Linearly tapered meander line cross dipole circularly polarized antenna for UHF RFID tag applications

In this article, a circularly polarized antenna for ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. The circular polarization is realized by two orthogonal, unequal length linearly tapered meander line cross dipoles. The meander structure with capacitive tip loading is used for size miniaturization of the antenna. A modified T‐match network is employed to feed the cross dipole structure. The measured 10‐dB return loss bandwidth of the cross dipole antenna is 17 MHz (908‐923 MHz) and the corresponding 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth is 6 MHz (912‐918 MHz). The overall size of the proposed antenna is 0.17λ₀ × 0.17λ₀ at 915 MHz. The maximum read range between the reader and the tag with the proposed antenna is 4.7 m larger than the analogous linearly polarized tag antenna due to the reduction in polarization loss between the tag and reader antennas. Thus, a maximum read range of 15.66 m with the gain of 1.28 dBic is achieved at 915 MHz.     

Design of meander line inductors on printed circuit boards

A partial‐element circuit model for meander line inductors printed on circuit boards is proposed and its relation with the physical layout is derived. A procedure for the design is presented allowing to obtain inductances between 8 and 50 nH in the range from 30 to 1000 MHz with a 5% mean error. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 11: 219–230, 2001.     

A miniaturized circularly polarized implantable RFID antenna for biomedical applications

A miniaturized circularly polarized implantable antenna operating at ultrahigh frequency band (902‐928 MHz) for radio frequency identification biomedical monitoring is first presented and experimentally validated in this article. The proposed antenna features a compact volume with a dimension of π × (6)² × 1.27 mm³ by employing an extended ring with meandered lines for size reduction. Moreover, adjusting the length of symmetrical meandered lines can introduce two orthogonal modes, which makes for good performance of circular polarization. Superb impedance matching between the chip and tag antenna is well implemented by applying a modified T‐match stub. In the simulation, the antenna achieves a ?10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 42 MHz (902‐944 MHz) and 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth is 53 MHz (892‐945 MHz). Finally, the specific absorption rate is also calculated for human safety and the measured reading range reaches the maximum distance of about 87 cm.     

Linearly tapered meander line broadband monopole tag antenna with T‐match for Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification applications

In this paper, a compact, broadband linearly tapered meandered monopole tag antenna for UHF‐RFID is designed and optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. An inductive T‐match network is utilized for impedance matching with capacitive Higgs‐4 chip. The optimization goal of PSO was conjugate matching and in consequence the maximization of read range. Equivalent circuit of the proposed tag antenna is derived using ADS software to validate its impedance characteristics. The performance of the proposed tag in terms of tag power sensitivity, read range, realized gain, and differential radar cross section has been experimentally characterized. To check the tolerance of the designed tag to various object platforms, its read range performance is also verified on objects like wood, fiber, plastic, and so forth. Furthermore, read pattern of the proposed tag has been measured and found to have figure of eight in E‐plane and omnidirectional in H‐plane. Experimental results reveal that the proposed tag covers 865‐867 MHz (ETSI band, Europe) and 902‐928 MHz (FCC band, United States) both major RFID bands with a read range of 10 and 12 m, respectively. The proposed tag has 2060 mm³ of volumetric size with maximum measured readable distance of 12 m with EIRP of 3.28 W.     

基于RCS的无源超高频RFID标签识别距离研究*

通过对无源超高频RFID系统中标签功率的获取、传递以及反射的研究,提出了一种基于雷达散射截面(RCS)对标签识别距离进行计算的新方法。采用高频电磁场仿真软件FEKO对不同标签天线进行建模与仿真,计算标签天线在不同负载下的RCS;再结合识别距离表达式计算该标签的最大识别距离,与标签已有的实测参数进行比较,计算结果与实际参数吻合。研究结果证实了该方法对研究标签识别性能具有很好的借鉴意义。     

Compact meandered RFID tag antenna with high read range for UHF band applications

In this work, a compact, long read range, and an efficient spiral loop structure coupled tag antenna is proposed for UHF‐RFID applications. Meandered line element is inductively coupled to spiral loop for matching its input impedance to Higgs‐4 chip. Equivalent circuit of antenna is extracted to analyze its working mechanism in the operating band. Experimental characterization validates the performance of proposed tag antenna in free space and on cardboard sheet in terms of read range, tag sensitivity, and differential radar cross section with an EIRP of 3.28 W. The measured radiation pattern of the tag is found to be omnidirectional in H plane and figure of eight in E plane. The tag's read range is measured on objects like fiber, wood, plastic, and glass in outdoor scenario to study its environment tolerance. The tag antenna has volumetric size of 1736 mm³ and read range of 13.6 m in US RFID band.     

新型无源UHF RFID双端口标签设计

针对无源UHF RFID系统通信距离受限的问题,提出了一种新型无源双端口智能标签的设计方案.阐述了智能选择的实现方法以及提高系统识别距离的原理,并给出了标签其他部分电路包括整流及稳压电路、调制电路和解调电路的电路结构,电路基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺实现.仿真结果表明:各部分电路均可实现正常功能.     

Multiobjective optimization for small meander wire dipole antennas in a fixed area using ant colony system

Fixed area meander line antennas designed on a 5 × 5 rectangular grid were optimized for efficiency and resonant frequency. The Pareto front was developed using ant colony optimization and the numerical electromagnetic code. The lowest frequency antenna fits an area of 0.11λ₀ × 0.05λ₀ with an efficiency of 88%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

Modeling double‐side printed meander‐line inductors on printed circuit boards

A lumped element model for a double‐side printed meander‐line inductor with closed‐ form expressions for the electrical model parameters L, C, R_l, and R_c is presented. These structures are cheaper than coils and need less area per unit of inductance than single‐side printed meander‐line inductors. The model has been validated with measurements from 30 to 1000 MHz, finding a mean error in the inductance parameter of about 1%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 13: 105–112, 2003.     

基于分组处理的RFID标签防碰撞算法

由于现有的确定性RFID标签防碰撞算法存在识别效率不高, 数据交换量大等问题, 提出了一种引入部分响应机制的分组式RFID标签防碰撞算法. 算法采用分组策略与部分响应相结合的方式, 读写器按一定次序依次识别每个分组内的标签, 减少了标签碰撞概率和标签识别数量; 对每个分组内的标签采取部分响应机制进行识别, 能有效减少数据通信量. 仿真结果表明, 该算法相比其他几种算法, 具有识别效率高、数据交换量小等优势.     

基于无源超高频RFID温度标签的温度监测系统

设计一种基于无源超高频(UHF)射频识别(RFID)温度标签的温度监测系统.系统由课题组自主研发的无源超高频RFID温度标签、Speedway R220商用阅读器和上位机应用软件组成,实现了物品身份识别、温度实时测量和显示的功能.为提高温度标签的测温精度,提出了一种自适应功率匹配算法,使得天线扫描范围内的多个标签都能在最佳测温功率下测温.测试结果表明:当温度标签与阅读器天线的距离分别为0.5,1.0,1.5m时,测温误差小于±1℃.     

基于相控阵技术的新型无源RFID标签理论研究

基于无源超高频射频识别(UHF RFID)系统的基本工作原理,提出了一种新型标签,将相控阵天线引入无源标签,使得标签具有了定位功能,并且可以改善UHF RFID系统的通信距离.对标签相控阵天线各参数进行了理论数值分析,并使用Matlab软件针对不同的天线阵元个数和阵元间距仿真天线波束幅值与方向性参数,进而实现对理论分析结果的验证.结果表明:理论与仿真结果相符.通过仿真确定了合适的相控阵天线参数,为进一步的研究设计奠定了理论基础.     

标签移动场景下的防碰撞算法研究

针对目前一些已有标签防碰撞算法大多应用于标签固定场景,而在标签移动场景下表现不佳的问题,提出了一种标签移动场景下（tag moving scene,TMS）的防碰撞算法。该算法首先对移入标签和驻留标签进行区分,然后对标签数量进行预估,最后基于标签预估值采用一种混合识别策略对标签进行识别。仿真实验结果显示,相较于其他算法,TMS算法在标签移动场景下可以有效降低标签识别时间,对RFID标签防碰撞算法的研究具有一定意义。     

Compact size flexible UHF RFID tag antenna for racing pigeon ring applications

A very small size radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna specifically designed for racing pigeon ring applications is proposed. The structure of this UHF tag is a closed‐loop type printed on a 30 × 8 mm² polyimide film of thickness 0.063 mm. Thus, it can be wrapped into a double layer plastic cylindrical ring of size similar to those used for racing pigeon. By simply tuning the inner width of the loop, good conjugate matching between the tag chip input impedance and the tag antenna can be achieved. When mounted onto a real preserved dried pigeon feet specimen, the measured impedance bandwidth of the tag antenna was 901‐929 MHz. Further experimental results have also shown that the proposed antenna has a maximum reading range of up to 50 cm.     

浅谈RFID电子标签及卷到卷电子标签生产线

在RFID系统中,电子标签用量十分巨大。根据电子标签的不同用途,其材料组成和封装工艺也不同,电子标签一般分为硬体标签和柔体标签(又称柔性标签)。文章结合柔性电子标签封装工艺专门研制的卷到卷电子标签生产线,说明其前道倒封装(Flip Chip)电子标签生产线和后道层合模切电子标签生产线等两部分卷到卷电子标签生产线具有生产效率高、稳定性好等特点。     

基于RFID和GPRS的校园防盗系统的设计与实现

高校贵重物品被盗现象时常发生,不仅给学生带来财产损失,还直接影响到他们的正常学习和生活.因此,如何利用高科技手段提高校园安全管理,建立安全、先进、可靠的校园安全防范体系,是学校急需解决的问题.该文应用无线射频识别RFID技术.结合通用分组无线服务GPRS技术,设计了一种校园防盗系统.当贵重物品经过检测站点时,系统将自动匹配物品信息和携带者信息,判断物品是否被盗.在物品被盗时,系统能自动、快速地向管理员和失主发送报警信息,有效保护了学生的财产安全.     

RFID tag antenna for ultra and super high frequency band applications

A novel dual‐band antenna for radio frequency identification tag is proposed for ultra high frequency (UHF: 915 MHz) and super high frequency (SHF: 2450 MHz) bands. The proposed tag antenna is a single sided dual‐antenna structure, designed on the grounded (metallic) dielectric substrate. The proposed tag antenna can be used on any kind of surfaces including metals without severe performance degradation due to its metallic ground plane. At UHF band, proposed tag antenna works as dual‐antenna structure. In the dual‐antenna structure, one antenna works for receiving and another for backscattering. Due to separate backscatterer, the maximum differential radar cross section improved and results in the enhancement of the maximum read range. Whereas at SHF band, proposed antenna works as conventional single antenna structure and during operations it switches between receiving and backscattering modes. The proposed antenna consists of a meandered line antenna and a rectangular patch antenna loaded with an F‐shaped and an inverted L‐shaped slots. The S‐parameters are measured by means of differential probe technique. Simulated and measured results are observed in good agreement. The read range is observed about 5 and 6 m at 915 and 2450 MHz, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:640–650, 2016.     

RFID技术在压裂滑套工具中的应用

目前,国内外对射频识别技术（ RFID）在压裂工具中的应用还处于前期研发阶段,分析了RFID技术在压裂滑套工具中应用的可行性,阐述了油井下RFID控制系统和无线收发单元的内部结构与工作方式,其关键技术是RFID天线的设计、通信模块的识别率及电子元件和电池在高温高压条件下的工作状态。根据油井下的应用情况,搭建试验平台并进行相关试验操作,对主要存在的问题总结并改进,提出了RFID结合压力脉冲技术和磁感应技术的滑套工具的发展趋势,及水平井分段压裂工具的智能化方向。     

基于牛顿迭代法的RFID标签数量估计算法

ALOHA算法是一种被广泛采用的射频识别(RFID)标签防碰撞算法,要提高它的识别效率,算法帧长必须根据标签数量自适应调整,因此标签数量估计的准确性十分重要。针对已有标签估计方案存在的误差大问题,提出一种基于牛顿迭代法的标签数量估计算法(NIATE)。首先,根据标签数量与帧长的数量关系确定一个调节因子;其次,研究标签识别过程中成功时隙占总时隙比例,得到调节因子与所占比例的关系;最后利用牛顿迭代法求解得出准确的标签数量。仿真结果表明,NIATE算法在不同标签数量情况下,相比现有主流算法具有较好的自适应能力,标签估计平均误差更小,从而减少了识别所有标签所需的总时隙数,提高了系统吞吐率。     

Design of a compact size tag antenna based on split ring resonator for UHF RFID application

In this article, a new design of miniaturized split‐ring resonator antenna using a meander line technique with a simple impedance matching method applicable to UHF‐RFID tags is presented. The new approach is based on the integration of a meander line into the radiating element of SRR to reduce the electrical tag size and a theoretical demonstration to calculate the conjugate impedance matching and directly attach the antenna with the chip. The new SRR antenna, which is printed on the flexible substrate Arlon CuClad 250LX, is designed using Alien Higgs 3 RFID ASIC whose input impedance is 25‐j190. The prototype antenna has a low‐cost compact size (18.28 mm × 18.28 mm) with a read range higher than 4 m within the RFID UHF band and with a roughly 4.2‐m peak range at 915 MHz. As a proof of behavior, a tag prototype is fabricated and measured to operate at a UHF RFID band. Based on some works' results, an optimized design is obtained with a 48% size reduction compared with the classic split ring resonator antenna and with a good impedance matching the antenna with RFID ASIC without the need for any external matching network.