CdZnTe共面栅探测器的电子俘获修正方法

采用有限元方法模拟共面栅探测器的权重势分布,通过计算器件的电荷感应效率(CIE)以及感应信号,研究了CdZnTe共面栅器件的电子俘获修正技术,结果表明采用调整两组栅极输出信号的相对增益G的方法,可以有效地修正由于电子俘获造成的器件响应在深度上的不均匀;通过将次外条收集栅和非收集栅分别加宽一倍可以使两组栅电极的权重势分布在器件宽度上具有良好的均匀性,在此基础上采用调整增益G值来修正电子俘获,可使CdZnTe共面栅器件在深度和宽度方向上均得到均匀的响应特性.     

二元并行CdZnTe探测器读出电路及信号处理方法

本文为CdznTe(CZT)二元并行探测器设计并制作了信号处理系统电路,包括前置放大电路,差分放大电路,极零相消电路,滤波成形电路,微调电路和基线恢复电路和加和电路.137Cs(662keV)辐射下的信号,经过差分放大,极零相消和滤波成形电路的输出,信号持续时间在10μs内,幅度为260mV,两路信号相加后信噪比大于15:1.能谱测试初步结果表明:采用这个信号处理系统,二元CZT并行探测器对137Cs(662keV)源的探测效率分别是单元器件的1.74和2.2倍,能量分辨率接近于单元器件.     

CdZnTe核辐射探测器表面物理和化学钝化研究

表面漏电流引起的噪声会限制CAznTe(CZT)探测器的性能。尤其对于共面栅探测器,漏电噪声的大小与器件的电极设计和表面处理工艺密切相关。本文比较了探测器表面的物理和化学钝化工艺：采用H2O2溶液和KOH—KCl溶液对CZT样品进行湿化学钝化处理,采用RFPCVD法在CZT样品表面沉积类金刚石薄膜(DLC)进行物理干法钝化。借助俄歇电子能谱(AES)和显微拉曼光谱以及ZC36微电流测试仪等手段研究了CZT表面组成与器件电学性能之间的关系。AES结果表明KOH—KCl溶液钝化可以改善CZT样品表面的化学组分比,H2O2溶液钝化可以将表面富Te层转化为高阻氧化层,钝化前后的I-V特性曲线表明两种化学钝化方法均可以有效地减小器件表面漏电流,达到满意的钝化效果。CZT样品表面物理钝化通过在样品表面沉积DLC薄膜加以实现,显微拉曼光谱表明CZT表面钝化层是高sp^3含量的DLC薄膜,AES深度剖析表明DLC薄膜可以有效阻止CZT内部元素的外扩散,并且DLC薄膜内部C元素向CZT内部的扩散也是比较低的。DLC薄膜钝化后的CZT共面栅探测器表面栅距25μm的栅间电阻可以达到12GΩ,有效地降低了器件的表面漏电流。     

高阻值 CdZnTe晶体的退火改性

采用 Cd1－ yZny合金作退火源,对垂直布里奇曼法生长获得的 Cd0.9Zn0.1Te晶片进行了退火处 理.实验结果表明,退火后,晶片中 Zn的径向成分偏离从 0.15at ％降低到 0.05at％, Al、 Na、 Mg、 Cu等杂质的含量得到一定程度的降低,代表结晶质量的半峰宽从 182″下降到 53″,而红外透过率从 56.6％提高到 62.1％,电阻率则从 7.25× 108Ω cm提高到 2.5× 1010Ω cm.可见,在合适的条件下 对高阻值 CdZnTe晶体进行退火处理可以提高晶体的性能.     

室温辐射探测器用CdZnTe晶体生长及器件制造工艺进展

半绝缘CdTe和CdZnTe室温半导体探测器已在工业监测、医疗和成像、核安全及科学研究等多方面得到应用。Cd1-xZnxTe室温X射线和Y射线探测器的性能与材料和器件中的缺陷(它控制器件中载流子输运)密切相关。欲提高该种器件及器件阵列的性能，需不断改进晶体生长与器件制造工艺，重点是降低晶体内、界面、亚表面和器件表面上的缺陷。     

工字梁型蜂窝芯材共面冲击性能的有限元模拟

目的研究双壁厚工字梁型金属蜂窝芯材的共面冲击性能。方法借助有限元软件Ansys/LSDYNA,建立工字梁型蜂窝芯材的有限元模型,并进行CAE分析。结果在不同冲击速度下,工字梁型蜂窝芯材表现出不同的变形模式。当工字梁型金属蜂窝芯材的其他结构参数固定时,其共面动态峰应力与冲击速度的平方成线性关系;当冲击速度一定时,其共面动态峰应力与壁厚边长比成幂指数关系。同时,拟合得到了工字梁型金属蜂窝芯材共面动态峰应力关于壁厚边长比和冲击速度的经验计算公式。结论工字梁型蜂窝具有优良的结构和吸能能力,研究工字梁型蜂窝的冲击性能具有重要的科学研究和工程应用价值。     

CdZnTe像素探测器表面的氧离子刻蚀工艺

本文报道了CdZnTe像素探测器电极的氧离子刻蚀工艺。通过I-V特性、PL谱以及XPS等实验结果分析了氧离子刻蚀对CdZnTe表面成分、缺陷以及漏电流的影响。研究结果表明,表面氧离子刻蚀在CdZnTe晶体表面形成了致密氧化层。刻蚀功率过大时,刻蚀过程中氧离子轰击会对CdZnTe晶体表面造成损伤,使表面漏电流急剧增大。减小刻蚀功率,延长刻蚀时间,可以增强刻蚀过程中的化学作用,减少CdZnTe晶片的表面氧化与损伤,使表面漏电流降低。     

P型高阻CdZnTe晶体表面接触的电学性能研究

用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）研究了Ｐ型高阻Ｃｄ０．８Ｚｎ０．２Ｔｅ晶体表面状况对接触电学特性的影响,研究了三种金属和ＡｕＣｌ３作为接触层材料的电学特性和接触机理。研究表明采用化学方法沉积ＡｕＣｌ３膜能在ＣｄＺｎＴｅ光滑表面形成一层重掺杂层,较金属更易获得欧姆接触,热处理可改善接触的欧姆性,增强接触层与晶体表面的结合力。     

CdZnTe晶片4种化学钝化工艺效果的比较

常用于X射线和γ射线探测器中的CdZnTe(CZT)晶片经机械抛光后表面存在损伤层和许多肉眼看不到的划痕,采用溴甲醇(Br2-CH3OH)腐蚀可有效去除损伤层和划痕,使表面变得光亮平整.但经Br2-CH3OH腐蚀的表面富Te而产生较大的表面漏电流,为此,采用H2O2溶液,NH4F/H2O2溶液,KOH-KCl溶液+NH4F/H2O2溶液二步法和溴水4种湿法化学钝化工艺,对CZT晶片表面进行了钝化处理,并对比了其钝化效果.结果表明:二步法钝化效果最好,表面漏电流降低4个数量级,NH4F/H2O2对CZT晶片表面的钝化效果较好,表面漏电流降低3个数量级.     

CdZnTe晶体生长用石英管的镀碳工艺研究

使用金相显微镜、推力分析仪测试等手段研究了镀碳工艺参数对碳膜的表面形貌、碳膜和石英结合力的影响。获得了一个优化的镀碳工艺参数,即在镀碳温度为950～1100℃,气体流量为4～7ml/h,镀碳时间为6h,冷却时间为12h的条件下得到的碳膜较为均匀,而且和石英结合的较好。使用该工艺条件镀膜的石英管生长出的CdZnTe晶体表面光洁,位错密度低,约为4×104cm-2。     

Polyhedral elements by means of node/edge‐based smoothed finite element method

The node‐based or edge‐based smoothed finite element method is extended to develop polyhedral elements that are allowed to have an arbitrary number of nodes or faces, and so retain a good geometric adaptability. The strain smoothing technique and implicit shape functions based on the linear point interpolation make the element formulation simple and straightforward. The resulting polyhedral elements are free from the excessive zero‐energy modes and yield a robust solution very much insensitive to mesh distortion. Several numerical examples within the framework of linear elasticity demonstrate the accuracy and convergence behavior. The smoothed finite element method‐based polyhedral elements in general yield solutions of better accuracy and faster convergence rate than those of the conventional finite element methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于有限元法的蜂窝夹层结构稳定性研究

蜂窝夹层结构随面板厚度的逐渐变化会出现不同的屈曲现象。针对连续芯层有限元模型, 求出不同面板厚度时结构的屈曲因子, 并与经验失稳公式预测值进行对比, 两种方法的结果基本吻合。建立考虑芯层几何特征的有限元模型, 进行屈曲分析并研究芯层几何参数对结构稳定性的影响。介绍了一种局部屈曲现象——蜂窝壁屈曲, 提出了相应的失稳预测分析方法, 并与三维有限元分析结果进行比较, 验证该方法的正确性。对承受多轴惯性载荷的蜂窝夹层承力筒结构进行稳定性分析, 通过改变面板厚度和纵横惯性载荷比, 得到一系列有限元解, 给出了相关的多轴惯性载荷相关方程。     

基于有限元分析的高精密柔性夹具优化方案设计

针对高精密加工过程中柔性夹具的变形问题进行理论计算和实验分析.首先应用CAE软件对现有柔性夹具进行有限元分析,分析夹具变形问题.然后通过CAD软件改变该夹具模型的结构参数和尺寸参数,优化夹具构造,以减少定位过程的夹具变形,并再次通过CAE软件进行分析,验证优化效果.通过增加夹具体主平面刚度、增加夹具体肋板刚度和改变夹具定位点位置等方法,实现夹具体的最大变形量满足加工精度的要求.实验分析以定位点变形为研究对象,测量得到4个定位点在夹具装夹过程中的变形量.实验结果基本符合理论计算结果,得到最终优化方案的4个定位点变形量均小于001 mm,满足了该高精密加工中对夹具体的精度要求.优化方案在实际生产中得到实施,效果良好.     

用有限元法计算飞秒激光双光子成型点弹性模量

采用有限元法对材料为SCR500的飞秒激光双光子成型点力学性能进行建模及仿真计算，得出了不同弹性模量下成型点与探针之间的作用力．进而利用原子力显微镜接触模式，选用无针尖探针，测量了成型点的力学性能，得出了相同位移载荷下成型点与探针之间的作用力．将测量结果和仿真结果进行比较，推算出成型点的弹性模量．分析结果表明。双光子固化成型点的弹性模量大约为宏观材料弹性模量的1／7．这为进一步研究双光子飞秒激光加工微器件的力学性能提供了基础．     

Static analyses of FGM beams by various theories and finite elements

The 1D Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) is here used to perform static analyses of functionally graded (FG) structures. The hierarchical feature of CUF allows one to automatically generate an infinite number of displacement theories that may include any kind of functions of the cross-section coordinates (x, z), among which those used to describe the variation of the mechanical properties of FG materials. The governing equations are derived by means of the Principle of Virtual Displacements in a weak form and solved by means of the Finite Element method (FEM). The equations are written in terms of “fundamental nuclei”, whose forms do not depend on the used expansions. Trigonometric, polynomial, exponential and miscellaneous expansions are here used and evaluated for various structural problems. Resulting theories are assessed by considering several aspect-ratios, gradation laws, loading and boundary conditions. The results are compared with 1-, 2- and 3-D solutions both in terms of displacements and stress distributions. The comparisons confirm that the 1D CUF elements are valuable tools for the study of FG structures.     

Simulation of delamination by means of cohesive elements using an explicit finite element code

This paper presents the formulation of a tri-dimensional cohesive element implemented in a user-written material subroutine for explicit finite element analysis. The cohesive element simulates the onset and propagation of the delamination in advanced composite materials. The delamination model is formulated by using a rigorous thermodynamic framework which takes into account the changes of mixed-mode loading conditions. The model is validated by comparing the finite element predictions with experimental data obtained in interlaminar fracture tests under quasi-static loading conditions.     

A modified extended finite element method approach for design sensitivity analysis

This paper describes a modified extended finite element method (XFEM) approach, which is designed to ease the challenge of an analytical design sensitivity analysis in the framework of structural optimisation. This novel formulation, furthermore labelled YFEM, combines the well‐known XFEM enhancement functions with a local sub‐meshing strategy using standard finite elements. It deviates slightly from the XFEM path only at one significant point but thus allows to use already derived residual vectors as well as stiffness and pseudo load matrices to assemble the desired information on cut elements without tedious and error‐prone re‐work of already performed derivations and implementations. The strategy is applied to sensitivity analysis of interface problems combining areas with different linear elastic material properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SectionBuilder: An innovative finite element tool for analysis and design of composite rotor blade cross-sections

SectionBuilder is a finite element based tool for analysis and design of composite rotor blade cross-sections. The tool can create the cross-sections with parametric shapes and arbitrary configurations. It has the ability to generate single- and multi-cell cross-sections with arbitrary lay-ups where the material properties for each layer can be defined on the basis of the design requirements. It can create the variation of thickness of skin and D-spars for rotor blades by considering ply drops. Cross-sections are often reinforced by core material for constructing realistic rotor blade cross-sections. The tool has the ability to integrate core materials into the cross-sections. After meshing the cross-section, the tool determines the sectional properties using finite element analysis. This tool computes sectional properties including stiffness matrix, compliance matrix, mass matrix, and principal axes. A visualization environment is integrated with the tool for visualizing the stress and strain distributions over the cross-section. The detail about the development steps and application of SectionBuilder is presented in this paper.