棕榈油大豆油为原料调和油冷冻性能研究

对碘值60棕榈油与大豆油调和而成调和油在0℃、10℃、20℃三种温度条件下进行冷冻性能研究。在0℃情况下,即使棕榈油含量仅10%,也会很快混浊和结冻;在10℃情况下,含20%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持15天以上澄清透明;在20℃情况下,含40%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持25天以上而澄清透明。     

棕榈液油在调和油中应用研究

将熔点18℃棕榈液油分别与大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油进行调配,得出不同季节条件下最佳调配比例;结果表明,棕榈液油作为一种调和油原料油,在春、夏、秋季均能应用于食用调和油。     

营养平衡调和油的配制及营养成分的测定

为解决单一食用油中营养组分缺陷问题,以大豆油、橄榄油、鱼油和亚麻籽油为基料油,测定其酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量和脂肪酸组成,然后按照中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,依据不同基料油的脂肪酸组成计算其配比并配制调和油,最后测定调和油的营养成分。结果表明：大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、鱼油的酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量均符合相关国家标准,4种油脂配制调和油的最适配比为45%、45%、8%、2%;调和油中主要微量营养成分及其含量为角鲨烯2.18 mg/kg、β-胡萝卜素0.474 mg/kg、α-生育酚73.6 mg/kg、β-生育酚0.6 mg/kg、γ-生育酚132.0 mg/kg、δ-生育酚20.4 mg/kg、总甾醇5 700 mg/kg。所得调和油符合中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,是一种营养平衡调和油。     

橄榄油氧化过程中风味化合物变化

橄榄油具有良好保健功能,是较为理想食用油脂;但在贮存过程中也存在氧化变质现象;橄榄油氧化将产生对人体有毒、有害副产物,其独特风味发生劣化,产生难以接受气味。该文详细介绍橄榄油氧化机理,总结引起橄榄油风味改变的醛、酮、醇、短链脂肪酸等氧化产物。     

Vegetable Oils Replace Pork Backfat for Low-Fat Frankfurters

Low-fat frankfurters (10% fat, 12.5% protein) with olive, corn, sunflower or soybean oils, compared to control (29.1% animal fat, 10.4% protein) had 67% lower total fat, 40–45% lower saturated fatty acids, 50–53% lower calories, reduced cholesterol and 20% higher meat protein. Although they had darker red color they were 6–7.2% lower in processing yield and had higher purge accumulation, were firmer and less juicy. The type oil had no effect (P>0.05) on these characteristics but affected fatty acid composition. Frankfurters with olive oil had 41.8% higher monounsaturated fatty acids and those with seed oils 5–7 times higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. Soybean oil increased lin-olenic acid content and negatively affected overall acceptability and shelf-life.     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

国内外食用油脂加工技术发展

近年来,世界油脂加工技术发展非常迅速,预处理和制炼油新技术、新装备、新产品不断出现,正日益受到人们重视。该文主要从提高油/粕质量、降低能耗和废弃物排放、提高生产效率和开发新产品等方面出发,阐述世界油脂加工技术创新发展现状。     

取油锤改进应用技术探讨

介绍了取油锤的特点及其改进,通过改进方便了取油锤的使用。     

一种适合于煎炸的调和油实验研究

选用一级棉籽油和棕榈油为原料,制成熔点较低的调和油,经实验证明,可以代替大豆油,用于普通煎炸操作。     

Effect of blending and lipase catalyzed interesterification reaction on the cholesterol lowering properties of palm oil with rice bran oil in rats

The effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils containing palm oil (PO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on serum and liver lipids was evaluated in rats. The PO and RBO were blended to contain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the proportion of 1:1.5:1. The blended oil was subjected to transesterification reaction using immobilized lipase, lipozyme IM‐RM. Rats were fed a diet containing blended or interesterified oils for 8 weeks. Rats fed PO showed significantly higher levels of cholesterol in serum and liver as compared to those given RBO, blended oil of PO with RBO or interesterified oil. Rats fed blended oils showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol by 51% compared to rats fed PO. Feeding interesterified oil to rats resulted in decrease in serum cholesterol by 56% compared to rats fed PO, which was 10% lower compared to that observed in rats given blended oil. The present study indicated that a combination of PO with RBO can significantly lower serum lipids in rats as compared to those given diet containing PO alone.     

常见植物油沉淀物的研究现状

植物油中出现的浑浊现象,降低了油脂的外观品质,影响了消费者的选择和企业的效益,因此受到人们的强烈关注。介绍了近年来关于葵花籽油、卡诺拉油和芝麻油等几种常见油脂沉淀物的主要成分的研究情况,以及沉淀物形成的主要影响因素和处理方法。     

大蒜精油和姜精油对大豆油的抗氧化活性研究

为了进一步证明大蒜精油和姜油的抗氧化活性,力求为两种精油作为天然多功能食品添加的应用提供一定的理论基础。因此,以用超临界CO2萃取的大蒜油和姜油为主要研究对象,并以精炼大豆油为底物,采用史卡尔(Schaal)法,研究了不同剂量的大蒜精油和姜精油的抗氧化活性,同时将其与用量均为0.02%的TBHQ和维生素E抗氧化能力进行了比较。结果表明,大蒜精油和姜精油对大豆油具有明显的抗氧化效果,并有一定的剂量效应关系,大蒜精油对大豆油的抗氧化能力整体上要明显强于姜精油,并且0.02%大蒜精油的抗氧化性能明显优于0.02%TBHQ和0.02%维生素E,然而实验中姜精油的抗氧化性能均不及0.02%TBHQ和0.02%维生素E。此外,实验研究还发现两种精油添加于油脂中,都会对油脂的颜色和气味产生不同程度的影响。     

植物油基薄钢板冷轧轧制油的研究

植物油由于其优良的润滑性、退火清净性、离水展着性和可生物降解性,成为冷轧轧制油基础油研究的趋势。以菜籽油为基础油,通过添加23.72%高黏植物油、1.34%极压抗磨剂、1.02%脂肪酸、4.88%抗氧剂、11%乳化剂和2.7%消泡剂,开发出一种高黏度,抗氧性、极压抗磨性、低温流动性和乳化效果好的薄钢板冷轧轧制油,其母油性能完全达到奎克公司同类产品标准,乳液性能满足我国行业使用标准。使用植物油开发绿色冷轧轧制油,是实现可持续发展,解决石油危机的有效途径。     

中国植物油料生产和贸易:现状、变化及前景

我国作为植物油料生产大国、消费大国及贸易大国,研究入世对我国油料生产和贸易影 响、进而判断未来变动趋势有着重要意义。该文首先对我国植物油料生产、贸易情况进行简单梳理; 在此基础上,重点分析入世后植物油料生产贸易变化及主要影响因素;最后对中国植物油料生产、 贸易未来发展趋势进行简单判断,并提出对策建议。     

地下储油与地上储油对大豆油综合品质的影响

为了研究地下储油的可行性,将大豆油分别置于室外地上和地下室的钢制油罐（单罐容量200 kg）中储存,地上储油分别采用常规储存、添加抗氧化剂TBHQ储存、充氮储存,地下储油采用自然低温储存,储期24个月,期间自动检测和记录储油温度,每月取样检测大豆油的酸值、过氧化值、维生素E含量和甾醇含量,分析不同储油条件对大豆油综合品质的影响。结果显示：地上储油的全年周均温度为19.5 ℃,最高温度接近40 ℃,最低温度接近0 ℃,夏季（6—9月）月均温度为33 ℃,冬季（12月至次年3月）月均温度接近10 ℃;地下储油的全年周均温度为16.8 ℃,常年日均温度在12～21 ℃之间。经24个月储存,4种储油的酸值均未超出国标限量,但地上常规储油的酸值升幅明显高于其他3种储油,其过氧化值在7个月时已超标,地下储油和地上添加TBHQ储油的过氧化值至24个月也未超标,充氮储油的过氧化值在17个月时开始超标,地下储油的保质期比地上常规储油延长了17个月。随储存时间延长4种储油中维生素E、甾醇含量均持续降低,但与地上常规储油相比,地下储油中维生素E、甾醇损失率分别下降19.36、8.57个百分点。与地上储油相比,地下储油依赖于自然的恒定低温和避光条件,在不添加抗氧化剂和不充氮的条件下可实现对大豆油的保质保鲜储存,是一种绿色安全和优势明显的储油技术,值得推广应用。     

日粮中不同油脂对肉鸡小肠组织形态的影响

本试验研究了日粮中添加不同油脂对42日龄肉仔鸡小肠组织形态的影响。试验选取324只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成6组,饲喂基础日粮的对照组(CON组),基础日粮添加豆油(SO组),基础日粮添加猪油(LO组),添加以棕榈油为主的配比油脂(COP组)、以椰子油为主的配比油脂(COC组)、多种植物油配比的油脂(COV组)。试验期42d。结果表明:(1)油脂主要影响十二指肠和空肠的微观结构。(2)SO组的十二指肠绒毛高度高于CON组(P0.05)。(3)LO组的十二指肠与空肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度均高于CON组(P0.01)。(4)COP组的十二指肠的绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值高于CON组(P0.05)、LO组(P0.01)和SO组(P0.05),空肠的隐窝深度低于LO组(P0.05)。(5)COC组的空肠隐窝深度低于CON组(P0.05)和LO组(P0.01),空肠绒毛隐窝比值高于CON组(P0.05)、LO组(P0.01)和SO组(P0.05)。(6)COV组的十二指肠的隐窝深度低于LO组(P0.05),绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值高于SO组(P0.05)和LO组(P0.01),空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值高于LO组(P0.05)。综上所述,油脂有促进十二指肠和空肠组织形态发育的作用,从提高绒毛表面积考虑,配比椰子油效果最好。     

Oil Spill Cleanup by Hydrophobic Natural Fibers

This article evaluates and compares on oil wetting and sorption performance of three natural fiber assemblies made by kapok, cattail and cotton fibers in application of absorbing vegetable oil. The three fibers were naturally hydrophobic and oleophilic. The water stood on the fibers’ surfaces with the contact angles between 120° and 145°, while oil droplet disappeared quickly from the fibers’ surfaces within several seconds. When applied as the oil sorbents, it was found that the three fiber assemblies showed quick oil uptake. Among them, kapok fiber assembly showed exceptionally high oil sorption and retention capacity. The presence of big hollow lumens which contributed to 77 % of the fiber’s volume was the important reason for this. Cattail fiber was bamboo-shaped. The fiber was short (3–11 mm). However, the formation of numerous of bamboo-liked lumens between neighboring fibers in cattail fiber assembly contributed to it quick oil sorption and excellent oil retention capacity, despite of relatively low oil absorbency. Although faster oil spreading comparing to kapok fibers, cotton fibers showed much lower oil absorbency and retention capacity, due to its collapsed lumens which considerably reduced its available pores for oil sorption.     

水分含量对马铃薯淀粉凝胶体系脂肪吸收的影响

以马铃薯淀粉为原材料,与水进行模拟,在180 ℃条件下对马铃薯淀粉凝胶样品进行常压油炸,研究油炸样品中总油脂含量,以及各部分油脂含量的分布情况。结果表明：随着水分含量的增加,马铃薯淀粉凝胶体系油炸样品的总油脂含量、表面油脂含量和表面渗透油脂含量呈逐渐增加的趋势。随着油炸时间的延长,马铃薯淀粉凝胶体系油炸样品的总油脂含量和组织结构油脂含量呈逐渐增加的趋势,表面渗透油脂含量呈逐渐降低的趋势。随着水分含量的增加,表面渗透油脂含量在油炸样品总油脂含量中占据最大部分,其次是组织结构油脂含量,最少的是表面油脂含量。不同部分油脂含量的变化呈现一定的规律性,但变化幅度有一定的差异。     

特种植物油中甾醇总量及组成分析

通过气相色谱法对牡丹籽油、核桃油、南瓜籽油、葡萄籽油四种特种植物油中的甾醇总量及组成进行分析研究。结果表明,牡丹籽油甾醇总量为240.0 mg/100 g,其主要组分是β-谷甾醇、Δ5,23-豆甾二烯醇和Δ5-燕麦甾烯醇;核桃油甾醇总量为100.5 mg/100 g,其主要组分是β-谷甾醇;南瓜籽油甾醇总量为299.6~358.4 mg/100 g,其主要组分是β-谷甾醇、Δ5,24-豆甾二烯醇和Δ7-燕麦甾烯醇;葡萄籽油甾醇总量为222.5~234.9 mg/100 g,其主要组分是β-谷甾醇、菜油(芸薹)甾醇和豆甾醇。分析结果为特种植物油的开发及加工提供了基础数据及技术支撑。     

餐饮废油与食用植物油品质的GC-MS检测

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析餐饮废油特征性脂肪酸组成成分.以合格鲜榨菜籽油、调和油和餐饮废油潲水油、煎炸老油为材料,通过油样的皂化、甲酯化处理后,以毛细管柱DB-5MS作分离柱,用气相色谱一质谱仪分析出脂肪酸组成与含量.结果表明,潲水油、煎炸老油中脂肪酸相对不饱和度(U/R≈1.9)明显小于合格植物油(U/R≈4.4),并在其中检测到了十三烷酸(含量约0.27%)和十七烷酸(含量约6.49%)等奇数碳脂肪酸.