定向凝固Ni_(47)Mn_(32)Ga_(21)多晶合金的结构、相变及磁特性

采用定向凝固方法制备了Ni47Mn32Ga21多晶合金,通过XRD谱和金相照片研究合金的结构,通过对合金磁化强度与温度关系、电阻与温度关系、磁化曲线和磁感生应变曲线的测量分析,研究了合金的相变、磁化特性及磁感生应变特性。结果表明:Ni47Mn32Ga21合金在室温(298K)时为四方结构马氏体相,晶格参数a=b=0.593 8 nm,c=0.553 1 nm。合金的马氏体相变起始温度Ms和终止温度Mf分别为309 K和295 K,逆马氏体相变起始温度As与终止温度Af分别为306 K和319 K,居里温度TC为365 K。室温无压力下,Ni47Mn32Ga21合金有较好的双向可恢复磁感生应变,其饱和磁感生应变值达到-700×10-6。     

定向生长Ni50-xMn29+xGa21(x=0~4)合金的相变与磁感生应变

采用定向凝固方法制备Ni50-xMn29+xGa21(x=0~4)系列多晶合金,并研究合金组分对马氏体相变温度和磁性能的影响。结果表明,当x≤3时,合金的马氏体相变温度Ms随着x的增大而升高,而马氏体相变滞后ΔT随x的增大而减小;当x=3时,Ms升高到309.6 K,居里温度Tc为360 K;但是随着合金中Mn继续替代Ni,即x=4时,Ms降低到283.2 K,Tc为362 K。室温下测量Ni47Mn32Ga21样品的磁感生应变,无应力下其饱和磁感生应变值达到了–700×10-6,对应的磁场强度为4.5×105 A/m     

磁性形状记忆合金Ni54Mn21Ga24.75Sm0.25的马氏体相变研究

本文通过内耗和交流磁化率,研究了多晶合金Ni54Mn21Ga25的马氏体相变特征,分析了稀土元素Sm对合金中间马氏体相变影响。研究结果表明,添加Sm使合金Ni54Mn21Ga24的马氏体相变温度提高到室温以上,并且降低了合金的温度滞后,在低磁场下Sm对合金磁感生应变影响不大。     

哈斯勒合金Ni_(46)Cu_4Mn_(38)Sn_(12)的相变应变与磁感生应变

通过结构、磁性以及应变测量,研究哈斯勒合金Ni46Cu4Mn38Sn12在马氏体相变过程中的相变应变与磁感生应变。结果表明:样品在马氏体相变过程中表现出一个接近0.12%的相变应变,几乎是目前研究所报道的三元哈斯勒合金Ni-Mn-Sn相变应变的3倍;此外,在等温条件下,通过外加磁场的诱导,获得了该样品在反马氏体相变起始温度点(284 K)的一个大的磁感生应变,这种行为可归结为马氏体与奥氏体相之间界面的磁弹耦合。     

单晶Ni52Mn16．4Fe8Ga23．6的磁控形状记忆效应和磁感生应变

用磁悬浮冷坩埚提拉设备沿[001]方向生长了组分为Ni52Mn16.4Fe8Ga23.6的单晶,通过磁增强相变应变和磁感生应变的测量研究了该材料磁控形状记忆效应和磁感生应变的温度稳定性。结果发现该材料不但具有大的自发相变应变、磁增强相变应变和磁感生应变,而且磁感生应变具有很好的温度稳定性,从265K到100K,饱和磁感生应变的最大减小量不超过10％。另外,实验也发现磁感生应变量最大的方向是沿晶体母相的[001]方向(即单晶生长方向)。根据合金形状记忆的特点和磁场诱导应变的机理对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。     

Ni_（56）Mn_（25-x）Cr_xGa_（19）（x=0,2,4,6）高温形状记忆合金

详细地研究了Ni56Mn25-xCrxGa19（x=0,2,4,6）合金的微观组织结构、马氏体相变特性、力学性能及形状记忆效应。结果表明：当x=0时,合金呈现出单一的四方结构马氏体相;当x≥2时,合金的微观组织为包含马氏体相和γ相的双相结构;随着Cr元素的增加,合金的马氏体相变温度逐渐降低,其峰值温度从x=0时的401℃降低到x=6时的197℃。热轧和拉伸试验表明：通过添加Cr元素在合金微观组织中引入γ相可有效地提高合金的热加工性能和塑性,x≥4的合金可通过常规热轧得到表面状态良好的1mm厚的片材,合金的拉伸应力和应变在x=4和6时分别为497MPa,8%和454MPa,5.5%;x=4的合金在残余应变为4.5%时可得到2.7%的形状记忆回复,而x=6的合金在残余应变为3.5%时的可回复应变为1.9%。     

Ni50Mn27Ga23快淬薄带的马氏体相变和磁感生应变

采用快淬技术制各了非化学计量成分的Ni50Mn27Ga23多晶薄带，对快淬薄带的马氏体相变和磁感生应变进行了研究。结果表明，快淬薄带侄冷却和加热过程中仍然发牛热弹性马氏体相变及逆相变，具有典型的热弹性形状记忆效应，并且比铸态合金具有更大的应变，但是马氏体相变温度下降。快淬工艺在合金内部引入特定的内应力，使薄带形成织构，是合金获得更大相变应变和磁感卞应变的原因。热处理后，内应力大大降低，导致磁感牛应变降低。     

Ni_(50-x)Co_xMn_(39)Sn_(11)(x=0,2,4,6)Heusler合金的马氏体相变和应变行为研究

通过结构和磁性测量,研究了Ni50-xCoxMn39Sn11(x=0,2,4,6)Heusler合金的晶体结构、相变和磁性.结果表明,随Co含量增加,该系列合金的马氏体相变温度明显下降,而Curie温度却呈现出上升的趋势,并在室温下展现出不同的晶体结构.同时,Co含量的增加导致样品在奥氏体相的磁性迅速增加,而马氏体相的磁性却几乎保持不变,显著地提高了2相之间的磁化强度差异(ΔM).特别是当Co含量增加到x=4时,2相之间的ΔM达到40 Am2/kg,并表现出磁场驱动马氏体相变的特征.此外,还研究了Ni50-xCoxMn39Sn11(x=0,2,4)样品在马氏体相变过程中的应变行为.其中,x=4样品的相变应变量达到了0.17%,通过3 T的磁场循环,该样品在215~235 K的温度范围均显示出可回复磁感生应变.这种可回复的应变行为可归因于样品中的部分马氏体相变可由等温磁场驱动.     

Ni52Mn23+xSn25-x(x=0,1,2)合金的磁性

利用X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计研究了Ni52Mn23 xSn25-x(x=0,1,2)合金的结构和磁性.结果表明,合金为铁磁性形状记忆合金.奥氏体具有强的铁磁性,而马氏体表现为顺磁或反铁磁性.磁化曲线表现出明显的磁场诱导马氏体相变行为.Sn含量对居里温度影响十分显著,而对马氏体相变温度影响很小.合金马氏体相变过程的温度范围很窄,约在5K以内.     

304不锈钢应变诱发相变对化学成分敏感性的研究

借助于X射线衍射技术,研究了304亚稳奥氏体不锈钢应变诱发马氏体相变倾向对化学成分的敏感性。液氮温度拉伸结果表明:C、Mn、Cr和Ni从标准范围的上限变化到下限,马氏体相变倾向显著增大,加工硬化明显提高。应变诱发α′马氏体相变倾向对C、Mn、Cr和Ni含量很敏感,要控制马氏体相变的发生,可通过优化C、Mn、Cr和Ni含量来实现。     

Martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of Ti-doped NiCoMnSn shape memory alloy

Martensitic transformation, microstructure, and magnetic properties of Ti-doped Ni43-xTixCo7Mn43Sn7（at%）（x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0） shape memory alloys were investigated. The results show that transformation temperatures of Ni43Co7Mn43Sn7 can be efficiently adjusted by the substitution of Ti for Ni. For example, the martensitic transformation starting temperature（Ms） is reduced by about 278 K with 4 at% addition of Ti. Room temperature microstructure evolves from single tetragonal martensite for the Ti-free alloy to dual phases（tetragonal martensite ＋ second phase） with 0.5 at%, 1.0 at%, and2.0 at% addition of Ti to dual phases（cubic austenite ＋ second phase） for 4.0 at% Ti-doped alloy. The mechanical properties can be obviously improved by adding an appropriate amount of Ti. A noteworthy point is that magnetic-field-induced reverse transformation is observed in Ni39Ti4Co7Mn43Sn7 alloy.     

Composition dependence on the martensitic structures of the Mn-rich NiMnGa alloys

The Mn-rich Ni₅₀Mn_25+xGa_25−x (x=0–5) alloys were developed to investigate the structural transitions and magnetic properties. Structural transitions from austenite to 5M, 7M, and non-modulated martensite were observed with the increase of Mn content. The lattice parameter a elongates, as where b and c contract, and the unit cell volume reduces with increasing Mn content. The martensitic transformation start temperatures M_s increase monotonically from 10.7 °C for x=2 to 102.7 °C for x=5. The saturation magnetization was measured at 5 K, where all the samples exhibit a martensitic structure. The average magnetic moments per Mn atom vary from 4.38 μ_B to 2.93 μ_B for x=0 to x=5. The negative effect of excess Mn atoms changes from −3.00 μ_B for x=2 to −7.25 μ_B for x=5. The excess Mn atoms modify the electronic structures of the unsubstituted Mn atoms, resulting in the sharp decrease of the magnetic moments of the unsubstituted Mn atoms with increasing Mn content. Structural incommensurability was observed with 7M for powder and non-modulated for bulk samper in a specific range of compositions and proved to be reversible when performing martensitic transformation. The 7M and non-modulated martensites Ni₅₀Mn₃₀Ga₂₀ possess similar saturation magnetizations and Curie temperatures. The non-modulated martensite was estimated to have a lower free energy than 7M, and should be more stable for a reverse martensitic transformation, leading to a higher austenite start temperature A_s, which is consistent with the experimental result.     

S-N fatigue behavior of Fe25Mn steel and its weld at 298 and 110 K

The S-N fatigue behavior of newly developed Fe25Mn steel, including base metal and butt-welded joint, was investigated at 298 and 110 K, and the results were compared to those of previously reported Fe16Mn2Al and STS304L steels. Fe25Mn steel has quite promising fatigue performance at 298 K and even at 110 K, showing comparable resistance to fatigue to STS304L. The S-N fatigue behavior of Fe25Mn steel was dependent on tensile strength at 298 and 110 K, the trend of which well agreed to that of other austenitic steels. The electron backscatter diffraction and micrographic analyses suggested that transformation induced plasticity and twinning induced plasticity effects did not occur in Fe25Mn steel under fatigue loading at room and cryogenic temperatures. The butt-welded Fe25Mn/Fe25Mn and Fe25Mn/STS304L specimens also showed a satisfactory fatigue behavior which was even comparable to that of STS304L/STS304L specimen at 110 K. The S-N fatigue behavior of Fe25Mn steel and its welds was discussed based on the fractographic and microscopic observations.     

Direct measurement of large reversible magnetic-field-induced strain in Ni–Co–Mn–In metamagnetic shape memory alloys

Direct measurements of reversible magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS) on a single crystalline Ni₄₅Co₅Mn_36.5In_13.5 metamagnetic shape memory alloy were attained via magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation under different stress levels and at various temperatures. This was achieved using a custom-designed micro-magneto-thermo-mechanical testing system capable of applying constant stress while measuring strain and magnetization simultaneously on the samples, which can fit into conventional superconducting magnets. MFIS levels are reported as a function of temperature, magnetic field and external bias stress. It was necessary to apply an external bias stress in these materials to detect a notable MFIS because a magnetic field does not favor a specific martensite variant resulting in no shape change even though magnetic field leads to reversible martensitic transformation. Fully recoverable transformation strains up to 3.10% were detected under repeated field applications in the presence of different compressive stress levels up to 125 MPa. The bias stress opposes the field-induced martensite-to-austenite phase transformation and causes the critical field for the transformation to increase at a given temperature in accordance with the Clausius Clapeyron relationship. The effect of the bias stress on the kinetic arrest of austenite is also explored.     

Mn含量对Mn基Heusler合金磁及磁热性能影响

选用Mn基Heusler合金为研究对象。通过电弧熔炼和热处理制备样品,并用甩带法制成薄带形状。采用X射线衍射仪和振动样品磁强计等分析仪器测试了样品的晶体结构、磁及磁热性能,分析了Mn含量对材料晶体结构、磁和磁热性能的影响。研究发现,Mn2-xSn0.5Ga0.5合金在常温下为六方结构,在室温附近仅发生一次二阶磁性转变,无明显磁滞和热滞。居里温度和饱和磁化强度对Mn含量非常敏感,随着Mn含量升高,居里温度和饱和磁化强度均出现下降,由Mn1.2Sn0.5Ga0.5的304 K和64.1 emu/g分别降至Mn2Sn0.5Ga0.5的262 K和46.7 emu/g,这表明合金中的磁矩呈亚铁磁形态分布。由于没有磁滞和热滞,室温附近较大的工作温度区间,因此,该材料在磁制冷领域具有很好的应用前景。     

Magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformations in Ni47 − x Mn42 + x In11 alloys (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2)

Magnetic properties and martensitic transformations in the Ni_{47 ? x} Mn_{42 + x} In₁₁ alloys (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2) have been studied. The magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation was found to be observed for all the alloys. The critical temperatures of magnetic and structural phase transformations, temperature dependences of spontaneous magnetization of austenite and martensite, and the critical field, at which the martensitic transformation occurs, have been determined based on magnetic measurements performed for the alloys under study. The spontaneous magnetization of the alloys in the martensitic state has been shown to be lower than that in the magnetic-field-induced austenitic state by a factor of six.