AZ91D 镁合金 Mo-Mn 无铬转化膜的制备与耐蚀性

目的通过Mo-Mn无铬转化膜提高AZ91D镁合金的表面耐蚀性。方法采用正交实验法,研究不同浓度的NaMoO4和KMnO4以及温度对转化膜的影响。优选实验参数后,考察时间对转化膜的影响。利用SEM及EDS研究转化膜的微观形貌及成分变化,测试转化膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线和交流阻抗谱。结果当NaMoO4和KMnO4的质量浓度分别为10,6 g/L,pH=5,温度为50℃,转化时间为40 min时,转化膜颜色较为均匀,微观裂纹相对较少,自腐蚀电位比镁基体大约提高0.075 V,自腐蚀电流密度比镁基体降低近1个数量级。当Na Mo O4和KMnO4的质量浓度分别为20,8 g/L,pH=5,温度为50℃,转化时间为40 min时,转化膜颜色最为均匀,微观裂纹相对最少,自腐蚀电位比镁基体提高大约0.047 V,自腐蚀电流密度比镁基体降低2个数量级。交流阻抗谱图显示,后一种转化膜试样的极化电阻为1450.2Ω,而镁基体的极化电阻为806.4Ω。结论 Mo-Mn无铬转化膜可以显著提高AZ91D镁合金的表面耐蚀性。     

Corrosion resistance of cerium‐based chemical conversion coatings on AA5083 aluminium alloy

In this paper the effect of several parameters, such as temperature, time of immersion, cerium ions and hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH of the conversion solution, on the composition and morphology of the conversion layer are investigated as well as on its corrosion resistance in chloride environments. The cerium‐based chemical conversion coatings ennobles the corrosion potential and inhibits both the cathodic and anodic reactions rate. Using a cerium (III) chloride solution a not homogeneous coating is obtained and agglomerates with a “dry‐mud” morphology of mixed cerium‐aluminium oxide are deposited above the cathodic intermetallic particles, while using a cerium (III) nitrate solution the coating is more uniform but thinner than that obtained with cerium (III) chloride. Solution temperature below 50°C and time of immersion of 10 minutes produces a coating with better corrosion resistance.     

LY12 Al合金铈转化膜的研究

确定了Al合金常温稀土(铈)化学转化膜工艺.并用电 化学法、扫描电镜研究了其成膜过程、耐蚀性,分析了化学成分和形貌.结果表明,工艺简 单,成膜速度快,耐蚀性好.添加剂有效促进了铈的转化处理.     

镁合金表面无铬化学转化处理液工艺参数最佳范围的研究

为了确定能获得性能优良转化膜的处理液的工艺参数最佳范围,研究了一种新型镁合金处理液的酸度比、pH值与转化膜质量的关系.试验表明:随着处理镁合金的表面积增加,处理液总酸度增加,游离酸度减小,处理液pH值与酸度比都增高.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析不同酸度比处理液处理所得的转化膜形貌可知:酸度比过高与过低的处理液都不能形成完整的转化膜,当处理液酸度比在8.2～9.4的范围内时,能够得到均匀完整的转化膜,72h的盐雾试验表明,酸度比在8.2～9.4范围内的处理液处理所得的转化膜的腐蚀面积较小.     

Effects of cathodic electrodeposition parameters of cerium oxide film on the corrosion resistance of the 2024 Al alloy

Cerium oxide thin films obtained by cathodic electrodeposition on 2024 aluminium alloy have been studied. The coatings, obtained with electrochemical deposition, offer an effective corrosion protection and require a lower deposition time when compared to chemical conversion coatings. The coatings were obtained at room temperature by deposition from CeCl₃/H₂O₂ aqueous solutions and the influence of several parameters (CeCl₃ concentration, H₂O₂ concentration, deposition time, current intensity) on the corrosion resistance was studied. The composition, morphology and microstructure of the films have been characterized by SEM, XPS and AFM. The corrosion resistance was investigated through potentiodynamic tests in 3% NaCl solution.     

AZ91镁合金表面电化学沉积羟基磷灰石涂层的制备及其耐蚀性

采用电化学沉积方法在AZ91镁合金表面制备了羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层,研究了电沉积工艺参数对羟基磷灰石涂层形貌和相组成的影响,并通过腐蚀浸泡试验、极化曲线测试等方法对该涂层的耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明:当溶液pH为4.5,温度为60℃时,涂层的致密性最好,呈放射状的结构,主要成分为HA相,涂层的厚度约为60~70μm,与基体结合较好;HA涂层对镁合金基体具有较好的保护作用,显著提高了基体合金在生理溶液中的耐蚀性。     

Microstructure and formation mechanism of Ce-based chemical conversion coating on 6063 Al alloy

In order to accelerate the conversion coating formation on 6063 Al alloy in the Ce(NO3)3 solution, accelerants of chloride and ammonium salt were used. The coating morphology, composition and structure were analyzed with SEM/EDS, EPMA, XPS and XRD. The coating morphology is influenced by the composition, pH value and temperature of the treating solution. The coating composed of metal oxide, metal hydroxide and hydrate appears to be amorphous. The elements in the coating are Al, Ce, O, Mn and Mg, while the Ce element exists in the forms of Ce3+ and Ce4+. The accelerant of chloride can increase the compactness and Ce content of the coating, so the coating corrosion resistance is remarkably improved. A scheme for the electrochemical reaction in the coating formation was proposed, and the potential change in the coating formation was also studied. It is found that chloride can shorten the time period of the first and the second stages in coating formation.     

镁合金表面植酸转化膜研究Ⅱ.pH值对镁合金植酸转化膜的影响

通过SEM观察、AES元素深度分析、成膜增重实验、动电位极化曲线和EIS电化学测试，研究了植酸处理液的pH值对AZ91D镁合金转化膜生长速度及耐蚀性的影响.结果表明：溶液在pH=8时，转化膜生长速度最快，膜层较厚，且完整，无碎裂；pH=12时，转化膜生长速度较慢，膜层较薄；pH=5时，转化膜生长速度最慢，有碎裂.当植酸溶液的pH值在5～12时，镁合金表面形成的转化膜均可提高其耐蚀性，且pH=8时形成的膜耐蚀性最好.     

镁锂合金表面锌锰磷化膜的制备与性能表征

采用化学转化法在镁锂合金表面制备了外观深灰色、结构均匀致密、耐蚀性能良好的锌锰磷酸盐转化膜,并研究了磷化温度对磷化膜性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪对膜层的表面形貌、化学组成及结构进行了表征。采用动电位极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)和腐蚀失重实验对磷化膜的耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明,锌锰磷化膜主要由Zn、Zn3(PO4)2、MnHPO4、Mn3(PO4)2组成。锌锰磷酸化膜起到了保护镁锂合金的作用,提高了镁锂合金的耐蚀性,当磷化温度为45℃时,磷化膜的腐蚀电流密度最低,腐蚀速率最小,耐蚀性能最好。     

温度对化学镀 Ni-P 合金层形貌、硬度及耐蚀性的影响

目的揭示在70~95℃施镀温度范围,Ni-P合金镀层显微形貌的变化规律,并探讨表面形貌结构、合金硬度及耐蚀性能的相关性。方法以施镀温度为变量,通过化学沉积的方法制备Ni-P合金镀层。对镀层表面形貌进行表征,测试镀层硬度,并采用盐酸为腐蚀介质进行浸泡,以相对腐蚀速率表征镀层的耐蚀性。结果在70~95℃的施镀温度范围内,随着温度升高,镀层形貌先趋于致密和平整,而后表面粗化,镀层的硬度和耐蚀性均呈现先提高、后降低的趋势。最佳镀层形貌和硬度值出现在85℃,耐蚀性最好的施镀温度区间为85~90℃。结论当镀液p H值为4.5±0.1,施镀时间为3 h时,施镀的最佳温度为85℃。此条件下制备的镀层表面平整且均匀致密,硬度高,耐蚀性能优异。     

pH值对AZ91D镁合金表面植酸转化膜的影响

在pH值不同的几种植酸转化液中对AZ91D镁合金进行表面转化处理,利用扫描电镜及自带能谱仪、Tafel曲线和阻抗谱等分析手段,结合NaCl水溶液点滴实验,研究了pH值对植酸转化膜表面成分及耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:在酸性条件下形成的植酸转化膜的耐蚀性较好;转化液的pH值会影响植酸螯合物的形成和转化膜的物质组成,进而影响转化膜的耐蚀性能;在酸性条件下,镁合金表面形成的植酸转化膜应属于电子导体膜,它阻碍了腐蚀介质与基体的接触,同时抑制腐蚀产物的扩散,对镁合金起到防护作用.     

铝合金无铬磷化处理

    研制一种不含铬的低温快速磷化液并用X射线衍射及能谱、扫描电镜、电化学等方法研究了游离酸度、温度和所含物质对其磷化效果的影响及磷化膜的晶相、形貌、耐蚀性.结果表明,该磷化液在35℃～45℃、5 min～8 min时,能在6061铝合金上形成一层致密均匀的磷化膜,膜重4 g/m²～6g/m²,作为油漆底层具有良好的应用前景.     

A chrome-free conversion coating for magnesium-lithium alloy by a phosphate-permanganate solution

A chrome-free conversion coating on magnesium-lithium alloy was obtained from a phosphate-permanganate solution. The morphology, the composition and the corrosion resistance of this coating were examined. The thin and non-penetrating cracked morphology with some deposits existed on the phosphate-permanganate conversion coating. The main elements of the conversion coating were Mg, O, K, P and Mn. The results of the electrochemical measurements and the immersion tests demonstrated that the corrosion resistance of the magnesium-lithium alloy has been improved by the phosphate-permanganate conversion treatment.     

脉冲换向电刷镀镍基纳米SiO2复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能研究

采用脉冲换向电刷镀方法制备了Ni/n-SiO2复合镀层,应用SEM对镀层表面形貌进行了分析,测试了镀层的孔隙率,以及镀层在海水浸泡条件下的耐腐蚀性能,讨论了镀层的耐腐蚀机理.实验结果表明:与直流工艺条件下的电刷镀镀层相比,脉冲换向电刷镀工艺得到的Ni/n-SiO2复合镀层具有致密精细的表面、较小的孔隙率和较高的耐腐蚀性能.     

Generation of nanostructured CuO by electrochemical method and its Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films for corrosion protection

Nanocrystalline copper oxide (CuO) powder of varying sizes (22, 25, 28 and 36 nm) have been successfully synthesized by hybrid electrochemical method using aqueous sodium nitrate electrolyte with Cu electrodes under galvanostatic mode at room temperature. The as‐synthesized CuO sample was calcined for an hour at temperatures ranging from 60 to 900 °C. The crystallite size, morphology, and chemical state of the synthesized powders were characterized by powder XRD, XPS, SEM/EDAX, TEM, and UV–Vis spectral methods. The effect of calcination temperature on crystallite size and morphology was studied. The TEM result revealed that, the particles are hexagonal and the sizes are in 30–50 nm in diameter and 120–200 nm in length. The band gap values are 5.60 and 5.54 eV. The crystallite size increased with increase of calcination temperature. The CuO nanopowder is used to fabricate Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films and its corrosion behaviour was analysed by Tafel extrapolation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films provided good corrosion protection.     

用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究环氧树脂涂层的防腐蚀性能

测试了环氧树脂/钢体系在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学阻抗谱,并结合激光拉曼光谱测量和扫描电镜观察,系统地研究了有机涂层/金属体系性能与失效过程。重点在于涂层内部腐蚀性介质的传输以及涂层/金属界面发生的变化。结果表明:浸泡初期阻抗减小,中期阻抗增大,后期阻抗又减小,这与界面处生成的腐蚀产物膜有关。随着涂层在电解质溶液中浸泡时间的延长,涂层中Cl-浓度增加,破坏了界面处的腐蚀产物膜。     

pH对Az31B镁合金植酸转化膜的影响研究

采用析氢实验及Tafel极化曲线研究了AZ31B镁合金在不同pH植酸溶液中成膜时的反应速率和转化膜的防腐性能,并用SEM,AFM,EDS.FTIR观察和检定转化膜形貌、元素组成及官能团构成.结果表明溶液的pH=1时,植酸与镁合金的反应剧烈,转化膜有大量的裂纹;pH=4和pH=6时.反应速率很慢,成膜均匀并较少裂纹,但转化膜较薄;pH=2时,反应速率较为和缓.转化膜表面较为平整.有呈网格状结构的大量细小裂纹.此时,所形成的植酸转化膜具有最佳的防腐性能.此外.植酸转化膜由较薄的内层及具有一定裂纹的外层所组成,转化膜含有Mg.Al,zn,C.O.P元素及PO_4~-3,HPO_4~2-.OH~-基团.     

Influence of pH value on chromate-free conversion coating for magnesium alloys

Many factors were found to have effects on the conversion coatings for AZ31 alloy, alloy the most important one in producing high quality conversion coatings is found to be the control of the pH value. The influence of pH value on the conversion coating including color, thickness, adhesion and surface morphology was studied. The performance of conversion coating was examined by cross cut test, SEM method and salt immersion. The results show that the variation ofpH value causes surface treatment process unstably. The conversion coating can obtain as pH value ranging from 3.0 to 5.0, while it presents dark, thick and bad adhesion under lower pH value. The conversion coatings have good combination of thickness and adhesion when pH value ranging from 4.0 to 4.5, and it exhibits a good corrosion resistance.     

铝合金PEO涂层表面原位制备Mg-Al LDH膜及其耐蚀性能研究

目的优化Mg-Al LDH/MAO涂层的制备工艺,提高铝合金的耐蚀性。方法将微弧氧化样置于不同pH溶液中,在不同反应时间和反应温度下,采用原位生长法在2024铝合金表面制备层间含NO3^–的MgAl-LDHs/MAO复合涂层。借用SEM、EDS、XRD研究LDH/MAO的微观组织结构,并利用电化学法表征MgAl-LDH/MAO复合涂层试样的腐蚀行为,揭示复合涂层的耐蚀机理以及最优异的工艺条件。结果pH值为6和7的溶液制备出的涂层,生成了少量的LDHs,多数集中在孔洞附近,且生长不完全。相比之下,pH值为9的溶液制备出的涂层生成的片状水滑石更多,且较均匀,腐蚀电流较低,腐蚀电位较高。反应时间为12 h时,生成的水滑石较少,只有部分孔洞处会看到一些;反应时间为24 h和48 h制得的合金形貌相差不大,水滑石皆明显多于12 h的样品,且更加均匀。反应温度为180℃和220℃的合金形成的LDHs较多、较均匀,且生长较好,呈现很明显的片状结构。结论弱碱的制备环境、反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长,促进了水滑石的生成,所得Mg-Al LDH/MAO复合涂层有效地改善了2024铝合金的耐蚀性。     

汽车轮毂用铝合金表面镍镀层的耐蚀性能研究

在汽车轮毂用的铝合金表面上电镀镍。研究镀液pH值、电流密度、镀液温度等因素对镀层耐蚀性能的影响。用线性扫描伏安法研究镍镀层在3.50%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能,用SEM和XRD表征了镍镀层的形貌和结构。结果表明,电镀的最佳工艺条件为:镀液pH为4.2,电流密度为30mA/cm2,镀液温度为58℃;在该条件下获得的镍镀层有很好的耐蚀性能,其结构为立方晶系。