2-甲基吡嗪氨氧化制2-氰基吡嗪研究

作者以CP - 2负载型催化剂 ,进行了 2 甲基吡嗪直接氨氧化制 2 氰基吡嗪的研究。确定了最佳工艺条件为温度 4 30℃、反应配比n(2 甲基吡嗪 )∶n(氨 )∶n(氧 )∶n(水 ) =1∶(10～ 15 )∶2∶5、液体空速 0 15～ 0 3h-1,反应转化率约为 10 0 % ,2 氰基吡嗪选择性 80 % ,并进行了催化剂30 0h的稳定性试验 ,产品选择性在 73%以上。     

氧化钙-二氧化碳循环系统脱碳的分析研究

采用燃料氧燃烧直接供热的氧化钙-二氧化碳双床循环系统已经被研究开发,用于从电厂尾气中脱碳。本研究基于实验和化学反应工程原理建立了分析模型,用于系统地研究循环特征,氧化钙活性衰减,燃料及其炉内热利用率的影响。基于模型推导获得了重要参数:最小循环热损失和最小热需求量,以及对应的固体循环比。它们都受供热燃料灰分和含硫量的影响,也受脱碳率的影响。显然最佳固体循环比介于二者之间。另一个重要参数是燃料在炉内的热利用率。高的热利用率不仅降低燃料需求量,降低其灰分和含硫的影响,降低氧的需求量及其辅助功,而且提高蒸汽循环的发电效率。一个发现是热需求量在临界固体循环比接近无穷大,这就限制了固体循环比的可操作范围, 以及燃料的灰分和含硫量。建立的分析模型和推导直接提供了这些变量之间的关系和范围。     

Li2O-CaO吸附剂吸附CO2的性能

采用机械混合法制备了Li2O-CaO吸附剂,在固定床管式反应器中研究了Li2O-CaO吸附剂的吸附性能,考察了吸附温度、空速及吸附剂粒径对静吸附容量的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件,采用XRD和SEM对改进的钙基吸附剂进行了表征。结果表明,Li2O-CaO吸附剂对CO2有较好的吸附能力,在吸附温度600℃、空速8min-1、吸附剂粒径60～80目(0.18～0.28 mm)的条件下,静吸附容量达到了17.3891 mol/kg。     

PTT用硅胶负载型TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂的制备

以硅胶为载体,采用浸渍法制备了硅胶负载型TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂,考察了焙烧方式、钛负载量、加水量、钛硅比对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:当w(Ti)为5%,实际加水量与理论加水量(以钛酸四丁酯为准)的摩尔比为5∶1,n(Ti)∶n(Si)为12∶1,400℃焙烧4 h时,制备的催化剂的催化效果最好。用其制备的聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)的特性黏度最高,为0.856 0 d L/g。采用经马弗炉处理的催化剂制备的PTT色相更好。     

TiO_2-SiO_2/ZrO_2催化剂的制备及催化燃烧甲苯性能

以ZrO2为载体,制备出TiO2-SiO2/ZrO2催化剂,用XRD和SEM对其进行表征;并将催化剂用于甲苯的催化燃烧,探讨了温度、气流速率、进气浓度等因素对甲苯催化效率和反应产物CO、CO2选择性的影响。结果表明:催化剂中的TiO2呈锐钛矿晶型,催化剂颗粒成功负载于ZrO2表面;随着温度升高,甲苯催化效率增大,350℃时能达到最大值100%,CO2选择性随之增大,但CO选择性却减少;气流速率增大导致甲苯催化效率增大,CO选择性稍稍增大,而CO2选择性减小;进气浓度从25 mg/L增加到100 mg/L时,甲苯催化效率逐渐减小,CO2选择性减小,CO选择性稍有增大。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化应用条件

采用自制的纳米TiO2粉体作光催化剂,以甲基橙模拟有机污染物,研究了光照时间、催化剂用量、被降解物浓度、系统酸度等对其光催化性能的影响。结果表明：降解某一物质时,不同光催化剂,有一个降解速率最大的时间;在每一个降解的过程中催化剂有一个合适的用量;在弱酸性条件（pH=3）,甲基橙降解效果比较好;被降解物的浓度选取合适,降解率最高。     

Simultaneous utilization of electro-generated O2 and H2 for H2O2 production: An upgrade of the Pd-catalytic electro-Fenton process for pollutants degradation

The Electro-Fenton (EF) process is one of the promising advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for environmental remediation. The H₂O₂ yield of EF process largely determines its performance on organic pollutants degradation. Conventional Pd-catalytic EF process generates H₂O₂ via the combination reaction of anodic O₂ and cathodic H₂. However, the relatively expensive catalyst limits its application. Herein, a hybrid Pd/activated carbon (Pd/AC)-stainless steel mesh (SS) cathode (PACSS) was proposed, which enables more efficient H₂O₂ generation. It utilizes AC, the support of Pd catalyst, as part of cathode for H₂O₂ generation via 2-electron anodic O₂ reduction, and SS serve as a current distributor. Moreover, H₂O₂ could be catalytically decomposed upon AC to generate highly reactive ·OH, which avoids the use of Fe²⁺. Compared with conventional Pd catalyst, H₂O₂ concentration obtained by PACSS cathode is 248.2% higher, the O₂ utilization efficiency was also increased from 3.2% to 10.8%. Within 50 min, 26.3%, 72.5%, and 94.0% H₂O₂ was decomposed by Pd, AC, and Pd/AC. Fluorescence detection results implied that Pd/AC is effective upon H₂O₂ activation for OH generation. Finally, iron-free EF process enabled by PACSS cathode was examined to be effective for reactive blue 19 (RB19) degradation. After continuous running for 10 cycles (500 min), the PACSS cathode was still stable for H₂O₂ generation, H₂O₂ activation, and RB19 degradation, showing its potential application for organic pollutants degradation without increase in the running cost.     

用于化妆品的SiO2/TiO2复合微球的制备及表征

通过溶胶凝胶法在微米级的二氧化硅(SiO2)微球上包覆一层纳米级的二氧化钛(TiO2)粒子,将制备出的复合微粒表面接枝聚合改性,改性前后的复合颗粒用FT-IR、XRD表征,并用扫描电镜观察了微粒的形貌,用紫外分光光度计扫描了添加改性后复合微粒的自制防晒液的紫外吸收谱图,发现经复合后的纳米TiO2粒子的分散性能得到明显改善,复合处理后TiO2粒子的紫外吸收能力较纯TiO2增强80%,且光催化能力得到很大抑制,TiO2作为防晒剂安全性能大大提高,并讨论了该复合粒子在化妆品中的应用。     

Z-2-碘-2-丁烯甲烷酸酯的新合成方法

设计了一种合成标题化合物的新方法,以Z-2-碘-2-丁烯醛为起始原料,通过碘代、还原和酯化合成出了目标产物,总收率81.1%.产品的结构经1HNMR、高分辨质谱确证.     

甲醇完全氧化MnO2-CeO2催化剂的研制

通过共沉淀法制备了一种MnO2-CeO2复合氧化物甲醇完全氧化催化剂,该催化剂适用于将空气中的甲醇完全催化氧化。考察了反应温度、空速、进口甲醇含量、进口氧含量、相对湿度等条件对该催化剂氧化性能的影响。实验结果表明,该催化剂在210℃即可将甲醇完全氧化,且抗进口甲醇含量和进口氧气含量波动影响能力强。相对湿度≤80％时,对甲醇完全氧化能力无影响;相对湿度进一步增加,会导致甲醇转化率急剧下降。     

吡啶改性Pd/SiO2催化剂用于H2和O2直接合成H2O2

引言过氧化氢(H2O2)是一种理想的绿色氧化剂,广泛应用于化学品合成、纺织、造纸、环保、食品、医药、冶金和农业等领域[1]。目前,蒽醌法[2-5]是工业上生产H2O2的主要方法。20世纪40年代,德国I.G.Farbenindustrie首先采用蒽醌法(又称Riedl-Pfleiderer法)工业化生产过氧化氢。该方法首先将2-烷基蒽醌(通常是2-乙基蒽醌)溶解于合适的有机溶剂中,溶液中的2-烷基蒽醌经催化剂催化加氢,被还原成蒽氢醌或5,6,7,8-四氢蒽氢醌,再经空气氧化得到蒽醌或四氢蒽醌和     

笑气-乙炔焰原子吸收光谱法测定氟石中氧化铝

报道了用笑气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定氟石中氧化铝。试样经氢氟酸处理、高氯酸冒烟后,加入盐酸和硼酸温热溶解残渣。用富燃笑气乙炔焰在分析线A1309.3 nm处,测定铝的吸光度。试验了溶样酸和酸度、硼酸、基体钙及共存元素对测定的影响。校准用的标准溶液系列中加入相同量的钙和硼酸作基体匹配。方法回收率96%~105%。本方法准确度、精密度满足商品检验的要求,已用于出口氟石的检验。     

用于SO2氧化的V2O5-K2SO4/硅藻土工业催化剂失活原因探讨

本文采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原（TPR）及BET法比表面测定和扫描电镜（SEM）等手段,对两批用于SO₂工业氧化的V₂O₅-K₂SO₄/硅藻土催化剂(A和B)的物相结构、催化活性和比表面等进行了对比研究,探讨了催化剂B在工业生产中快速失活的原因。     

2-甲基-2-硝基丙胺合成方法的改进

以对甲苯磺酸(2-甲基-2-硝基)丙酯为原料,首先与Na N3发生叠氮化反应生成2-甲基-2-硝基叠氮丙烷,并通过对叠氮化反应条件进行工艺优化,从而获得目标化合物,将文献收率31%提高到88.6%。接着利用亚磷酸三甲酯代替三苯基膦发生施陶丁格反应,并用盐酸代替氢氧化钠进行水解制得2-甲基-2-硝基丙胺盐酸盐,通过中和游离出2-甲基-2-硝基丙胺化合物,收率达90.1%,该反应过程简单,收率较高,成本低,适合大规模生产。     

TiO2/SiO2的制备及其对茜素红溶液的降解动力学

以钛酸四丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为前驱体，冰醋酸为水解抑制剂，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂/SiO₂复合物。X射线衍射和红外光谱等表征结果表明，纳米TiO₂/SiO₂粒子焙烧后主要以锐钛型存在，有Ti—O—Si键产生。在实验浓度范围，光催化降解茜素红反应符合一级动力学规律，采用半衰期法确定反应级数为0.82。     

High selectivity of TiC-CDC for CO2/N2 separation

A series of carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have been prepared starting from TiC and using different chlorine treatment temperatures (500–1200 °C). Contrary to N₂ adsorption measurements at −196 °C, CO₂ adsorption measurements at room temperature and high pressure (up to 1 MPa) together with immersion calorimetry measurements into dichloromethane suggest that the synthesized CDC exhibit a similar porous structure, in terms of narrow pore volume, independently of the temperature of the reactive extraction treatment used (samples synthesized below 1000 °C). Apparently, these carbide-derived carbons exhibit narrow constrictions were CO₂ adsorption under standard conditions (0 °C and atmospheric pressure) is kinetically restricted. The same accounts for a slightly larger molecule as N₂ at a lower adsorption temperature (−196 °C), i.e. textural parameters obtained from N₂ adsorption measurements on CDC must be underestimated. Furthermore, here we show experimentally that nitrogen exhibits an unusual behavior, poor affinity, on these carbide-derived carbons. CH₄ with a slightly larger diameter (0.39 nm) is able to partially access the inner porous structure whereas N₂, with a slightly smaller diameter (0.36 nm), does not. Consequently, these CDC can be envisaged as excellent sorbent for selective CO₂ capture in flue-gas streams.     

2D/2D SnS2/MoS2 layered heterojunction for enhanced supercapacitor performance

Two-dimensional (2D) SnS₂/MoS₂ heterojunction with a 2D/2D novel structure was used as electrode material for enhanced supercapacitor performance. Compared with the sole SnS₂, the as-prepared 2D/2D SnS₂/MoS₂ layered heterojunction has exhibited great improvement in supercapacitor properties. This novel structure can effectively prevent agglomeration and stacking in electrochemical process, and 2D/2D structure is beneficial to intercalation and desorption of ions in electrochemical processes. The experiment result shows that MoSn₅ (samples with 5% MoSn5 mole ratios) display a specific capacitance of 466.6 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g in 0.5 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution, an impressive cycling stability with 88.2% capacitance retention at current density of 4 A/g. In addition, the as-fabricated symmetric supercapacitor exhibited high energy density of 115 Wh kg⁻¹ at the power density of 2230 Wh kg⁻¹. This work provides a fundamental investigation of 2D/2D layered material synergistic effect on the electrochemical process.