基于Fluent的某卷烟机搭口胶枪喷嘴流体仿真分析

为解决高速卷烟机搭口胶喷涂过程中出现的涂胶不均匀等问题,利用Fluent模拟搭口胶的涂胶工艺,通过改变喷嘴的进口压力观察胶液出口黏度和出口流速的变化。首先利用Solid Works对搭口胶喷嘴进行建模,然后分析Fluent模拟搭口胶喷胶涂胶过程,最后通过实验测试详细分析在不同进口压力条件下胶液的黏结性能,包括初黏性和抗T型剥离强度。仿真结果表明,喷嘴的出口黏度随着进口压力的升高而逐渐降低,出口流速刚好相反,即随着出口压力的升高而增加。搭口胶的黏结性能随着进口压力的增加而降低的。利用搭口胶喷涂的流体仿真模拟对卷烟生产工艺进行优化具有一定的指导作用。     

激光粉末床熔融成形腔内非稳态流场特性研究

目的 研究激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)中成形腔内保护气的流动规律,获得气流速度脉动和旋涡等流场非稳态特征及其变化规律。方法 利用热线测速计测量腔内的瞬时速度,研究保护气的速度分布及其脉动特性;基于数值模拟方法探究腔内气流形成的旋涡情况,分析涡的分布及其旋转速度;利用烟雾示踪方法对保护气流场进行可视化处理,分析气流的运动过程。结果 腔内气流经历了射流扩散、上下波动、大涡流、汇流等复杂运动过程,气流速度随时间的变化呈明显脉动特征,且气流脉动幅度受位置影响较大,进出风口的平面流速最大可达2.4 m/s,最小为0.25 m/s。同时,气速随平面高度的增大而逐渐减小;腔内存在以纵向大尺度旋涡为主、若干小尺度旋涡共同作用的涡流,由腔内边壁至中心,涡流切向速度呈先上升后下降的趋势,且随入口气速的增大而增大,在切向速度急剧降低的腔体角落、透镜等区域,易形成流动“死区”,导致烟尘颗粒聚集且难以排出,影响构件的高质量成形制造。结论 保护气在LPBF成形腔内形成了复杂的非稳态流动,并以剧烈的速度脉动和多尺度的涡流为典型特征,而针对非恒定的层流、成形腔结构的优化设计仍需进行更深入的研究。     

不同空气侧风速下微通道蒸发器换热特性实验研究

搭建微通道蒸发器性能实验台,采用控制变量法研究不同空气侧风速下微通道蒸发器表面温度分布、制冷剂进出口压力的变化规律,计算换热量和换热系数,从而分析空气侧风速对微通道蒸发器的流量分配特性和换热效果的影响。结果表明,随着风速增大,微通道蒸发器制冷剂流量分配不均匀性增大,进出口压力波动振幅和周期增加,压降增大,风速2 m/s时微通道蒸发器换热效果最佳。     

基于Fluent的气液两相流喷嘴内部流动特性仿真

目的探究气液两相流喷嘴内部流动特性及工作参数对流动特性的影响。方法测量得到气液两相流喷嘴的结构图,利用Fluent软件建立喷嘴模型,并选择流体体积(VOF)两相流模型和RNG(重整化群)k-?湍流模型,以常温状态下液态水和空气为研究介质,并以气压和液压为变量,进行多参数的流动特性分析,并引入气液比的概念。结果得到了不同时刻喷嘴内部的压力、速度及液相分布云图。其中最大压力为827 kPa,出现在出口段和进气段交叉的壁面上,由于喷嘴内部出现缩口,故出口段存在负压(?1.53 MPa);喷嘴内部最高速度出现在气液两相交汇处,为134 m/s;液相在最初迅速充满喷嘴后,逐渐与气相混合,最终出口段中心液相体积占比为0.543,混合情况良好。还得到了多参数对喷嘴内部压力、速度及液相分布的影响。结论使用软件仿真的方法得到了喷嘴内部的流动特性和多参数对流动特性的影响规律,并为进一步研究优化喷嘴结构及喷雾提供了建议和参考。     

Numerical study of liquid nitrogen cavitating flow through nozzles of various shapes

The cavitating flow of cryogenic liquid through a spray nozzle is influenced by many factors, such as unique thermophysical properties of cryogenic liquid, the inflow temperature and the complicated geometrical structure of the spray nozzle. The geometrical parameters of liquid nitrogen spray nozzles have a profound impact on cavitating flow which in turn affects spray atomization characteristics and cooling performance. In present study, CFD simulations are performed to investigate influence of the nozzle geometry on the liquid nitrogen cavitating flow. The mixture model is used to describe the liquid-vapor two phase flow, and both the cavitation and evaporation are considered for the phase change. The predictions of mass flow of liquid nitrogen spray are validated against experimental results. The effects of geometric parameters, including the outlet orifice diameter and the length of nozzle, the inlet edge angle of orifice, the inlet corner radius of orifice, the orifice shape and different positions of swirl vanes, are investigated under a wide range of pressure difference and inflow temperature. The results show that the effects of geometric parameters on cavitating flow show different trends under subcooled conditions compared with saturated temperature conditions. The flow characteristics are more affected by the changes of the inlet edge angle, the inlet corner radius, and the orifice shape. The insert of swirl vanes has an effect on the distribution of the cavitated vapor within the orifice, but it has little influence on flow characteristics. The results could enrich our knowledge of liquid nitrogen cavitating flow in spray nozzles of various shapes.     

中学教室空调气流组织的数值模拟研究

针对相同室内条件、不同送回风口位置下的两种模型,运用暖通空调专用数值模拟软件Airpark,对室内速度场、温度场进行了数值模拟计算。并根据模拟结果分析不同送回风口位置下的空气品质和人体热舒适,为教室等人员密集区域空调室内的气流组织形式优化设计提供了研究依据。     

进排气开启角对气动发动机的影响及其优化设计

 为解决气动发动机在高转速下动力性和经济性恶化的问题,对进排气阀开启角进行优化．基于热力学理论建立了气动发动机缸内过程模型,通过计算分别得到进排气阀开启角对气动发动机动力性和经济性的影响.计算结果表明,在排气阀开启角不变的情况下,适当的进气提前有利于动力性和经济性的提高,在进气阀开启角不变的情况下,适当的排气提前有利于动力性和经济性的提高,并利用试验验证了模型的正确性．最后以功率和气耗率为优化目标,利用已建立的模型,采用降维法优化计算．优化结果表明,不同的转速下,最优的进排气提前角不同．在高转速下,动力性和经济性提高显著．当转速大于2 000 r/min,功率提高20%以上,气耗率下降25%以上．     

Microstructure optimization design methods of the forging process and applications

A microstructure optimization design method of the forging process is proposed. The optimization goal is the fine grain size and homogeneous grain distribution. The optimization object is the forging process parameters and the shape of the preform die. The grain size sub-objective function, the forgings shape sub-objective function and the whole objective function including the shape and the grain size are established, respectively. The detailed optimization steps are given. The microstructure optimization program is developed using the micro-genetic algorithm and the finite element method. Then, the upsetting process of the cylindrical billet is analyzed using a self-developed program. The forging parameters and the shape of preform die of the upsetting process are optimized respectively. The fine size and homogenous distribution of the grain can be achieved by controlling the shape of the preform die and improving the friction condition.     

包装废弃物热解余热回收用涡旋膨胀机瞬态流动特性研究

目的 为揭示进气压力的变化对涡旋膨胀机内部流动特征及性能参数的影响机制,探究其对膨胀机效率及实际回收功率的影响规律。方法 以余热回收有机朗肯循环中的涡旋膨胀机为研究对象,利用STARCCM+软件,采用重叠网格技术对涡旋膨胀机内部计算流体域进行非稳态离散求解,分析涡旋膨胀机流场变化特性以及性能参数的变化规律。结果 在出口压力不变的条件下,随着进气压力的上升,压力场分布梯度增大;进、出口流量均呈现周期性波动,出口流量的波动幅度明显小于入口流量的波动幅度。填充系数的大小一定程度上反映了膨胀机内部的泄漏程度或流动阻力大小,观察到进气压力为0.75 MPa时填充系数最大,此时工质的流动阻碍相对更小,平均质量流量也最大。涡旋膨胀机等熵效率、输出功率均随进气压力的增大而增大。结论 涡旋膨胀机输出功率的优化与多种因素相关,要综合考虑进出口实际焓差和平均质量流量等因素的影响,只考虑单方面因素缺乏一定的合理性。     

室外换热器分液装置的实验研究

制冷剂分配不均现象是室外换热器研究的重点内容.本文设计了两种隔板形式,共制作7种样件放置于换热器集管中进行实验研究.通过实验分析了换热器用作蒸发器的6种工况与用作冷凝器的4种工况下的制冷剂分配情况及换热性能.结果表明:本文利用挡流板实现了良好的制冷剂分配效果,两种挡流隔板(A和B)的加入均有助于改善换热器制冷剂分配不均...     

Investigation of impact of jets with zero-net-mass flux on flow in curvilinear diffusers

The impact of the blowing of jets with a zero-net-mass-flux (JZNMF) from the wall of a plane diffuser with expansion 1.8 on a turbulent separation flow is studied using a hybrid method for solving the averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the implicit method for large-sized eddy simulation (RANS/ILES method). The total pressure losses are shown to decrease by two times with the corresponding selection of the JZNMF frequency and amplitude. In this case, the level of the total pressure fluctuations at the diffuser outlet decreases by two to three times and the level of fluctuations of the longitudinal velocity components decreases by 1.2–1.5 times. The impact of the velocity at the diffuser inlet on the JZNMF efficiency is studied. The dependences of the impact of the JZNMF frequency and amplitude on the total pressure losses and the distribution of the averaged parameters of the flow and turbulence in the outlet cross section of the diffusion are obtained.     

基于熔融盐加热的甲烷蒸汽重整制氢反应器的熵产生率和氢气产率分析

太阳能热化学储能能够有效解决太阳能时间和空间分布不均的问题。在工业甲烷蒸汽重整反应器模型的基础上,利用有限时间热力学理论建立了基于熔融盐加热的甲烷蒸汽重整反应器（steam methane reforming reactor heated by molten salt,MS-SMRR）模型,得到了MS-SMRR的设计参数,并分析了MS-SMRR的几何参数和操作参数对氢气产率和总熵产生率的影响规律。结果表明：在氢气产率一定时,逆流参考反应器比顺流参考反应器的总熵产生率低,且消耗的熔融盐少;增大熔融盐进口温度和减小反应混合物进口压力能够显著提高MS-SMRR的氢气产率。研究结果对实际MS-SMRR的优化设计具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Effect of texture on high temperature deformation behavior at high strain rates in a Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy

A microstructure optimization design method of the forging process is proposed. The optimization goal is a small grain size and a homogeneous grain distribution of the forgings. The optimization object is the preforming die shape. The microstructure optimization code is developed using the micro-genetic algorithm and the finite element method. The two forming steps including the preforming process and the final forging process of H-shape forgings are analyzed using the self-developed code. The optimization results show that small grain size and homogeneous grain distribution can be achieved by controlling the shape of the preforming die. Samples of the same size as in the optimization are preformed and then forged to the desired H-shape forgings under the same deformation conditions as in the optimization. Micrographs in the symmetry section of samples show that the grain sizes of the forgings almost coincide with the optimization results.     

陈列柜风幕的数值研究及其影响因素分析

本文根据流体力学和数值传热学的基本方程，建立了陈列柜风幕及柜内空气流动和换热的二维数学模型；并采用湍流模型和SIMPLER算法进行了数值计算。文中重点分析了风幕送风速度、环境空气温度和送回风口尺寸三个因素对风幕性能的影响。本文的研究结果为陈列柜的优化设计和实验研究提供了依据。     

Impact of plate design on the performance of welded type plate heat exchangers for sorption cycles

Numerical and experimental analysis was carried out to examine the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of welded type plate heat exchangers for absorption application using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. The simulation results based on CFD are compared with experimental results. A commercial CFD software package (FLUENT) has been used to predict the characteristics of heat transfer, pressure drop and flow distribution within the plate heat exchangers. In this paper, a welded plate heat exchanger with a plate of chevron embossing type was tested by controlling mass flow rate, solution concentration, and inlet/outlet temperatures. The working fluid is H₂O/LiBr solution with the LiBr concentration of 54–62% in mass. The numerical simulation examines the internal flow patterns, temperature distribution and the pressure distribution within the channel of the plate heat exchanger. Three plates of embossing types; chevron embossing, elliptic and round, are proposed and simulated in this paper. The simulation results show reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. Also, the numerical results show that the plate with the elliptical shape gives better performance than the plate of the chevron shape from the viewpoints of heat transfer and pressure drop.     

Characterisation of a turbo-molecular pumps by a minimum of parameters

The design of complex vacuum systems including turbo-molecular pumps requires knowledge of the characteristics of the turbo-molecular pumps. Normally, such characteristics for commercially available turbo-molecular pumps are presented as graphs of pumping speed, compression ratio and so on as a function of inlet or outlet pressure. It is difficult to incorporate such information into a model for designing complex vacuum systems, especially when optimising the number of pumps, their pumping speed and choice of backing pump.Voss [Characteristics of the turbomolecular pumps. Vakuum in Forschung ung Praxis 2002;14(4)] has published fitting formulae for specific pumps as a way of describing pressure, pumping speed and compression at the inlet, by means of a number of parameters which are described in a table for each gas and throughput. These fitting formulae can be used in modelling, but the fitting parameters for an arbitrary pump are not in general available.A new approach is proposed based on ‘true zero-throughput’, which has been defined as the ratio of the probability of a gas molecule travelling from the pump inlet to the outlet to that of its travelling from the outlet to the inlet. This is different from the usually reported ‘zero-throughput’ data which are measured with zero gas injection, but not ‘zero gas load’ at the inlet (due to thermal outgassing of a measuring dome and the pump itself). Parameters in the formulae developed here are no longer simply fitting parameters, but have clear physical meaning. The dependence of the parameters for different gases may be included as a function of mass. The new formulae presented, allow us to model the performance of cascaded turbo-molecular pumps. As an example, the formalism is applied to the differential pumping stages of the KATRIN experiment [KATRIN Collaboration. KATRIN design report 2004. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Scientific Report # FZKA 7090, 2005].     

消声器传递损失计算的单元能量叠加法

在消声器进出口管道平面波截止频率以上,高阶模态被激发,传统方法假设进出口为平面波计算消声器传递损失的方法已不再适用。基于有限元法,把进出口面划分出若干个单元,将每个单元上的声场分布近似为平面波,建立基于单元能量叠加计算消声器传递损失的方法,并使用本文方法和Virtual.Lab Acoustics软件计算了三种类型消声器的传递损失,分析了非平面波现象。结果表明,本文方法可行且能够有效地考虑非平面波的影响。     

医院中子照射器I型堆堆芯热工水力分析

针对医院中子照射器Ⅰ型堆(IHNI-1)的堆芯特点和运行工况,建立了适用于IHNI-1反应堆堆芯的热工分析模型,并对模型进行了验证.利用所建模型,计算了 IHNI-1反应堆堆芯热工参数.最后分析了IHNI-1反应堆堆芯入口流量对堆芯出口温度的影响,同时给出了堆芯发生过冷沸腾时的功率计算结果.     

卫生型离心泵水力性能的参数化研究

为给卫生型离心泵过流部件结构的优化设计提供依据,采用CFD分析软件Fluent对卫生型离心泵内部流场流动进行了数值模拟和水力性能的参数化分析.给出了建模和流场分析方法,分析了泵内流体速度和压力的分布特性,基于流动模拟结果预测了水力性能.性能预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.关键结构参数对水力性能影响的计算结果表明,叶轮轴向间隙、叶片宽度、叶轮与蜗壳直径比等参数均存在最优值.研究结果对卫生型离心泵的结构改进和性能提高具有参考价值.     

Passage of a liquid drop through a bifurcation

Numerical simulations of the motion of a viscous liquid drop through a two-dimensional bifurcating channel are conducted using a boundary-element method for Stokes flow. The drop viscosity is assumed to be equal to the ambient fluid viscosity and the drop interface is assumed to exhibit uniform surface tension. The mean fluid pressures are prescribed at the channel inlet and two outlets, and the corresponding flow rates are computed as part of the solution. Preliminary simulations show that the shape of a two-dimensional drop moving through a channel with parallel walls is similar to that of an axisymmetric drop moving along the centerline of a circular tube. The ability of a drop to remain intact as it passes through the bifurcation is determined by the drop size and capillary number expressing the significance of surface tension. For a given drop size and channel inlet and outlet pressures, there is a critical capillary number above which a drop splits into two pieces connected by a thinning bridge. The presence of the drop has a weak effect on the inlet and outlet flow rates throughout its passage. Simulations based on a boundary-element method for a rigid particle with circular or elliptical shape reveal a significantly stronger effect due to the absence of interfacial mobility.