PEO改性纳米TiO2/LDPE复合薄膜的光降解性能

以聚氧乙烯(PEO)改性纳米TiO2颗粒作为光催化剂,与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)树脂复合制备了一种新型可光催化降解的TiO2/LDPE纳米复合薄膜,进行了该薄膜在空气中紫外光照下的光催化降解实验。通过表面接触角、失重率、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析技术系统地研究了该复合薄膜的降解性能。结果表明,PEO的加入能提高薄膜的亲水性和TiO2的分散性,提高TiO2的光催化活性,有利于促进LDPE薄膜的降解。TiO2/PEO/LDPE复合薄膜在0.8mW/cm2紫外光强下照射425h,失重率达到15.2%;在4mW/cm2紫外光强下照射500h,失重率达到38.1%。光照后薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率显著降低,羰基指数升高。     

TiO_2-g-PAA/LDPE复合薄膜的光氧化-生物降解性能EI北大核心CSCD

以聚丙烯酸(PAA)接枝改性的纳米TiO2作为光催化助氧化剂,与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)复合制备了一种可光氧化-生物降解的TiO2-g-PAA/LDPE复合薄膜。通过失重率、红外光谱、扫描电镜、高温凝胶渗透色谱等分析研究了该复合薄膜在空气中紫外光照下的光氧化性能,并对预氧化降解后的薄膜进行了微生物的降解实验。结果表明,PAA接枝改性可以提高TiO2在薄膜内部的亲水性及分散性,提高TiO2的光催化活性,有利于促进LDPE薄膜的光氧化-生物降解;扫描电镜结果显示,TiO2-g-PAA/LDPE复合薄膜光催化反应不但发生在薄膜的表面,而且能够发生在薄膜内部,使其结构整体降解,其降解效果要优于TiO2/LDPE薄膜。紫外光照415 h后,TiO2-g-PAA/LDPE复合薄膜的失重率达到39.13%,重均相对分子质量下降96.36%;而相同条件下纯LDPE薄膜的失重率只有0.15%,重均相对分子质量下降46.32%。预氧化后的薄膜碎片具有明显的生物降解性能。     

TiO_2-(线性低密度聚乙烯-g-马来酸酐)/低密度聚乙烯薄膜的制备及其光催化降解性能

以线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)-g-马来酸酐(MA)作为相容剂制备了可光催化降解的TiO_2-(LLDPE-gMA)/LDPE薄膜。采用SEM、XRD、FT-IR对制备的TiO_2-(LLDPE-g-MA)/LDPE薄膜样品进行了表征。由于引入的LLDPE-g-MA改善了纳米TiO_2与LDPE之间的相容性,TiO_2-(LLDPE-g-MA)/LDPE薄膜具有更高的伸长率。SEM结果显示,LLDPE-g-MA显著削弱了纳米TiO_2在LDPE中的团聚,使高分散度的纳米TiO_2具备更高的光催化降解效率,增加了降解过程中的膜质量的损失。     

TiO_2纳米颗粒/纳米棒阵列复合薄膜的制备及其光电催化性能

以金属钛箔为钛源,采用双氧水和盐酸体系,通过水热法制备合成TiO2纳米棒阵列薄膜,并通过调节双氧水和盐酸的用量,调控TiO2纳米棒阵列薄膜的微观形貌和物相构成。结合溶剂挥发自组装法将TiO2纳米颗粒引入纳米棒阵列中,得到复合型TiO2光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,考察TiO2复合薄膜的光催化活性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试对TiO2复合薄膜的物相和表面形貌等进行了表征,并采用电化学交流阻抗法(EIS)分析其表面电荷转移特性。TiO2纳米颗粒/纳米棒阵列复合薄膜在光电协同条件下,展示出高的光电催化活性。     

纳米SiO2改性生物降解复合薄膜研究

目的以壳聚糖(chitosan)、木薯淀粉和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基础成膜原料,探究纳米SiO2改性木薯淀粉/PVA/壳聚糖薄膜的制备工艺过程。方法以薄膜断裂伸长率、抗张强度、透光率和吸水率为评判标准,在单因子试验基础上,设计L9(34)正交试验,研究纳米SiO2含量、分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸含量、膜液pH值等3个因素对纳米SiO2改性木薯淀粉/聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖薄膜性能的影响。结果得出了制备纳米SiO2改性木薯淀粉/PVA/壳聚糖薄膜的最佳工艺参数,纳米SiO2质量分数为2.0%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠质量分数为2.0%、膜液pH值为3.0,3个因素对改性薄膜性能的影响程度大小排序为分散剂含量纳米SiO2含量pH值。结论获得了纳米SiO2改性木薯淀粉/PVA/壳聚糖薄膜的最佳生产工艺参数。     

TiO_2/酚酞聚醚砜复合超滤膜的研究

采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备了TiO2/酚酞聚醚砜复合膜,系统地研究了溶剂种类、TiO2添加量等条件对TiO2/PES-C膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明:以DMAc为溶剂时液-液分层速度较慢,得到的超滤膜在添加TiO2前后透过性能均较好,截留率高.与不含纳米TiO2的PES-C膜相比,含TiO2的TiO2/PES-C复合膜的超滤性能、亲水性和抗蛋白污染性都有了显著的改善.当TiO2添加量小于3%时,膜表面Ti元素的含量随着TiO2添加量的增加而增加,其透过性能和抗污染性能也在提高,纳米TiO2/PES-C复合膜具有不对称的断面结构和致密的皮层,亚孔层具有更好的贯通性;当TiO2添加量超过5%时,表面明显分布有大量小孔,其断面结构则表现为皮层变厚,亚孔层消失,只存在指状大孔结构,同时膜的透过性能有所降低.在膜的抗污染试验中,通过牛血清白蛋白溶液连续运行和接触角测定实验表明,TiO2的加入有助于减缓膜在运行过程中通量的衰减,增强了膜的抗蛋白污染性和亲水性.当TiO2水溶液添加量为3%时,TiO2/PES-C复合膜的通量达到最大,亲水性最好,且具有较好的抗蛋白污染性.     

流延法制备PVA/TiO2复合薄膜的性能研究

用阴离子表面活性剂SDS（十二烷基硫酸钠）改性锐钛型纳米TiO2,以不同的掺杂比与聚乙烯醇混合,用钢带流延法制备PVA／TiO2复合薄膜。用FT—IR对所制得薄膜的结构进行表征,并测试了复合薄膜的力学性能、透光性能以及透气性能。,结果表明,复合薄膜的各项性能均较好,且紫外线透过率随着纳米TiO2添加量的增加明显降低。     

EVA/纳米TiO_2复合材料的性能及其数值模拟

采用一步法制备EVA/TiO2纳米复合材料,应用FESEM和SEM方法研究分散状态和断面形貌,并测试纳米复合材料的力学性能。进一步利用均匀化理论和有限元相结合的方法模拟EVA/TiO2纳米复合材料的有效性能。结果表明:纳米TiO2微粒在EVA基体中分散良好,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和弹性模量均有所提高,起到了增强增韧作用;填充圆形和方形TiO2颗粒的复合材料有效性能,均随填充量的增加而增加;同一填充量时,填充颗粒为方形的大于填充颗粒为圆形的材料的有效性能;等效弹性模量与实验所得的结果基本趋势一致,圆形颗粒的计算结果更接近实验结果。     

载银抗菌剂 / LDPE 抗菌薄膜的制备与性能研究

将载银抗菌剂粉末添加到低密度聚乙烯树脂中,通过共混、吹塑等工艺,制备出了抗菌薄膜。 研究表明,随着载银抗菌剂含量的增加,抗张强度和伸长率的变化趋势为先增大再减小,透过率逐渐减小,摩擦系数则逐渐增大,透湿系数变化趋势为先减小再增大。 扫描电镜?毂砻?抗菌剂在基体树脂中分散均匀。 以金黄色葡萄球菌为指标的抗菌性能测试表明,载银抗菌薄膜具有较好的抗菌性。     

Third-generation biosensors based on TiO2 nanostructured films

The functionalisation of solid electrodes with thin films of biocompatible materials revealed very attractive for the development of biosensors on miniaturized platforms, since this configuration could provide a rapid translation of the biological processes occurring on the surface to electronic outputs. In this study, the realization of functionalised TiO₂ thin films on Si substrates for the immobilization of several enzymes and biological molecules is reported. Deposition parameters were found to affect the chemical and microstructural features of the films, which influenced the protein immobilization. Glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto TiO₂-based nanostructured surfaces exhibited a pair of well-defined and quasi-reversible voltammetric peaks. The electron exchange between the enzyme and the electrodes was greatly enhanced in the TiO₂ nanostructured environment. The electrocatalytic activity of HRP and GOD embedded in TiO₂ electrodes toward H₂O₂ and glucose, respectively, may have a potential perspective in the fabrication of third-generation biosensors based on direct electrochemistry of enzymes.     

Synthesis of polyethylene glycol modified carbon dots as a kind of excellent water-based lubricant additives

The polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified carbon dots (CDs-PEG) were facile synthesized by one-pot pyrolysis of the mixture of gluconic acid and PEG. When the average molecular weight of PEG was 200, 600, 1000 and 4000?g/mol, the CDs-PEG were denoted as CDs-PEG200-4000, respectively. As the water-based lubricant additives, the tribological properties of CDs-PEG200 under four-ball mode and steel/steel contact were far superior to PEG200, CDs derived from gluconic acid only, and CDs-PEG600-4000, reflecting the carbon cores and surface groups of CDs-PEG200 should play a synergetic lubrication effect. Specifically, at load of 40?N, adding 0.20?wt% of CDs-PEG200 into base liquid resulted in the largest friction coefficient and wear volume reductions up to 83.5% and 90.9%. Meanwhile, the load carrying capacity of base liquid increased from 50?N to at least 200?N. Amazingly, the lubrication ability of base liquid containing 0.20?wt% of CDs-PEG200 sometimes was even comparable to some lubricant oils. The results of worn surface analyses revealed that the distinguished friction-reducing and antiwear performance of CDs-PEG200 as additives could be attributed to the formed composite lubrication film composed of CDs-PEG200 and Fe₃O₄ on the rubbing surfaces.     

TiO_2修饰空心玻璃微珠隔热涂料的制备及其性能表征

基于核-壳材料设计原理,以Ti(SO4)2为钛源,通过非均相沉淀法制备TiO2修饰空心玻璃微珠,并以其为隔热填料配制隔热涂料;借助XRD和SEM对TiO2改性空心玻璃微珠的相组成和微结构进行了表征;系统研究了隔热涂料的热反射效果以及光催化降解甲醛的性能。当水解反应温度为60℃,pH值为7,煅烧温度为600℃,锐钛矿型TiO2壳层实现了在空心玻璃微珠表面的均匀淀积,利用其制备的隔热涂料的热反射比高达97.76%;该隔热涂料同时具有良好的光催化性能,其降解甲醛反应的半衰期为156.82min。     

Enhancement of conductivity stability of polypyrrole films modified by valence copper and polyethylene oxide in an oxygen atmosphere

The degradations of polypyrrole (PPy)-based films in conductivity are examined in an oxygen atmosphere for 50 days. The results reveal that polymerization potential, solvents used in polymerization, modification of PPy with valence Cu, and introduction of polyethylene oxide (PEO) into PPy influence the conductivities of PPy films and their corresponding stabilities significantly. Pure PPy, prepared in water at an over-oxidized potential, shows a serious decrease in conductivity. However, valence Cu-modified PPy and PEO-modified PPy, resulting in an electron transfer from Cu to N⁺ of PPy and a more compact, dense surface and hydrogen bonds forming, respectively, behave more stable. The changes of surface mean roughness before and after aging are quantitatively measured via atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Meanwhile, SERS experiments provide a deeper insight into the aging mechanism of PPy in conductivity.     

A study of the optical absorption edge in silicate glasses containing TiO2 oxide

A detailed study of the optical absorption as a function of temperature and composition for a series of soda-lime-silica glasses doped with TiO₂ oxide is presented. The variations of the optical energy gap with temperature in the range 296 to 483 K are reported. The UV results are analysed assuming optical absorption by indirect transitions. It was found from these optical absorption data that the present glass system can be divided into three compositional regions.     

Synthesis of a nanocomposite based on polyethylene and modified vermiculite

A composite of polyethylene and vermiculite, a natural aluminosilicate, has been prepared by treating vermiculite with a concentrated polyethylene solution in xylene. Varying the concentration of the polyethylene solution, we obtained materials with various compositions, which were then modified by heat treatment and chemical means (by HCl solution, followed by precipitation of metal ions). We have determined the elemental composition of the composite materials, obtained their IR spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns, and evaluated their surface properties and sorption capacity for organic dyes and oil products. The chemical modification of the composite materials increases their dye sorption capacity, which correlates with the observed changes in their specific surface area and specific pore volume.     

Direct detection of S-nitrosothiols using planar amperometric nitric oxide sensor modified with polymeric films containing catalytic copper species

The direct amperometric detection of S-nitrosothiol species (RSNOs) is realized by modifying a previously reported amperometric nitric oxide gas sensor with thin hydrophilic polyurethane films containing catalytic Cu(II)/(I) sites. Catalytic Cu(II)/(I)-mediated decomposition of S-nitrosothiols generates NO(g) in the thin polymeric film at the distal tip of the NO sensor. Three different species are examined to create the catalytic layer: (1) a lipophilic Cu(II)-ligand complex; (2) Cu(II)-phosphate salt; and (3) small (3-microm) metallic Cu(0) particles. All three catalytic layers yield reversible amperometric response in proportion to the concentration of S-nitrosothiols (e.g., nitrosocysteine, nitrosoglutathione, S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine, S-nitrosoalbumin) present in the aqueous test solution. Sensitivity toward the different RSNO species is dependent on the respective catalytic rates of decomposition of the RSNO species by reactive Cu(I), accessibility of the species into the polyurethane layer containing the catalyst, the level of reducing agents (ascorbate) used in solution to help generate reactive Cu(I) species, and the concentration of metal ion complexing agents present in the test solution (e.g., EDTA). Under optimized conditions, all RSNO species can be detected at < or =1 microM levels, with sensor lifetimes of at least 10 days for the sensors based on Cu(II)-phosphate and Cu0 particles. It is further shown that the new RSNO sensors can be used to assess the "NO-generating" ability of fresh blood samples by effectively detecting the total level of reactive RSNO species present in such samples.     

Development and characterization of fluorine tin oxide electrodes modified with high area porous thin films containing gold nanoparticles

Different electrode materials are prepared using fluoride doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes modified with high area porous thin films of metal oxides containing gold nanoparticles. Three different metal oxides (TiO₂, MgO and SnO₂) have been assayed to this end. The effect of the metal oxide nature and gold loading on the structure and performance of the modified electrodes was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. XRD measurements reveal that MgO electrodes present the smallest gold nanoparticles after the sintering step however, the electrochemical response of these electrodes shows important problems of mass transport derived from the high porosity of these materials (Brunauer Emmett Teller area of 125 m²/g). The excellent sintering properties of titania nanoparticles result in robust films attached to the FTO electrodes which allow more reliable and reproducible results from an electroanalytical point of view.     

Influence of TiO2 dimension and graphene oxide content on the self-cleaning activity of methylene blue-stained photocatalytic films

In the present study, TiO₂ and graphene oxide (GO)/TiO₂ composite films were simply fabricated by hot-plate spray coating technique. The influences of TiO₂ dimension and GO content on the self-cleaning activity of methylene blue (MB)-stained films were investigated. The matrix of anatase TiO₂ quasi-cubic and octahedral particles in diameter of 6–9 nm (ST film) degraded 80% stained dye, much higher than those either in bigger size (30–50 nm) or in flower morphology due to the nano effect. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of such nanostructured film was strongly enhanced by the combination with GO sheets. Increasing GO content led to significant enhancement in film transmittance and MB adsorptivity. In the aspect of the self-cleaning activity for MB, the addition of GO up to 1 wt.% showed higher efficiency but excess content led to similar performance in comparison with pure TiO₂ film.