.2% to 30.9% when the ZrO2 concentration in raw materials varied from 0 to 16...     

含氟聚芳酰胺的合成与性能

以3,5-二氨基三氟甲苯（DBTF）作为第三单体,间苯二胺（MPD）和间苯二甲酰氯（IPC）为原料,通过低温溶液反应合成了一系列新型含氟聚芳酰胺（PMIA—F）．研究反应条件对聚合反应的影响,得到聚合反应条件为初始聚合温度为-5℃、IPC过量2％。、单体浓度为1mol／L、反应时间为80min;合成的系列含氟聚芳酰胺的比浓对数黏度为0．81～1．43dL／g,并对其结构和力学性能进行表征．     

Effect of Epoxy Resin on Mechanical Properties of Metakaolin based Geopolymer and Microscopic Analysis

By using NaOH and Na_2SiO_3 as the activator,the mechanical properties and shrinkage of the geopolymer after incorporation of 0%,10%,20%,and 30% epoxy resin were investigated.The mechanism of epoxy resin toughening metakaolin based geopolymer was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.It was shown that with the increases of epoxy resin,the shrinkage performance was obviously improved and the flexural strength increased by 53.5%.The compressive strength of EGP10,EGP20,and EGP30 increased by 49.12%,57.04%,and 65.34% after curing for 28 days,respectively.There were five obvious vibration peaks of 811 cm~(-1),1 000 cm~(-1),1 050 cm~(-1),1 590cm~(-1),and 3 400 cm~(-1) in the geopolymer and the undisturbed metakaolin.More geopolymer gels were formed in the material and the microstructure was more compact.     

Effect of Microfibrillated Cellulose Loading on Physical Properties of Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Films

The starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) composite films were prepared using solution casting method after adding MFC into starch/PVA blend matrix.The effects of MFC content on the mechanical properties of starch/PVA composite films were investigated.As MFC content increases,the elongation at break and tensile strength increase firstly and then decrease.When the content of MFC is 2wt%,the tensile strength is 26.6 MPa and reaches the maximum.Through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),good dispersion of MFC in starch/PVA matrix at the loading of 2wt%,lower crystallinity of the starch/PVA/MFC films in comparison with starch/PVA blend and the effect of glass transition temperature increasing with MFC content from 0.5wt% to 4wt% can be found observed.And,incorporating MFC does not change the composition and crystal structure of the starch/PVA composite films.Thus,the reinforcing mechanism for the improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of MFC with large aspect ratio,good compatibility and interfacial interactions between starch/PVA blend matrix and MFC.     

Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced calcined kaolin-fly ash based geopolymer

To improve the environmental benefits and solve the problems of large shrinkage and high brittleness, the partial replacement of calcined kaolin by fly ash as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis and the influences of polypropylene (PP) fiber on the mechanical properties and volume stability were investigated. The results show that compressive strength of the geopolymer containing 33.3%(mass fraction) fly ash by steam curing at 80 °C for 6 d is improved by 35.5%. The 3-day compressive strength, flexural strength and impacting energy of geopolymers containing 0.05%PP fiber increase by 67.8%, 36.1% and 6.25%, while the shrinkage and modulus of compressibility decrease by 38.6% and 31.3%, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the appearances of crack growths confirm that PP fiber can offer a bridging effect over the harmful pores and defects and change the expanding ways of cracks, resulting in a great improvement of strength and toughness. Foundation item: Project(2006AA06Z225) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites(C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction.The microstructure,mechanical properties,tribological properties,and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated.The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt%C,37wt%SiC,and 5wt%Si.The density and open porosity are 2.0 g.cm~(-3) and 10%,respectively.The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties.The ...     

镍系催化丁二烯聚合动力学研究 Ⅱ聚合度与链转移

研究了(简称Ni—Al—B)体系催化丁二烯聚合时的链转移反应。得出只向单体(Bd)和硼化合物(B)链转移的结论。本体系所特有的聚合度方程可表示为链增长反应活化能为32.9KJ·mol~(-1)。     

Effect of coagulation temperature on structures and properties of poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) fibers during dry-jet wet-spinning process

The effect of coagulation temperature on the morphology, microstructures and mechanical properties of dihydroxy poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) fibers was investigated during dry-jet wet-spinning process, in which the coagulation bath concentration and drawn ratio were kept as 10 wt% of PPA in water and 1.7, respectively. The structures and mechanical properties of the as-spun DHPBO fibers were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and single fiber tensile testing. The results indicated that in PPA/H₂O coagulation system, when the coagulation temperature was 25°C, highly crystallized DHPBO as-spun fibers possessing fine crystallites, circular and smooth morphology, and excellent mechanical properties could be achieved. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50673017), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. B603) and the Program of Introducing Taleuts of Discipline to University of People’s Republic of China (“111” Program) (Grant No. 111-2-04)     

Porosity and pore size distribution measurement of cement/carbon nanofiber composites by 1H low field nuclear magnetic resonance

The dispersion effect of carbon nanofibers （CNFs） in aqueous solution and the mechanical properties, porosity, pore size distribution and microstructure of CNFs reinforced cement-based composites were investigated in this paper. To achieve effective dispersion of CNFs, a method utilizing ultrasonic processing and a commercially surfactant were employed. CNFs were incorporated to cementitious materials with the addition of 0.1 wt% and 0.2 wt% of cement with a water/cement ratio of 0.35. The mechanical properties of CNFs/ cement composites were analyzed, the porosity and pore size distribution were characterized by ^1H low field nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results indicate that the optimum concentration ratio of MC to CNFs is 2：1 for dispersing in aqueous solution. Moreover, in the field of mechanical properties, CNFs can improve the flexural strength and compressive strength. The increased mechanical properties and the decreased porosity of the matrices correspond to the increasing CNFs content and CNFs act as bridges and networks across cracks and voids.     

Self-healing anti-icing coatings prepared from PDMS polyurea

With the help of double hydrogen bonds between urea groups, a self-healing anti-icing coating was prepared from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based polyurea (PDMSPU) that was synthesized from bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated PDMS and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate. Furthermore, by incorporating a lubricant of inert silicone oil and the cross-linking agent of 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (TAPOB), the anti-icing coatings exhibited elastic, slippery and durable properties. The wettability, ice shear strength, abrasion-resistance, mechanical and self-healing properties of the prepared anti-icing coatings were systematically investigated. Results showed that the ice shear strength of the PDMSPU anti-icing coating with 150 wt% silicone oil was 7.9±2.9 kPa, significantly lower than that of pristine PDMSPU (74.7±7.2 kPa). The additional introduction of 2 wt% TAPOB could effectively counteract the adverse effect of the lubricant so that the tensile strength (∼1 MPa) of the coating could be comparable to pristine PDMSPU (855±96 kPa). The PDMSPU coating containing 150 wt% silicone oil and 2 wt% TAPOB could maintain the ice shear strength below 50 kPa against 10 icing/deicing cycles and at 12.0±3.3 kPa after 5000 abrasion cycles, and exhibit self-healing properties after treating at 60°C for 10 or 15 h. The slippery self-healing PDMSPU anti-icing coatings could be suitable for anti-icing surfaces in low temperature environments.

     

碱（Na_2O）对道路水泥的煅烧及性能的影响

道路水泥具有较好的耐磨、抗干缩、抗硫酸盐侵蚀和早期强度较高等性能，是一种优越的多功能胶凝材料。本文应用化学分析方法、力学强度测试、干缩率及耐磨性测试等手段，研究了碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ）对道路水泥的煅烧及性能的影响。试验表明：适量的碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ）可以明显改善道路水泥的易烧性，较大幅度地降低煅烧温度，并能提高早期强度和减小干缩率，但对后期强度和耐磨性有不利影响。     

硅灰石的改性及HDPE/硅灰石复合材料的研究

用硅烷偶联剂改性硅灰石,填充HDPE制备HDPE/硅灰石复合材料.从红外光谱、拉伸强度、冲击强度等方面对其性能进行了表征.结果表明:硅灰石经硅烷偶联剂改性能降低其表面能,提高其疏水性,用量为硅灰石质量1.3%～2%为宜;改性硅灰石填充HDPE能提高复合材料的弯曲强度和抗冲击强度,但降低了复合材料的拉伸强度,填充量以30%为宜.     

玄武岩纤维掺量对泡沫混凝土性能的影响

利用普通硅酸盐水泥、发泡剂及玄武岩纤维制备泡沫混凝土,研究不同掺量的玄武岩纤维对泡沫混凝土的物理性能、力学性能、线性收缩和导热系数的影响以及玄武岩纤维与泡沫混凝土的界面结合情况。研究结果表明：加入玄武岩纤维的掺量为1.2 kg/m^3时,泡沫混凝土的28 d抗压抗折强度分别比空白样提高了7.75%,9.56%。随着纤维掺量的变化,纤维对泡沫混凝土的线性收缩有一定的抑制作用,能够降低导热系数。纤维与泡沫混凝土的界面结合存在缝隙。     

碳纤维上电聚合噻吩对复合材料性能的影响

为了改善碳纤维与树脂基体之间的界面性能,以噻吩为单体,采用循环伏安法对碳纤维进行电化学聚合改性.利用扫描电子显微镜研究了电化学聚合改性前后碳纤维的表面结构变化,采用电脑伺服控制材料试验机测试了碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,当噻吩浓度为0.4 mol/L时,峰值电流增加幅度最大,电聚合效果最佳.当循环次数达到60次时,碳纤维表面电化学聚合反应完全,碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度可由13.46 MPa增加到23.79 MPa,提高约76.75%.电化学聚合后大量片层状聚噻吩聚合物在碳纤维表面聚集,碳纤维与环氧树脂基体紧密结合,界面性能明显提高.     

纳米TiC对Si3N4基复合陶瓷材料性能和微观结构的影响

用热压法制备了纳米TiC增韧补强的Si₃N₄基复合陶瓷材料,研究了不同TiC含量对复合陶瓷材料力学性能与微观结构的影响.结果表明：纳米TiC颗粒的添加对复合材料的力学性能的提高是有利的,当纳米TiC的质量分数为15%时,复合材料具备较优的力学性能,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性、HV硬度分别达到895MPa,8.03MPa.m1/2,15.06GPa;不同尺寸的Si₃N₄晶粒形成双峰结构,有利于复合材料性能的提高;其断裂机制为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的混合类型.