真菌对重金属生物吸附机理的研究进展

对真菌生物吸附重金属的吸附机理进行了综述。从是否消耗能量和吸附作用发生的位置2方面对吸附机理做出简单分类,依据吸附作用发生在吸附剂细胞的不同位置,分别从细胞表面、细胞外和细胞内3个方面对吸附机理展开探讨。同时指出了真菌吸附重金属机理研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向提出展望。     

植物在废水重金属离子吸附中的应用

随着工业的发展,重金属的污染问题日益严重。一些植物经过简单预处理或改性后,对水中重金属具有吸附作用,且材料廉价、易得、无二次污染。此文对含重金属废水的植物吸附方法进行了综述,并指出各种农林废弃物和藻类植物对重金属吸附具有良好的应用前景。     

粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用

粉煤灰是一种大宗工业固体废弃物,其比表面积大,是一种良好的吸附材料.本文介绍了粉煤灰的物化特性、处理废水的原理,综合论述了粉煤灰在各种废水处理中的应用,提出粉煤灰处理废水存在的一些问题、研究方向和应用前景.     

Radioactive liquid waste treatment at Fukushima Daiichi

The earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011 severely damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant leading to the most severe nuclear incident since Chernobyl. Ongoing operations to cool the damaged reactors at the site have led to the generation of highly radioactive coolant water. This is currently treated to remove Cs‐137 and Cs‐134 and then passed through a reverse osmosis (RO) unit to reduce the salinity before being cycled back to the reactors. Because only the Cs isotopes are removed, the RO reject water cannot be discharged from the site and this has led to the accumulation of over 200 000 m³ (52 million gallons) of extremely contaminated water which is currently stored on site in tanks. EnergySolutions, in partnership with Toshiba, were contracted to develop a system to reduce 62 isotopes in this waste to allowable levels. This was a significant technical challenge given the high background salt content of the waste‐water, the variation in aqueous chemistry of the radioactive isotopes and the presence of relatively high concentrations of non‐active competing ions (e.g. Ca and Mg) which inhibit the removal of isotopes such as Sr‐89 and Sr‐90. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

固废基无机高分子混凝剂研究进展及改进途径

无机高分子复合型混凝剂具有优越的絮凝能力,但目前于基于固废资源化利用制备无机高分子复合混凝剂的相关研究缺乏系统性。本文介绍了三类固废基无机高分子复合混凝剂的制备工艺、性质特点,简述了其在水处理领域的应用、作用机理及存在的问题,并结合新型无机高分子复合混凝剂的研究进展,分析了固废基无机高分子复合混凝剂的发展方向。根据已有结果,文中指出需要从固废原料的化学组成,建立全面的固废资源,优化不同来源固废基无机高分子复合混凝剂的制备工艺;其次指出应进行混凝剂的物耗、能耗等技术经济分析,促进其规模化生产使用;并提出对污泥固废应进行循环资源化利用,关注制备过程中产生的无机盐,避免对水质的不良影响;最后表明,应加强混凝剂功能化研究,开发具有协同效应的固废基无机高分子复合混凝剂。     

吸附法处理重金属废水的研究进展

综述了吸附法处理重金属废水的研究进展。讨论了天然材料、合成材料、改性材料、生物材料等种类的吸附剂,探讨了各类吸附剂的吸附机理和影响吸附的因素。展望了未来水处理吸附剂的发展方向,廉价的、高效的、无二次污染的吸附剂将会得到大力开发。     

Influence of an aerobic selector on copper and hexavalent chromium biosorption by activated sludge

The influence of an aerobic selector on biosorption of Cu and Cr(VI) by activated sludge was studied. In‐vitro batch adsorption tests were performed using sludge harvested from bench‐scale activated sludge systems. Metal biosorption by activated sludge was rapid with equilibrium usually reached within an hour. Adsorption behaviour closely followed a Freundlich isotherm model. Experimental data suggested that an aerobic selector increased the biosorption of the metal ions by activated sludge, confirming observations by others in a similar study but with different heavy metals. Freundlich isotherms indicated that the biosorption capacity of activated sludge was increased by 15% for Cu and 30% for Cr(VI). Activated sludge from both systems had a greater biosorption capacity for Cu than for Cr(VI). The effects of pH and sludge concentration were also investigated. The results indicate that these parameters may influence the biosorption characteristics of activated sludge. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Kinetics of nickel biosorption by acid‐washed barley straw

This work reported the rate of nickel biosorption using acid‐washed barley straw (AWBS) at different initial nickel concentration, AWBS particle size, solution pH, and temperature. The biosorption process was rapid and the equilibrium was reached in about 100 min with initial nickel concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg/L. AWBS with particle size of <0.425 mm exhibited a greater adsorption rate and reached equilibrium faster than particle sizes of 0.425–1.18 mm. An increase in pH from 3.0 ± 0.1 to 7.0 ± 0.1 increased the rate of adsorption and resulted in a higher equilibrium nickel uptake. Nickel adsorption was more favourable at 23 ± 1°C compared to 5 ± 1°C and 40 ± 1°C. The external mass transfer model was able to fit the dynamic nickel biosorption data and provided acceptable overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients.     

Electrodialytic processes in solid matrices. New insights into battery recycling. A review

Electrodialytic remediation has been widely applied to the recovery of different contaminants from numerous solid matrices, solving emerging issues of environmental concern. Results and conclusions reported in studies about real contaminated matrices are summarized in this work. The influence of pH value on the treatment effectiveness has been widely proved, highlighting the phenomenon of ‘water splitting’ in the membrane surface. This dissociation of water molecules is related to the ‘limiting current’ which it is desirable to exceed at the anion exchange membrane in order to produce the entering of protons toward the solid matrix. Other important parameters for the optimization of the technique, such as the current density and the liquid/solid ratio, are also discussed through the revision of studies using real solid matrices. This work also focuses on the pioneer proposal of electrokinetic technologies for the recycling of lithium ion batteries, considering the relevance of waste properties in the design and optimization of the technique. From a thorough literature revision, it could be concluded that further experimental results are needed to allow an optimal application of the technique to the rising problem of residues from batteries. The main aim of this work is to take the first steps in the recovery of valuable metals such as Li and Co from spent batteries, incorporating principles of green chemistry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

垃圾焚烧飞灰处置技术研究进展

系统介绍了垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术和最新研究成果,阐述了垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术一般可分为固化/稳定化技术和分离萃取技术两大类。其中固化/稳定化技术主要为水泥固化、热处理、化学药剂稳定化及水热处理技术;分离萃取技术主要为生物/化学提取和超临界流体萃取技术。分析了各项技术的优缺点,认为:水泥固化技术成本低,但增容过大;热处理技术有一定的减容效果,但能耗成本过高;化学药剂稳定化技术稳定化程度高,但较难实现多种重金属的同步固化;生物/化学提取技术反应条件温和,但成本较高;超临界流体萃取技术虽能有效实现重金属的回收利用,但其对设备要求过高;而水热处理技术的反应条件虽对设备有一定要求,但其无害化程度高,而且反应产物可以再利用。最后指出,水热法应该是未来具有较大应用潜力的飞灰处理方法。     

Continuous fixed bed biosorption of Cu2+ ions: application of a simple two parameter mathematical model

Biomass from two fungi of the Mucorales order, laboratory cultured and immobilised Rhizopus arrhizus, and industrial waste Mucor miehei, was tested for capacity to adsorb copper from solution in batch and continuous‐flow column systems. Maximum uptake levels were c 400 and 300 mmol g⁻¹ (dry weight) respectively. Immobilisation of Rhizopus arrhizus in polyvinyl formal to cell loadings of 60% (w/w) did not diminish metal uptake levels. In continuous‐flow columns both biosorbents adsorbed copper to levels equal or approaching the batch uptake values. Column breakthrough curves were fitted to a two parameter model and each of the parameters, σ and t₀ , were linearly correlated with column operating parameters. Predicted breakthrough curves agreed closely with experimental values. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

壳聚糖强化超滤工艺的研究进展

阐述天然聚合物壳聚糖强化超滤工艺的基本原理,较为全面地综述了该工艺在水处理中的应用效果,讨论影响分离性能的相关因素和壳聚糖再生的方法,并分析壳聚糖强化超滤工艺目前所存在的问题,对其发展进行了展望.