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1.
    
Water‐, low‐salt‐ and high‐salt‐soluble protein fractions from the abdominal muscles of Pandalus borealis, Penaeus japonicus and Penaeus monodon extracted immediately after death and after 5, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h (P borealis) or 16, 22, 43, 71 and 92 h (Penaeus spp) of ice‐storage were analysed by one‐ and two‐dimensional electrophoresis and immunological techniques. The most evident effect in P borealis was the decrease in the relative amount of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and a concomitant increase in the number and intensity of bands of molecular size about 100 kDa cross‐reacting with anti‐MHC antiserum. MHC degradation of P borealis was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of partially isolated native myosin. Other prominent features were the disappearance of bands of about 67 and 50 kDa after 24 h and the appearance of a band of slightly less than 50 kDa after 5 h of ice‐storage. These last bands showed the potential to be used as freshness markers. One spot tentatively identified as desmin did not suffer significant changes in any of the three species. Two bands (about 100 and 96 kDa) gave a positive reaction with the α‐actinin antibody in the zero‐time extract of P borealis, but after 24 h only one faint 96 kDa band was detected. In contrast, the extracts of P japonicus and P monodon did not suffer significant alterations during the examined period, and even after 92 h of ice‐storage only the 100 kDa anti‐α‐actinin cross‐reacting band was clearly visible in the high‐salt extract of P japonicus. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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为进一步认识蟹类的过敏原,采用免疫印迹方法,分析发现甲壳类过敏患者血清能与拟穴青蟹肌浆蛋白中分子质量约为21 kD的蛋白质产生特异的IgE结合反应,结果显示该蛋白可能是蟹类新型过敏原。通过硫酸铵盐析、阴离子交换和凝胶过滤柱层析等方法对21 kD-蛋白进行分离纯化,采用Western blotting和基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)确认纯化的21 kD-蛋白为肌质钙结合蛋白(sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein,SCP)。采用SMART-RACE(SwitchingMechanism At RNA Termini-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends)的方法获得SCP的cDNA序列,该序列全长986 bp,开放阅读框为579 bp,编码193 个氨基酸,其理论分子质量21.94 kD,等电点4.44。拟穴青蟹SCP与甲壳类动物SCP具有较高的同源性,与昆虫SCP的同源性较差;三级结构模拟分析显示,SCP含有5 个螺旋-转角-螺旋结构区,即EF-手型结构区,并在其中两个手型结构区形成2 个钙离子结合位点;进一步预测得到SCP的4 个线性抗原表位和3 个构象性抗原表位。  相似文献   

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为了研究过敏原基因的基本性质、探讨过敏的机理,对中国对虾过敏原基因的部分序列进行克隆、测序,并分析该基因的有效密码子,碱基组成、密码子的偏好性,以及过敏原蛋白的氨基酸组成等性质。结果表明:中国对虾过敏原的部分基因序列长为1034,共编码264 个氨基酸,密码子的偏好性强,不同海产动物过敏原基因的有效密码子及碱基含量有很大的相似性。从基因序列和氨基酸序列的角度看,中国对虾的过敏原蛋白与其他种类海产甲壳动物的过敏原蛋白具有很强的相似性,这可能是导致海产品过敏原蛋白活性交叉反应的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

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目的 探究天然肌质钙结合蛋白(sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein, SCP)的可替代物,为蟹类过敏原的检测提供基础材料,本研究首次利用毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris, P. pastoris)高效表达表达三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)重要过敏原SCP,并检验其免疫反应性。方法 根据毕赤酵母的密码子偏好性优化SCP基因并构建重组质粒。将其热激转化至P. pastoris GS115菌株后经遗传霉素(Geneticin, G418)筛选获得阳性高拷贝子。最后通过甲醇诱导表达重组SCP并结合免疫印记(Western blotting, WB)和间接酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)验证其免疫反应性。结果 SCP在P. pastoris GS115中实现了可溶性高效表达,其表观分子量约为28 kDa。在摇瓶水平下,最佳诱导条件为pH为6.0、每24 h添加1.0%(v/v)甲醇,于28℃发酵144 h,在此条件下,纯度为91.6%的SCP产量可达15 mg/L。WB和间接ELISA结果表明,重组SCP具有IgG结合能力。结论 毕赤酵母表达系统可以得到纯度较高且免疫反应性良好的重组SCP。本研究为SCP的理化研究及产业化应用奠定了基础,并有望促进特异性甲壳类过敏原检测的发展。  相似文献   

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BACKGROUND: Stability in simulated gastric fluid is supposed to be an important parameter for the estimation of food allergenicity. In the present study, the digestive stability of allergenic protein tropomyosin (TM) and other food proteins from Grass prawn and Pacific white shrimp in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) digestion assay system was investigated and comparatively studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), western blotting, and inhibition enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: In the SGF system, proteins such as actin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) were rapidly degraded within a short period of time, while TM was relatively resistant to pepsin digestion. In the SIF system, MHC was also easily decomposed, while TM and actin were resistant to digestion. Western blotting using a specific polyclonal antibody against TM indicated that the degradation pattern of shrimp TM by SGF and SIF was almost unaffected by the presence of other myofibrillar proteins. Further study by IgE immunoblotting and inhibition ELISA using sera from crustacean‐allergic patients indicated that IgE binding of TM was decreased. CONCLUSION: Proteinase digestion is effective in reducing IgE binding of shrimp TM. It is also of interest to notice that Pacific white shrimp TM had higher digestion stability than Grass prawn TM. However, Pacific white shrimp TM revealed enhanced IgE binding over that of TM from Grass prawn and thus it is possibly more allergenic. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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《食品科学》2024,46(2)
以凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)为原料;分离纯化和鉴定过敏原肌质钙结合蛋白(sarcoplasmic-calcium-binding protein;SCP);对其理化性质(免疫活性、热稳定性、pH值稳定性及消化稳定性)、二级结构和抗原表位进行研究。结果表明:采用蛋白粗提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、阴离子交换层析等步骤纯化得到的蛋白分子质量为21.6 kDa;经鉴定;该蛋白为凡纳滨对虾SCP;肽段覆盖率达93.26%。凡纳滨对虾SCP具有较强的免疫活性;在热处理温度≥65 ℃和强酸强碱条件下免疫活性减弱;SCP对肠液消化具有较强的稳定性;而对胃液消化稳定性较差。凡纳滨对虾SCP的二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规卷曲的相对含量分别为26%、16.9%、17.5%、39.6%。利用生物信息学工具结合免疫学技术最终预测识别出8 条凡纳滨对虾SCP抗原表位。  相似文献   

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The effects of different freeze–thaw cycles (0, 1, 3 and 5) on the physicochemical properties and microstructures of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) muscle were investigated. White shrimp had greater exudate loss and higher α-glucosidase (AG), as well as β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities, than did black tiger shrimp, especially when the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased (P < 0.05). The decreases in Ca2+-ATPase activity, sulfhydryl group content and protein solubility with concomitant increases in disulfide bond formation and surface hydrophobicity were more pronounced in white shrimp muscle, than in black tiger shrimp muscle, particularly after five cycles of freeze–thawing (P < 0.05). The shear force of both shrimps was decreased after five freeze–thaw cycles (P < 0.05). The microstructure study revealed that the muscle fibers were less attached, with the loss of Z-disks, after subjection to five freeze–thaw cycles. Therefore, the freeze–thawing process caused denaturation of proteins, cell disruption, as well as structural damage of muscle in both shrimps. White shrimp generally underwent physicochemical changes induced by the freeze–thawing process to a greater extent than did black tiger shrimp.  相似文献   

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采用酶法水解虾壳制备促钙吸收肽。通过单因素实验研究了pH、酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度和底物浓度对水解度和钙结合活性的影响。以钙结合量为主要指标,应用响应面分析法(RSM)进一步优化促钙吸收肽酶解工艺。结果表明:以碱性蛋白酶为试验用酶,最佳酶解条件为pH10.2,酶添加量4100 U/g,酶解时间5.5 h,酶解温度55℃,底物浓度10%。在此条件下水解度可达到16.33%±0.27%,钙结合量达(1.954±0.020) mg/mL。  相似文献   

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研究不同浓度的CaCl2注射或不同质量浓度的木瓜蛋白酶浸泡处理对云岭黑山羊股二头肌pH值、肉色、蒸煮损失、肌原纤维小片化指数、胶原蛋白、肌浆蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白降解的影响。结果表明:CaCl2注射或木瓜蛋白酶浸泡处理显著提高了肌原纤维小片化指数;0h和6h时对照组出现极限pH值,分别为6.75和6.15,而CaCl2处理组或木瓜蛋白酶处理组到达极限pH值时间为2h和24h,极限pH值分别为 6.83、6.29和6.90、5.89,SDS-PAGE分析显示CaCl2和木瓜蛋白酶促使羊肉肌肉中的肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白和连接蛋白发生降解。在0.3mol/L CaCl2或0.002g/100mL木瓜蛋白酶处理时,处理组的肌原纤维小片化指数和胶原蛋白的含量达到最大,蒸煮损失最小,表现出最佳的嫩化效果。  相似文献   

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目的:评价从虾壳中制取的蛋白水解物-柠檬酸钙复合钙粉(PHC-Ca)的生物利用率。方法:选择4周龄体重无显著性差异的SD大鼠60只,随机分为6组,在自由进食低钙饲料的基础上分别以PHC-Ca、碳酸钙(Ca CO3)、柠檬酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙以及虾壳细粉灌胃饲养,每日灌胃剂量为66.5 mg Ca/(kg·d)(以钙剂量及大鼠体重为计算指标)。喂养至4周末进行3 d代谢实验,测定钙表观吸收率、储存率。继续喂养至8周末,观察大鼠体格增长并测定血清碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素水平以及股骨相关指标。结果:低钙对照组大鼠各项体生长指标均显著低于除碳酸钙组外的其他组(p<0.05);PHC-Ca能显著提高大鼠钙表观吸收率、钙储存率,且能降低血清碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素水平(p<0.05);摄食PHC-Ca、葡萄糖酸钙的大鼠,其血清钙水平无显著性差异(p>0.05)且高于其他组;PHC-Ca组大鼠股骨钙、股骨长、股骨干重指标高于葡萄糖酸钙组、柠檬酸钙组、虾壳粉组(p<0.05)。结论:从虾壳中制取的PHC-Ca有促进钙吸收的效果,其生物利用率优于相同钙含量的柠檬酸钙以及虾壳粉,可作为一种良好的膳食钙补充剂。   相似文献   

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研究由虾加工副产物经过胰蛋白酶水解得到的多肽与氯化钙反应制备的钙肽结合物的理化性质。钙肽结合物中肽含量75.03 g/100g,钙含量11.56 g/100g,水分含量6.02 g/100g。温度对钙肽结合物的溶解度影响较小,在酸性或碱性条件下钙肽结合物溶解性很好,不溶于常见的有机溶剂。钙肽结合物的紫外、红外光谱均表明钙与肽之间形成了新的化学键。  相似文献   

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BACKGROUND: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sarcoplasmic proteins contain substantial transglutaminase (TGase) activity. The enzyme catalyzes the protein cross‐linking reaction, resulting in a more elastic gel. The objective was to investigate the gel‐enhancing effect of sarcoplasmic proteins from tilapia as related to TGase activity. RESULTS: Total TGase activity of sarcoplasmic proteins concentrate (SpC) increased about 3.6‐fold after ultrafiltration using 30 kDa membrane, but specific activity remained unchanged, indicating minimal TGase purification by ultrafiltration. Addition of 1 mg mL?1 SpC containing 40 units TGase activity induced cross‐linking of tilapia actomyosin, and the extent of cross‐linking increased with added level of SpC. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) and troponin were preferably cross‐linked by tilapia SpC, while actin and tropomyosin were not affected. Higher retention of MHC was observed concomitantly with greater content of cross‐linked protein when SpC was added to lizardfish surimi. Lizardfish surimi with 10 g kg?1 SpC added and pre‐incubated at 37 °C for 1 h exhibited 91.6% and 26.7% increase in breaking force and deformation, respectively, when compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS: Residual TGase activity in SpC played an important role in catalyzing the protein cross‐linking and enhancing actomyosin gelation. SpC could be a potential ingredient for improving textural properties of fish protein gel. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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为了比较大豆分离蛋白、南美白对虾肉及虾粉对大米-玉米-小麦混合粉挤压膨化性能的影响,首先测定了这三种添加原料的基本成分,然后测定膨化制品的膨胀度、体积密度、水溶性指数、吸水性指数、硬度、脆性;并通过SDSPAGE及红外光谱初步探索比较添加不同种类蛋白质对膨化制品性质的影响。研究结果显示,添加南美白对虾肉的膨化制品的膨胀度高于添加大豆分离蛋白及南美白对虾粉的膨化制品,而体积密度、硬度低于其他两种膨化制品;添加南美白对虾粉膨化制品的水溶性指数、吸水性指数高于其他两种膨化制品;蛋白质含量高会导致膨化制品膨胀度低,体积密度高,硬度高,孔隙壁厚;添加一定量大豆分离蛋白的膨化制品在25004000 cm-1红外光谱下吸收强度最高,且挤压膨化产生了更多的糖类羟基;添加新鲜的南美白对虾肉比另外两种蛋白质膨化制品效果好,且南美白对虾肉蛋白添加量为2%较为适宜。   相似文献   

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Isoflavone aglycone‐rich calcium‐binding soy protein hydrolysates were prepared by subcritical water treatment and subsequent protease hydrolysis. Contaminated β‐glucosidase in the Protease M preparation could effectively convert glycosides into aglycones. Compared with Alcalase hydrolysates, Protease M hydrolysates exhibited higher molecular weight (>5000 Da) and more hydrophobic characteristics because of its weaker proteolytic activity. The antioxidant activity of Protease M hydrolysates was obviously improved. Initial increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rate of Protease M hydrolysates may be ascribed to the conversion of isoflavones (<30 min) and a gradual release of antioxidant peptides. In the later hydrolysis, a gradual exposure of isoflavones involved in the interior of heat‐induced protein aggregates was mainly responsible for further improved antioxidant activities. Higher calcium‐binding capacity (up to 7.86%) with lower yield of peptide–calcium complex was observed for Protease M hydrolysates. These results could help researchers to develop a feasible protocol for producing nutrient‐enhanced soy protein hydrolysates.  相似文献   

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乳清蛋白酶解制备促钙离子吸收肽条件的优化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郭丽丽  潘道东 《食品科学》2008,29(5):332-336
采用胰蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白来制备促矿物元素吸收肽.通过甲醛滴定法来测定水解液的氨基氮含量;通过体外检测法来测定肽的持钙活性.结果表明:在水解液pH为8.0、底物浓度为7.0%、底物:酶为70:1、水解时间为100min、水解温度为45℃的条件下能得到氨基氮含量较高和活性最强的矿物元素结合肽.此条件下水解液中氨基氮含量为0.272mg/ml,产生的肽具有最强的体外持钙活性.  相似文献   

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