中低纬调制高频加热电离层ELF／VLF辐射模拟

从基本的电子能量方程出发,改进了幅度调制HF电波加热低电离层模型.计算了低电离层电子温度和电导率随加热时间的变化,以及不同高度上加热产生ELF/VLF Hall电流大小.根据实际的电离层参数,在一定加热条件下,计算了北京、上海、昆明和海口所产生ELF/VLF Hall总电偶极矩大小.结果表明:利用幅度调制HF电波加热中低纬度地区低电离层,可以有效形成ELF/VLF电波辐射源.     

电离层中ELF辐射源向下传播衰减理论分析

利用大功率高频（HF）电波调制加热电离层可在电离层中有效形成辐射源,并用于辐射ELF电磁波.本文基于磁流体力学的基本方程通过对电离层中极低频（ELF）辐射源的辐射场分析,获得ELF电磁波在电离层中传播的色散关系式,建立电离层中的ELF辐射源向下传播衰减模型.并依据建立的传播衰减模型,分析不同纬度地区传播衰减的差异,以及传输频率和背景电离层参数对传播衰减的影响.     

大功率高频无线电波加热电离层

利用大功率高频无线电波加热低电离层和高电离层的理论模型,选择不同的加热发射机参数,计算了电离层电子温度和电子密度的变化,模型计算结果与一些实验结果有着很好的一致性.在此基础上,具体讨论了不同的背景大气和背景电离层参数对加热效果的影响,最后简单地分析了对人工加热电离层的可能应用.     

电离层背景状态对大功率短波加热电离层效应的影响

从电离层加热实验出发,模拟研究了低纬地区(Arecibo)和高纬地区(Troms?)加热效应.首先验证了该文计算的正确性,在此基础上研究了背景电离层电子密度梯度和泵波频率 HFf 与临界频率0F2f 比值对电离层加热效应的影响,结果表明:电子密度梯度越小,加热效果越强;过密加热时,加热效果随泵波频率与临界频率的比值增大而增强,但同时受电波反射高度影响,该比值较低时可能也会存在一个使加热效果增强的取值范围.最后分析了在不利的电离层背景状态下如何有效选择加热参数,以获得较为理想的加热效果.     

基于全波法的甚低频波对低电离层扰动分析

通过全波解反射系数和波模振幅递归算法,文中分析了平面波在水平电离层分层结构中的能流分布规律,结合电离层化学反应模型对电离层参量的扰动情况进行仿真,并与其他文献中使用的方法相比. 全波计算方法考虑到了各层反射、透射波相互叠加的情况,仿真结果对比发现,用全波法得到的能流吸收和电子温度扰动幅度更大. 不同入射波参数、地磁场参数、电离层背景参量下的扰动情况对比发现:改变电波入射角会使电离层中电波的反射吸收高度发生变化;改变方位角和地磁倾角仅影响电离层能流吸收幅度,不会对电波反射高度造成影响;改变中性成分的浓度和温度会影响电离层的能量损失和化学反应过程.     

电离层加热实验中反射高度下降特征的数值模拟

向电离层中注入大功率电磁波可引发地基非相干散射雷达观测的离子线和等离子体线回波功率增强现象.2010年秋季,在挪威开展了极区电离层离子线与等离子体线增强特征激发实验.实验中首次得到了VHF雷达观测的长生命周期的增强特征, 该现象系由参量衰变不稳定性引起的.另外,增强现象所处高度随加热的进行呈下降趋势,针对该特征文章给出了可能的物理机制,即该现象系由泵波促使反射高度附近的电子扩散效应增强引起的.文章利用修正的IRI和MSISE模型参数对加热实验中的反射高度阶跃性下降特征进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,加热电波引起的电子扩散效应可以使得反射高度下降,并且下降的高度与实验结果吻合较好,验证了该物理机制的可能性.     

基于AFAS的通信链路设计

基于大功率HF无线电波加热电离层过程中产生的不均匀体有沿场散射特性,建立了散射通信链路模型.通过选取边界点的方法对散射体作近似处理.考虑到电波在电离层中的折射,采用射线追踪技术模拟通信信号在电离层中的传播路径,并用试射法确定初始方向角.以加热站点位于武汉为例,数值模拟得到了通信链路的散射接收范围.其结果表明在我国进行人工沿场散射(AFAS)通信具有很好的优势.     

离子对SLF／ELF电磁波在电离层中传播的影响

在SLF/ELF频段,离子的磁回旋频率接近甚至高于电波频率,其对电波传播的影响不能忽略.深入分析了SLF/ELF电磁波在电离层中传播时,离子对折射指数、极化因子等参数的影响.研究结果表明:在离地高度大于200 km的高电离层,由于电子与离子的碰撞频率远小于磁回旋频率和电波的频率,离子对电波传播的影响很大.在离地高度70 km左右的低电离层,电子与离子的碰撞频率远大于磁回旋频率,离子对电波传播的影响就可忽略.因此,就SLF/ELF对电离层的反射而言,可不计离子的作用;但对于透射传播,应该考虑离子的作用.     

极区电离层加热能量吸收率的非相干散射测量

基于稳态电子能量和动量方程,结合2009年8月电离层加热实验中非相干散射雷达实测的电子密度、电子温度和离子温度对反射高度附近的电波能量吸收率进行了估算。根据计算结果,可得到显著的电波能量吸收率的空间分布结构,能量吸收基本呈近高斯分布,但结构在横向和纵向上并不沿能量吸收中心对称。0.6MHz附近,电波能量吸收率随频差变化的曲线存在锐边界,临界状态下时(两组加热机制的交界)才会取得最佳的加热效果,这对电波能量吸收率经验和半经验模型的建立有重要意义。     

加热电离层区域对高频波特性的影响研究

利用二维磁化电离层欧姆加热数值模型和离散电离层背景下的射线追踪模型,对穿过高频加热电离层区域的超视距雷达(OTHR)诊断电波的波特性(主要是doppler频移和相位偏移)进行定量的分析,得到了在加热开机2 min内的诊断电波doppler频移和相位偏移的模拟结果.并结合国外相近参数的试验结果进行对比分析,给出了初步结论.     

电磁波在任意磁偏角等离子体中的传播

本文将电流密度卷积时域有限差分（Current Density Convolution Finite Difference Time Domain,JEC-FDTD）方法扩展到求解任意磁偏角电磁波在磁化等离子体中的传播和共振吸收问题.首先,验证数值算法正确性,分析了法拉第旋转角效应,以及任意磁偏角电磁波在等离子体中的传播特性.然后,求解电磁波在磁化等离子体中的等离子体朗缪尔共振、电子回旋共振、高频混杂共振吸收特性.结合在电离层加热中的应用,重点分析了等离子体高频混杂共振吸收特性,得到了高频混杂共振激发的频率匹配条件.数值结果表明,高频混杂共振吸收是电离层加热的有效方式,对于解释电离层加热机制具有重要意义.     

Ionospheric modification induced by high-power HF transmitters—A potential for extended range VHF-UHF communications and plasma physics research

When the ionized upper atmosphere of the earth is illuminated by high-power HF radio waves at appropriate frequencies, the temperature of electrons in the ionosphere can be raised substantially. In addition, radio waves with sufficient energy cause parametric instabilities that generate a spectrum of intense plasma waves. Observations of these phenomena have produced new understanding of plasma processes. One consequence of heating and plasma wave generation is that irregularities are formed in the electron distribution which are aligned with the earth's magnetic field. Because of this, a scatterer of large radar cross section is produced, which scatters HF through UHF communication signals over long distance paths, that would not otherwise be normally possible by ionospheric means. This paper summarizes results of radio, radar, communication, and photometric experiments that explored the characteristics of the volume of ionosphere which has been intentionally modified, temporarily, above facilities near Boulder (Platteville), Colo., and at Arecibo, Puerto Rico.     

高频电波加热电离层对波传播影响的研究

地基大功率高频电波加热电离层不仅会导致被加热区域等离子体参数的显著变化,同时会产生诸多空间效应,对通过被加热区域的电磁波产生影响.基于欧姆加热机制建立加热物理模型,研究高频电波加热电离层对波传播的作用,主要讨论在不同加热条件下,高频电波加热电离层对波相偏移的影响,通过数值模拟分析给出其定量关系,并利用EISCAT-TROMSO加热实验结果对数值模拟结果进行了验证比较.结果表明,诊断波的相位偏移和多普勒频移变化与加热条件、电离层变态状况存在关联.     

高集成度的高频多普勒探测系统的设计

地震、台风、磁暴等天气事件爆发时,引发的电离层扰动会对无线电波的传播环境造成影响,使空间传播的高频无线电信号产生多普勒频率偏移.针对此问题,提出了一种新型的高集成度的高频多普勒探测系统.通过研发的高集成度的高频多普勒接收机接收来源于电离层反射的高频无线电信号,经过信号处理电路的混频处理获得低中频信号,再通过数据采集卡采集信号并保存在PC机上,利用上位机软件对保存的数据进行实时处理,得到高频多普勒频移的变化曲线,从而研究电离层扰动特征.同时给出了电离层日出效应、偶发E层和行进式电离层扰动等探测实例.实际观测表明:该探测系统运行稳定可靠,可以用于电离层环境的长期监测.     

A semi empirical model for low latitude HF ionospheric propagationprediction

The ionospheric propagation of high frequency (HF) radio waves is strongly dependent on the varying structure of the ionosphere. It is therefore essential to look for an accurate and suitable physical model for the design and development of telecommunication links, especially broadcast links, which are affected by such variation. This enables the prediction of radio link performance with a satisfactory level of accuracy and reduced computation time. Existing models make extensive use of powerful computers to generate electron density profiles, whereas this model attempts the same on an 80486 based PC successfully. Though this affects the accuracy of the generated profiles, it is still acceptable for engineering applications. A physical model of the ionosphere is developed with empirical additions from rocket data. The associated propagation conditions are simulated and the results compared with practical data obtained from broadcast and amateur radio band usage. A high degree of correlation is obtained     

高频泵波加热电离层的数值模拟

基于高频泵波扰动电离层的欧姆加热理论,建立数值模型模拟加热过程中电子温度、电子密度和离子密度随时间的演化及泵波频率、发射功率对加热效果的影响.结果表明,地面以1.5MW的功率发射一个13MHz的电波,可以引起电子温度升高80%、电子密度升高16%的显著变化.电子温度和电子密度的变化分别在加热开始后几十秒和几分钟内达到饱和.泵波频率和发射功率大小显著影响最终的加热效果,但数值结果并没有体现它们之间具有线性关系.和EISCAT雷达1985年2月26日对一次加热实验观测结果(它的发射功率和本文选定的1.5MW一致)的比较表明,在180km以下区域,该文模型和上述实验观测结果具有很好的一致性;更高高度上模拟结果和实验结果的偏差是由于模拟过程中没有考虑F层异常吸收的作用.     

Steerable ELF/VLF radiation produced by an array of ionospheric dipoles generated from HF heating

A very low frequency (VLF) or extremely low frequency (ELF) dipole source has been created within the lower ionosphere by modulating the atmospheric dynamo currents with a ground-based high power HF source from the Arecibo Observatory. The authors and their colleagues have demonstrated that ELF or VLF generated in this way and injected into the earth-ionosphere waveguide could be received a few thousand kilometers away. The injection properties due to an array of ionospheric dipoles as a function of array geometry and element currents that will allow steerable ELF/VLF radiation within the earth-ionosphere waveguide are investigated theoretically. The ionospheric array factors for a linear and a planar array of Hertzian dipole sources are developed and their properties examined. The principle of pattern multiplication is then applied to include the effect of the ionospheric array element. This provides a means for predicting the field strengths at a remote receiving site due to a steerable linear or planar array of ionospheric sources generated by high power HF periodic plasma heating.     

Primary VLF/ELF currents produced by heating the lower ionospherein parts of China

A new iterative method is employed to calculate the primary ELF/VLF currents produced by heating the lower ionosphere with powerful modulated waves. The calculations are mainly for parts of China, as well as For Tromso, Norway for comparison. The results indicate that first, there are many similar characteristics for Beijing and Tromso, secondly the ELF/VLF currents in Haikou are much larger than those in Beijing and Tromso if the natural electric fields are equal     

Wave Polarization Effects on the Transmission and Reception of lonospheric Radio Waves

The effects of wave polarization on the transmission and reception of ionospheric radio waves have been discussed. Special attention was given to the effects of polarization on the excitation of characteristic waves in the ionosphere, on the absorption losses in the ionosphere, on the reception of arbitrarily polarized plane waves, and on the polarization coupling losses. In this work only one-hop paths were considered and it was assumed that the operating frequency is in the HF region so that ray theory treatment may be applied with high accuracy. The results of investigation have shown that wave polarization is an important and sometimes critical factor in the overall performance of ionospheric radio networks. It is believed that careful consideration of the wave polarization effects in the design of reliable and efficient communication and broadcasting networks can result in relatively lower transmitter power and in the reduction of the number of channels occupied by a particular station.