关于丁二烯抽提装置的溶剂损耗及处理措施

分析了溶剂损耗的诸项原因及处理措施。     

涂料用溶剂的连用

介绍了涂料用溶剂的主要特性及设计涂料配方所需要考虑的因素。剖析了使用不配套溶剂可能存在的问题。     

复合溶剂改善桦甸页岩柴油安定性的研究

采用萃取分离方法从桦甸页岩柴油中分离氮化物特别是碱洗氮化物具有高效性,实验结果表明,用溶剂A-无机酸的复合试剂以剂油比为0.5时精制桦甸页岩柴油,明显的降低了桦甸页岩柴油的色度,与此同时大大提高了桦甸页岩柴油的安定性,将桦甸页岩柴油经复合溶剂处理后再经碱洗,可有效的除去影响安定性的酸性组分和氮化物,使油品的颜色得到明显...     

折光法在溶剂回收中的应用

报道了一种通过测试折光率来回收混合溶剂的方法。     

溶剂安全性的评价方法

介绍了欧洲和北美对溶剂安全性不同的评价方法.     

溶剂蒸发法制备药物微胶囊研究进展

介绍了溶剂蒸发法制备微胶囊的原理,分析了溶剂蒸发法制备药物微胶囊的工艺的研究现状。重点讨论了以下3个主要方面：（1）微液滴的形成;（2）溶剂蒸发法制备微胶囊;（3）微胶囊颗粒的回收和干燥,并对溶剂蒸发法制备微胶囊技术的发展作了展望。     

煤油共处理中原料油结构对供氢性能影响研究

为考察煤焦油作为煤油共处理溶剂的反应效果,以高温煤焦油为对象,利用1H核磁共振光谱、红外光谱等分析方法表征高温煤焦油加氢前后结构变化,计算高温煤焦油加氢前后的平均分子式和平均结构参数。通过高温煤焦油加氢前后与煤的共处理试验,研究高温煤焦油加氢后结构变化对供氢性能的影响。结果表明,高温煤焦油加氢前后平均结构变化明显,加氢使部分芳环被取代,侧链发生断裂,芳烃加氢饱和形成氢化芳烃或发生开环反应形成其他脂肪结构,芳香氢HA含量由0.743下降到0.605,Hα、Hβ和Hγ分别提高0.109、0.022和0.705,加氢后高温煤焦油PDQI指数提高0.68,供氢效果明显改善,原料转化率、油收率分别提高1.24%和3.92%,沥青烯、前沥青烯产率下降2.25%,产物组成一环至四环化合物分别增加0.79%、0.53%、2.97%和0.83%,H/C原子比由0.99提高至1.03。说明加氢后焦油用于煤油共处理反应,促进了共处理反应重质产物向轻质产物的转移。     

溶剂法氢化松香生产过程中溶剂变化的原因分析

溶剂法氢化松香生产过程中,循环使用的溶剂总量变化不大,但其轻组分因更容易挥发而在生产过程的各个环节流失,含量会逐渐降低;而在加氢反应的温度和氢化松香的蒸馏条件下,松香中的部分重油和少量松香脱羧产物被分离出来进入溶剂,造成重组分含量逐渐增加。溶剂的变化是影响氢化松香质量的一个因素。     

溶剂黄X16的合成研究

以4-二乙基氨基水杨醛、丙二酸二乙酯以及5-氯-2-氨基苯酚为原料，合成了一个具有香豆素结构的重要有机荧光染料——溶剂黄X16。该染料是用于聚酯纤维的艳绿光黄色溶剂染料，并有较好的湿牢度、升华牢度、耐洗坚牢度、光牢度及快速染色等性能。     

Alternative Bio-Based Solvents for Extraction of Fat and Oils: Solubility Prediction,Global Yield,Extraction Kinetics,Chemical Composition and Cost of Manufacturing

The present study was designed to evaluate the performance of alternative bio-based solvents, more especially 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, obtained from crop’s byproducts for the substitution of petroleum solvents such as hexane in the extraction of fat and oils for food (edible oil) and non-food (bio fuel) applications. First a solvent selection as well as an evaluation of the performance was made with Hansen Solubility Parameters and the COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvation (COSMO-RS) simulations. Experiments were performed on rapeseed oil extraction at laboratory and pilot plant scale for the determination of lipid yields, extraction kinetics, diffusion modeling, and complete lipid composition in term of fatty acids and micronutrients (sterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols). Finally, economic and energetic evaluations of the process were conducted to estimate the cost of manufacturing using 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) as alternative solvent compared to hexane as petroleum solvent.     

煤的CS2/NMP溶剂抽提

综述了溶剂抽提的发展和现状,介绍了V(CS2)∶V(NMP)=1∶1的混合溶剂,对影响该混合溶剂抽提率的因素、抽提机理和相关理论计算研究进行了讨论,展望了该领域的研究方向。     

Effect of solvent type on preparation of ethyl cellulose microparticles by solvent evaporation method with double emulsion system using focused beam reflectance measurement

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of solvent type on the solidification rate of ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticles and particle size/distribution of emulsion droplets/hardened microparticles during the solvent evaporation process using focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). EC microparticles were prepared with a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water solvent evaporation method using various solvents, including dichloromethane, dichloromethane–methanol (1:1), ethyl acetate and chloroform. The particle size/distribution of the emulsion droplets/hardened microparticles was monitored using FBRM. The morphology of EC microparticles was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The transformation of the emulsion droplets into solid microparticles for all solvents occurred within the first 10–90 min. The square weighted mean chord length of EC microparticles prepared using chloroform was smallest, but the chord count was not the highest. The chord length distribution (CLD) measured by FBRM showed that a larger mean particle size gave longer CLD and a lower peak of particle number. SEM data revealed that the morphology of microparticles was influenced by the type of solvent. FBRM can be employed for online monitoring of the shift in the microparticle CLD and detect transformation of emulsion droplets into solid microparticles during the solvent evaporation process. The microparticle CLD and transformation process were strongly influenced by solvent type. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

恩氏蒸馏法在溶剂油馏程测定中的应用

恩氏蒸馏法用于对溶剂油产品馏程的相对比较或对油品中轻重馏分相对含量作大致判断。在本实验中,五种溶剂油产品的所测馏程均在标准馏程范围内,并且随着馏出物的体积百分比增加,温度也随之增加,但达到一定温度后不再上升,此温度即为干点。     

乙酸仲丁酯在山茶油提取中的应用研究

在食品安全性要求日渐严格的背景下,文章使用不含硫和芳烃的绿色环保溶剂乙酸仲丁酯替代植物油抽提溶剂,实现了山茶油的提取。通过对各影响因素进行系统研究,获得了乙酸仲丁酯作抽提溶剂的最佳工艺参数:温度50℃,3∶1的溶剂比,提取时间为1 h,在该优化条件下的出油率可达到96.7%,明显优于同等条件下的乙酸乙酯、石油醚(60~90℃)、正己烷和乙醇。经简单的减压蒸馏分离回收溶剂,其溶剂残留率为11%,仅比正己烷高出4%。乙酸仲丁酯用以取代植物油抽提溶剂将具有可行性。     

部分可溶性无机盐的结晶研究

以混合溶剂代替传统水溶剂结晶可溶性无机盐，可显著地降低结晶过程的能耗，温度、生产流程也可缩短。     

溶剂法合成对甲苯甲腈

本文报道了对甲苯甲酸在氨基磺酸的存在下,在溶剂中同尿素反应生成对甲苯甲腈的合成方法,并对影响产品收率的因素进行了讨论。     

环保型家用装修胶粘剂配方研究

文章介绍了SBS为基质的胶粘剂的制备，讨论了影响环保型胶粘剂质量的物质如树脂、溶剂等，提供了低毒、价廉的溶剂。     

Evaluation of Novel Solvent Systems Containing Calix-crown-6 Ligands in A Fluorinated Solvent for Cesium Extraction from Nitric Acidic Feeds

Several commercial calix-crown-6 ligands such as: calix[4]arene-bis-crown-6 (CC), calix[4]arene-bis-benzo-crown-6 (CBC), calix[4]arene-bis-naphtho-crown-6 (CNC), and bis-(octyloxy)calix[4]arene-mono-crown-6 (CMC) have been evaluated for their Cs uptake ability from nitric acid feed solutions in a novel solvent system. The calix-crown-6 ligands were made soluble in phenyl trifluoromethyl sulphone (PTMS) and 1 × 10^?3 M solutions were used for metal ion extraction from nitric acid feed solutions. The extraction efficiency of the calix-crown-6 ligands was found out to be: CBC > CNC > CMC ? CC, which was attributed to trends of their partition coefficients. CNC was considered to be the most suitable extractant in view of its better organophilicity. The effects of concentrations of nitric acid and Cs carrier in feed were also investigated. Studies carried out using variation of ligand concentration yielded an extracted species of the type [CsL⁺][NO₃^?]_org. Stripping of Cs(I) from the loaded organic phase was found to be possible when the organic phase contained minute quantities of Alamine 336. Co-current extraction and stripping studies were also carried out using CNC as the extractant.     

High-efficiency separation of oil sands using ChCl-based deep eutectic solvents

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a kind of potential lixiviant for extraction processing. Unlike conventional ionic liquids (ILs), DESs are relatively cheap and environmentally friendly. Herein, three different ChCl-based DESs, namely, choline chloride/urea, choline chloride/ethylene glycol, as well as choline chloride/propandioic acid, were synthesized and used to enhance bitumen recovery from oil sand by petroleum ether extraction. The results showed a multiphase system formed after mixing the components at ~25°C, consisting of sands and clays, a DES layer, and a petroleum ether layer containing the bitumen. These DESs were immiscible with bitumen or petroleum ether. Coupled with a density difference, a clear phase separation was presented between the bitumen–petroleum ether mixture and DES. The DES functioned as a separating agent, keeping the petroleum ether–bitumen mixture and spent sand apart from each other. The results showed that the bitumen recovery was increased by ~12% compared with that without the DESs. We deduced that the enhancement in the separation may result from the reduction of adhesion between bitumen and sand by the DESs. The ChCl-based DESs and petroleum ether could be readily recycled to reduce industrial costs. After 10 cycles, the bitumen recovery remained above 86%.     

Immersion vs. percolation in the extraction of oil from oleaginous seeds

The influence of the two contact modes, percolation and immersion, during the extraction of oilseeds by means of a solvent are presented. Experiments were performed in lab-scale equipment with soybean flakes, arranged in beds that reproduce these two contact modes. The extractions were carried out with hexane at constant temperature. To simulate the performance of shallow-and deep-bed extractors, two different bed height/diameter ratios were used. The experimental results are explained in terms of the basic transfer phenomena that occur during extraction. These phenomena are addressed to develop a mathematical model, which is used to simulate extraction under both contact modes. The immersion scheme yielded greater efficiency than the percolation mode to extract soybean flakes for the two bed height/diameter ratios studied. The mathematical model predicts very well the experimental findings. It also predicts the solvent retained by the solid mass after extracting the oil.