火焰原子吸收光谱法测定低碳钢中锰铜锌钾

样品经HCl消解后,分别选择Mn 279.5 nm,Cu 324.8 nm,Zn 213.9 nm,K 766.5 nm谱线作为分析线,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定低碳钢中锰、铜、锌、钾。4种元素的质量浓度在一定范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系。方法检出限分别为0.009 5, 0.013 8, 0.002 9和0.003 3 mg/L。对低碳钢样品进行测定,相对标准偏差 (n=7) 均在1 %以下,加标回收率在95 %～104 % 之间。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定航空煤油中铅锰镁锌铜

油类样品易燃易爆,在对其中较低含量金属元素进行分析时极易引起被测元素损失且一般进样系统无法对其直接测定,因此测定时样品的前处理过程非常重要。实验取100 mL航空煤油样品于500 mL分液漏斗中,加入2.0 mL碘-二甲苯溶液和15 mL硝酸(1+9)重复萃取2次,将两次萃取液合并后再用10 mL水萃取一次,萃取液浓缩后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)进行测定,建立了测定航空煤油中铅、锰、镁、锌和铜5种元素含量的方法。结果表明:铅、锰、镁、锌和铜5种金属元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999 0,方法检出限为0.009～0.256 μg/mL。采用实验方法对航空煤油样品进行测定,测定结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n＝9)为0.86%～5.4%。将实验方法应用于4个不同产地的航空煤油样品中铅、锰、镁、锌和铜的测定,各个元素的加标回收率均在96%～103%之间。     

Effects of iron supplementation and discontinuation on serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in women

The purpose of this study was: 1) to establish the prevalence of depleted iron stores, iron deficiency, and low serum levels for copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium in a healthy female population; and 2) to examine the effects of iron supplementation and discontinuation on the serum levels of the above minerals. One hundred eleven healthy women between the ages of 18 and 40 yr reported for fasted morning blood sampling for iron, copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium status. Forty-five subjects were either iron-deficient as defined by a hemoglobin level below 120 g.l-1 (four subjects) or iron deplete as defined by a serum ferritin value below 20 micrograms.l-1 (43 subjects). Two subjects fit both criteria. This subgroup continued with the study and were prescribed a normal therapeutic iron dose (320 mg elemental iron per day, taken as two Slow-Fe tablets.d-1 for a period of 12 wk). The subjects then discontinued the iron supplementation for a further 12 wk. The response of the various blood minerals was monitored at 6-wk intervals. Twenty-five subjects completed the full 24-wk treatment. The main conclusions to be made from this study were that: 1) For this sample population of women, iron depletion was quite common (39%), although low hemoglobin values (< 120 g.l-1) were only seen in 3.6%. No subjects fell below the criteria for low serum copper levels (< 13.3 mumol.l-1) nor low serum magnesium levels (< 0.6 mmol.l-1). Seven subjects (6.5%) fell below the criteria for low serum zinc levels (< 11.5 mumol.l-1) while two subjects (1.8%) were below the criteria for low serum calcium levels (< 2.20 mmol.l-1). 2) Therapeutic oral iron supplementation was successful in raising mean serum ferritin values from 15.9 micrograms.l-1 to 36.5 micrograms.l-1 but was not associated with decrements in serum copper or calcium levels. 3) The treatment did not significantly effect serum zinc and magnesium levels during the supplementation period, but a downward trend continued through the discontinuation phase so that at 18 and 24 wk serum zinc and magnesium levels were significantly lower than baseline. 4) Oral contraceptive use was associated with elevated serum copper and ferritin values and lowered serum magnesium levels.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定针状石油焦中钾铅镁锌铜锰

在电炉上将样品碳化至无烟后将铂坩埚置于高温炉内于750 ℃下灼烧约6 h进行灰化,采用四硼酸锂(Li₂B₄O₇)熔融、5%硝酸溶解,以5 mL 100 mg/mL镧溶液为释放剂,建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定针状石油焦样品中钾、铅、镁、锌、铜、锰的方法。实验表明,针状石油焦样品中其他元素不干扰待测元素的测定,待测元素间无相互干扰。在选定的最佳仪器条件下,钾、铅、镁、锌、铜、锰的检出限分别为0.008、0.030、0.001、0.005、0.008、0.007 μg/mL。采用实验方法对2批针状石油焦样品进行测定,结果与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)基本一致,相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.63%~3.4%,加标回收率在98%~104%之间。     

The copper, manganese and zinc content of some edible mushrooms

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salm. Typhimurium) live vaccine strain Zoosaloral H was characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Each of the two suitable restriction enzymes, XbaI and SpeI, produced a unique restriction fragment pattern for this live vaccine strain which was not shared by field isolates of the same serovar. The characteristic fragment pattern proved to be stable during a 22 month observation period and was also not altered after animal passage of the vaccine strains. Thus PFGE analysis proved to be a helpful tool in the identification of Salm. Typhimurium live vaccine strain Zoosaloral H and its differentiation from wild-type isolates of the same serovar.     

Anticonvulsant-induced changes in tissue manganese, zinc, copper, and iron concentrations in Wistar rats

Human epileptics have been reported to have low blood manganese (Mn) concentrations in comparison to nonepileptics, an observation that is important because Mn deficiency can increase seizure susceptibility in experimental animals. Factors that have been suggested to contribute to the low blood Mn levels in epileptics include anticonvulsant use, seizure-induced tissue redistribution of Mn, and genetics; in the present study, the first of these possibilities was tested. Wistar rats were fed semipurified diets containing diphenylhydantoin ([DPH] 3 g/kg diet), phenobarbital ([PB] 2 g/kg diet), or primidone ([PRIM] 3 g/kg diet) for 7 weeks, at which time they were killed and tissues collected and analyzed for Mn, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) concentrations. In comparison to pair-fed rats, DPH- and PRIM-fed rats had significantly elevated liver Mn concentrations, while Mn concentrations in blood, brain, heart, and kidney were unaffected by anticonvulsant exposure. Changes in the concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Fe in specific tissues were also found. Overall, these findings suggest that the anticonvulsants tested do not lead to significant derangements in the metabolism of Mn.     

原子吸收光谱法连续测定金属硅中铜、锰、镍

采用原子吸收光谱技术,测定金属硅中的杂质铜、锰、镍,研究了干扰及其消除方法。铜、锰、镍检出限分别为0.009,0.008和0.033mg/L,相对标准偏差小于1.5%。加标回收率95.1%～104.1%。方法简便、快速。     

Effects of dietary copper and molybdenum on copper status, cytokine production, and humoral immune response of calves

Twenty-four male Holstein calves were used to determine the effects of dietary Cu and Mo on performance, Cu status, and immune function of calves. Calves were fed a milk replacer that was deficient in Cu for 8 wk and then were randomly assigned after weaning to one of four treatments: 1) control (no supplemental Cu or Mo), 2) 10 mg of Cu (from CuSO4)/kg of dry matter (DM) (Cu diet), 3) 5 mg of Mo (from Na2MoO4)/kg of DM (Mo diet), or 4) 5 mg of Cu (from CuSO4) and 5 mg of Mo (from Na2MoO4)/kg of DM (Cu + Mo diet). The basal diet was a semipurified diet that contained approximately 1.1 mg of Cu and 1.1 mg of Mo/kg of DM. Calves fed the Cu and Mo diets gained weight more efficiently than those fed the control and Cu + Mo diets during the 112-d study. By d 84 of the study, calves fed the Cu diet had higher plasma Cu concentrations and plasma ceruloplasmin activities than did calves fed the other three diets and had higher liver Cu concentrations on d 136. Plasma and liver Cu concentrations did not differ among calves fed the control, Mo, and Cu + Mo diets. At d 112, activity of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase was lower in calves fed the Mo diet than in calves fed the Cu diet. Serum total antibodies to porcine erythrocytes (primary response) were lower in calves fed the Mo diet than in calves fed the Cu diet at 7, 14, and 21 d postinoculation. Production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 by isolated peripheral blood monocytes was not significantly affected by treatment. Although no differences were apparent in plasma or liver Cu concentrations among calves fed the control, Mo, and Cu + Mo diets, calves fed the Mo diet had a more severe Cu deficiency based on depressed humoral immune response and superoxide dismutase activity.     

原子吸收光谱法测定电解锰中铅锌

近年来,电解锰的用途越来越广泛,利用它生产一些高纯的化合物如乙酸锰,对铅锌的限制很严,但电解锰中铅、锌的测定迄今未见标准分析方法。我们参照文献[1-3]利用火焰原子吸收光谱法对电解锰中的铅、锌进行测定,经加标回收试验,获得了满意的结果。     

原子吸收光谱法连续测定金精矿中的银铜铅锌

针对金精矿日常化验中银、铜、铅、锌需分别溶样测定,浪费人力、时间,采用火焰原子吸收法一次溶样连续测定样品中的银、铜、铅、锌。金精矿采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混酸完全消解,盐酸(1+9)溶液定容,原子吸收光谱法进行测定。该方法加入标准物质回收率为96.9%~107.7%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)为1.17%~7.07%,检出限分别为Cu 0.001 5μg/m L、Pb 0.029 9μg/m L、Zn 0.011 2μg/m L、Ag 0.001 9μg/m L。该方法对金精矿中银、铜、铅、锌的测定结果与国家标准方法测定值相符。     

Influence of vegetative cycle of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) on copper, iron, zinc and manganese content

A case is reported of a 51-year-old woman who had a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in the same year, following a radical mastoidectomy for breast cancer with metastases to the axillary lymph nodes. Histological examination showed breast cancer metastatic to uterine leiomyoma. The literature about metastasis of extragenital cancer to a leiomyoma is reviewed, and the possible mechanism involved is discussed.     

Estimation of plasma volume in Holstein and Jersey calves

The concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) G in the blood of neonatal calves shortly after birth is a widely used criterion to determine the degree of acquisition of passive immunity. Another method used to determine the biological mechanisms of IgG absorption is calculation of the apparent efficiency of IgG absorption. Estimation of the efficiency of IgG absorption requires the estimation of plasma volume in neonatal calves. Previous estimates of plasma volume in a few calves of varying breeds have been made; the estimates ranged from 7 to 14.5% of body weight (BW). Holstein (n = 97 from four farms) and Jersey (n = 49 from one farm) calves were fed fresh maternal colostrum or colostrum that had been previously frozen. Calves were fed 2 L of colostrum at 4.1 h (SE = 0.2; range = 0.3 to 11.0 h) and 12 h later. Plasma volume was measured by determining the concentration of Evans' blue dye in a jugular blood sample collected 10 min after injection of approximately 1.5 ml of 1.5% Evans' blue dye. Factors that affected plasma volume (milliliters) were BW, breed, and age at sampling; r2 of the regression was 0.60. Factors that affected plasma volume (percentage of BW) were BW, breed, and age at sampling; r2 of the regression was 0.08. Mean plasma volume for all calves was 3162 ml (SE = 79) and was 9.86% of birth BW (SE = 0.15%). Mean plasma volume was 2250 ml (9.71% of BW) and 3623 ml (9.94% of BW) for Jersey and Holstein calves, respectively. Body weight was the best predictor of plasma volume.     

Effects of infection on plasma levels of copper and zinc in ewes

Plasma copper and zinc in 20 ewes, healthy or infected with chronic postpartum metritis or mastitis, have been determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma protein profile was measured by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate plates, and albumin and ceruloplasmin were determined colorimetrically. For the ten initial days, plasma copper and ceruloplasmin increased in plasma zinc decreased in spite of a daily drenching of 200 mg Zn/ewe (as sulfate). Fibrinogen and IgG2 increased and albumin decreased slightly indicating an infectious process. After a five day period of intramuscular injection with chloramphenicol, tetracycline and prednisolone, plasma zinc increased but copper remained unchanged. It may be concluded that hypozincemia should not be attributed to a zinc deficiency without any information on biochemical parameters specific for inflammation of infection. An inflammatory hypozincemia is not affected by a zinc treatment even at a high level.     

Diffusion of vanadium,chromium, and manganese in copper

The diffusion coefficients of vanadium, chromium and manaanese in copper have been determined by the residual activity method with radioactive tracers V⁴⁸, Cr⁵¹ and Mn⁵⁴ in the temperature ranges between 955 and 1342 K, between 999 and 1338 K and between 971 and 1253 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients is expressed by the following Arrhenius equations along with the probable errors:D _V/Cu = (2.48 _-0.44 ^+0.53 ) x 10⁻⁴ exp [-(215 ± 2) kJ mol⁻¹/RT] m² per s,D _Cr/Cu = (0.337 _-0.090 ^+0.124 ) x 10⁻⁴ exp [-(195 ± 3) kJ mol⁻¹/RT] m² per s,D _Mn/Cu = (1.02 _-0.18 ^+0.22 ) x 10⁻⁴ exp [-(200 ± 2) kJ mol⁻¹/RT] m² per s. Anomalous penetration profiles for the diffusion of Cr⁵¹ and Mn⁵⁴ in the present results suggest that experimental results onD _Cr/Cu andD _Mn/Cu in the past have been influenced by oxidation and evaporation of the chemically active radiotracers during annealing for diffusion. formerly Graduate Student, Tohoku University     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定云冈石窟风化岩石中钙铜铁锰

采用HF-HNO3-HClO4混酸消化样品,HNO3溶解盐类,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定试液中钙、铜、铁、锰的含量。对共存离子的干扰情况进行了考察,发现大量的Si对测定有干扰,在处理样品时通过生成SiF4除去;磷、铝、钛等元素对钙的化学干扰,通过加入释放剂SrCl2消除。背景吸收使用氘灯扣除。采用标准曲线法测定,Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn的校准曲线的线性范围分别为0.00~20.00μg/mL、0.00~6.00μg/mL、0.00~10.00μg/mL、0.00~6.00μg/mL,检出限分别为0.000 3μg/mL、0.001 3μg/mL、0.002 6μg/mL、0.006 9μg/mL。方法用于云冈石窟风化岩石中钙、铜、铁、锰的测定,相对标准偏差分别为2.8%、3.0%、1.4%、2.9%,加标回收率在96%~110%之间。     

Oral intake of cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, nickel, manganese and zinc in the university student's diet

A duplicate diet meal study was carried out with a group of university students living in a hostel, in order to estimate the intake of Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb. Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Cd, Co and Pb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a nitric acid wet digestion procedure. The estimated intake values from the contents of breakfast, lunch, dinner and drinks were compared with the values of the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) in the case of Cd and Pb, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of Co, Fe and Zn and Estimated Safe and Adequate Dietetic Daily Intake (ESADDI) of Cu and Mn. Neither excessive intake of Pb and Cd nor deficiencies in Zn, Co, Fe, Mn or Ni were observed, but Cu intake was lower than the ESADDI.     

Liquid-liquid extraction of divalent manganese,cobalt, copper,zinc and cadmium from aqueous chloride solutions by tricaprylmethylammonium chloride

The distribution of divalent manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc and cadmium between aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and/or lithium chloride and the solutions of tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat-336, R₃R′NCl) in benzene has been investigated under different conditions. It is found that the extraction of these metals by Aliquat-336 proceeds as MCl₄^2?(aq) + 2 R₃R′NCI(org) ? (R₃R′N)₂MCI₄ (org) + 2 Cl^?(aq). The extraction curves have been examined utilizing a modified chemical model on the basis of this equilibrium equation. In addition, the electronic, electron spin resonance and infrared spectral results suggest that all the complexes formed in the organic phases are in a tetrahedral arrangement.     

ICP-MS法测定金属铝中铜、钛、锌、锰、钴5种痕量杂质元素

用标准加入法以电感耦合等离子体质谱测定金属中铝、铜、钛、锌、锰、钴,建立了一种简便、快速测定金属铝中杂质元素的分析方法。实验中考察了5元素同时测定的仪器参数、Rh内标的校正作用,以及酸度、样品基体效应等因素对测定结果的影响。各元素回收率在90.8%～123%间,检出限均<1.5ng/mL,测定下限为0.0001%,相对标准偏差均<10%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定滑石粉中酸溶金属元素铬锰锌铜

以王水作溶剂,微波消解法消解样品,选择267.7、257.6、213.8和324.7 nm波长的光谱线分别作为铬、锰、锌和铜的分析线,在发射功率为1 250 W、辅助气流量为0.60 L/min、雾化器压力为26 psi的优化条件下以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定了滑石粉中酸溶金属元素铬、锰、锌、铜含量。样品中的基体组分硅酸镁在王水中的溶解量很少,对测定没有影响。当测定待测元素浓度均为2.0 μg/mL的溶液时,20.0 μg/mL的铁、镁、钙、铝、锌、镍、铜对待测元素的干扰均小于5%。由于滑石粉中这些元素含量小于1%,因此它们对测定的影响可以忽略。铬、锰、锌、铜的检出限分别为0.004 8、0.003 8、0.001、0.002 6 μg/mL。滑石粉样品分析结果的相对标准偏差（n=8）在1.1%～4.2%之间,回收率在93%～107%之间,测定结果与ICP-MS法基本吻合。