酸性染料与阳离子染料的相互作用--电导率法和紫外可见光谱法的研究

酸性／阳离于染料对酸性染料可染纤维与阳离于染料可染纤维混纺交织制品一浴法染色时易出现因阴阳离于相互作用而引起的沉淀现象，有关这种相互作用的理论研究对实际生产合理选用染料和助剂具有重要的意义。电子率法和紫外可见光光语法的研究结果表明，酸性和阳离于染料基本上按理论摩尔比发生库仑力作用，并形成复合物，酸性染料与隔离型阳离于染料相互作用强烈，酸性染料的硫水越强，与阳离于染料相互作用的程度就越大。     

分光光度法测定水中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的含量

通过可见光谱法研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与甲基橙(MO)的显色反应,提出采用分光光度法测定水中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的方法。结果表明,在体积分数为20%乙醇水溶液中,CTAB与MO形成1∶1的黄色离子缔合物,最大吸收波长位于470 nm处,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.404×103L.mol-1.cm-1,CTAB的浓度在0~6.0×10-4mol/L符合比耳定律。方法简便,快速,适于水样中CTAB的测定。     

苏氨酸三肽与DNA相互作用的研究

利用紫外-可见光谱法和凝胶电泳法研究了在人体正常的生理环境下苏氨酸三肽与DNA的相互作用。结果表明:苏氨酸三肽可与DNA发生相互作用,二者的作用模式为沟槽结合,结合常数为K=6.4×105L·mol-1,最大结合数n=7.04。     

酸性染料与阳离子表面活性剂相互作用机理研究

本文探索了新型表面活性剂(OEMD-20)对三芳甲烷染料C.1.酸性蓝9(AB9)在水溶液中聚集行为的影响,考察了染料和表面活性剂之间的相互作用.紫外-可见光谱研究结果表明:AB9在水中的聚集导致其最大吸收波长蓝移;在CMC以下,OEMD-20与AB9分子通过静电引力形成离子对,不影响其最大吸收波长;在CMC以上,OEMD-20与AB9的相互作用导致其最大吸收波长红移,染料分子通过静电引力进入表面活性剂的胶束,彼此间被隔离起来,防止了染料分子间的相互作用.     

双偶氮黄色分散染料与表面活性剂及无机盐的相互作用

应用紫外-可见分光光谱法研究了黄色双偶氮类分散染料与不同种类表面活性剂及无机盐的相互作用。结果表明:表面活性剂使黄色分散染料最大吸收波长红移,且对其有分散、增溶作用;十二烷基磺酸钠促进染料分散、增溶作用最好;无机盐对染料的最大吸收峰没有影响;NaCl对染料的分散起抑制作用,Na2SO4在低浓度时促进染料聚集,当浓度达到一定程度时,Na2SO4对染料溶液的分散起促进作用,但这种促进作用明显小于表面活性剂。     

纳米银的制备及与Hg~(2+)的相互作用

制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮纳米银溶液和明胶纳米银溶液,通过紫外-可见分光光度法研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮纳米银溶液与Hg(Ⅱ)的相互作用,并建立了一种通过纳米银溶液测定Hg(Ⅱ)的新方法。     

表面活性剂对化学镀镍-磷体系热力学的影响

为确定表面活性剂对化学镀镍体系的影响程度,采用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了固定工艺条件下苯磺酸钠(SBS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基羟基磺丙基甜菜碱(DHSB)、琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠(AOT)等5种表面活性剂在铜基体上相对沉积量θ和吸附自由能ΔG的变化。结果表明,加入表面活性剂的ΔGS与未加表面活性剂的基础镀液的ΔGI差的绝对值小于3.5 kJ/mol;在含有表面活性剂的镀液体系中,固/液相界面所吸附的镍离子量存在一个限度;镀层沉积速率的高低与体系ΔG,ΔS,ΔH的值并不呈正相关性,影响该速率的能量基于化学能与镀层的结构及组成成分的差异所消耗的能量等方面。     

纳米银的制备及与Hg2＋的相互作用

制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮纳米银溶液和明胶纳米银溶液,通过紫外-可见分光光度法研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮纳米银溶液与Hg（Ⅱ）的相互作用,并建立了一种通过纳米银溶液测定Hg（Ⅱ）的新方法.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵增敏二甲酚橙光度法测定化妆品中铅

在六次甲基四胺缓冲溶液体系中(pH=5 5),铅(Ⅱ)-二甲酚橙(XO)-表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)形成红色的三元离子缔合物,其最大吸收波长为594nm,比不加表面活性剂红移了54nm。摩尔吸光系数为1 86×105L·mol-1·cm-1。含铅量在0～2μg/mL内符合比耳定律,线性回归方程为A=0 088+0 0132c(μg/mL),相关系数为0 9891。用于化妆品中微量铅离子的测定,回收率为96 0%～102 0%     

分光光度法测定酸性染料相对强度的研究

本文选取了10支酸性染料,利用分光光度法测试不同浓度下的吸光度,分别绘制不同浓度下的分光光度曲线,考察实验方法的精密度,并通过分光相对强度和在织物上的染色相对强度对比,证明了分光法测定酸性染料相对强度的可行性。     

Ratiometric Interactions of Anionic Surfactants with Calf Thymus DNA Bound Cationic Surfactants: Study II

Cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) bind to the calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) like anionic biopolymers electrostatically, and establish equilibrium in aqueous medium at pH 7. At low concentration, ct‐DNA does not interact with anionic surfactants, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzylsulfonate (SDBS). However, in the ground state, anionic surfactant is found to clearly establish equilibrium with ct‐DNA‐bound cationic surfactant whereby the same surfactant–DNA isosbestic point reappears. We herein report a detail ratiometric binding of CPB with ct‐DNA, and interaction of anionic SDBS with DNA‐bound CPB in comparison with the combined ct‐DNA–CTAB–SDS system. Compaction of ct‐DNA in presence of CPB and its decompaction using anionic SDBS is also studied in comparison with CTAB–SDS combination. The techniques used are tensiometry, spectrophotometry, viscometry, cyclic voltammetry, circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimetry, and density functional theory (DFT)‐based computational calculations. The size and surface charge density of the surfactant headgroups and the phosphate group in DNA have a contributing role in the DNA compaction–decompaction phenomenon.     

Interactions between Anionic Polyacrylamide and Cationic Gemini/Conventional Surfactants

The interaction of anionic polymer polyacrylamide and cationic Gemini surfactants, namely: α,ω-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium)alkane dibromides, (16-s-16), s = 5, 6 and their conventional counterpart cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been investigated by electrical conductivity, rheology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Stronger interaction of Gemini surfactants in comparison to their conventional counterpart CTAB was observed from conductivity studies, while viscosity studies show that the interaction is quite significant with Gemini surfactants. The thermodynamic parameters for interactions show feasibility of interaction between the polymer and surfactant. SEM results support the viscosity data.     

Amido-Amine-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactants: Thermal and Interfacial Properties and Interactions with Cationic Polyacrylamide

Experimental studies were conducted to investigate thermal and interfacial properties of two in‐house synthesized amido‐amine‐based cationic gemini surfactants namely: dodecanoic acid [3‐({4‐[(3‐dodecanoylamino‐propyl)‐dimethyl‐amino]‐butyl}‐dimethyl‐amino)‐propyl]‐amide dibromide ( 12‐4‐12 ) and dodecanoic acid [3‐({6‐[(3‐dodecanoylamino‐propyl)‐dimethyl‐amino]‐hexyl}‐dimethyl‐amino)‐propyl]‐amide dibromide ( 12‐6‐12 ). Thermogravimetric analysis showed the excellent thermal stability of surfactants and no structural degradation was observed at temperatures up to 250 °C. The long‐term thermal stability of the surfactants was investigated with the aid of spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR (¹H and ¹³C) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Both surfactants were found to be thermally stable, and no changes in structure were observed after aging for 10 days at 90 °C. The interfacial tension of the surfactants was measured at three different temperatures (30, 60, and 80 °C), and the results showed a decrease in interfacial tension with increasing temperature and increasing spacer length of the surfactants. Rheological measurements were used to assess the interactions between the cationic gemini surfactant and cationic polyacrylamide. The addition of cationic surfactant reduced the viscosity and storage modulus of the polymer at low shear rate and frequency due to surfactant–polymer interactions and charge screening. The investigated surfactant–polymer system has great potential in high‐temperature carbonate reservoirs, where conventional anionic surfactants are not recommended due to high adsorption.     

Study of the Influence of Gemini Cationic Surfactants on the Dyeing and Fastness Properties of Polyester Fabrics Using Naphthalimide Dyes

In this paper, the dyeing and fastness properties of three monoazo naphthalimide dyes including different imide groups (dye 1: ethyl amine, dye 2: ethyl glycinate and dye 3: glycine) on a polyester fabric were investigated in the presence of two gemini cationic surfactants (symbolized as 12‐4‐12 or 14‐4‐14) and a conventional single chain surfactant, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The color strength (K/S) of naphthalimide dyes on polyester fabric was measured through the reflectance spectrophotometric method, and the values obtained in the presence of different cationic surfactants increased in the order of dye 3 < dye 2 < dye 1. Although the K/S values indicated that the gemini cationic surfactants had almost no effect on the dyeing behavior of dye 1, but they were effective in dyeing ability of dye 2 and dye 3. The data for dye 2 demonstrated that build up of polyester fabrics in the presence of gemini surfactants are more than the conventional cationic surfactant, and also K/S values of dye 3 on polyester fabrics were in the order: DTAB > 12‐4‐12 > 14‐4‐14. It was found that the washing and rubbing fastness properties improved with increasing the concentration of surfactants. In addition, the sublimation fastness of dye 3 was more than the other dyes owing to the presence of a polar group in its chemical structure, and the light fastness of naphthalimide dyes on polyester fabrics was generally moderate.     

酸性染料商品化加工工艺探讨

本文探讨了pH、助剂和研磨对酸性染料性能的影响。实验结果显示:适宜的pH和助剂可提高酸性染料的溶解度,研磨对提高酸性染料的溶解度没有作用且使色光变暗。     

Interactions of Polyacrylamide with Cationic Surfactants: Thermodynamic and Surface Parameters

The aggregation behaviour of two cationic surfactants, viz. cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and N-cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), in different concentrations of water-soluble polyacrylamide has been studied in alkaline medium by electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements. A decrease in the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant with an increase in polymer content in the mixture was observed. The thermodynamic and surface parameters have been determined and discussed. The results indicate that micellisation becomes more favourable at higher polymer content.     

阳离子染料匀染剂的合成与应用研究

本文对阳离子染料的上染特性曲线以及加入匀染剂TAN(1227)的上染特性曲线进行对比研究,合成了两种阳离子匀染剂十二烷基二甲基羟乙基氯化胺(LHAC)和十二烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵(LEAB),其匀染性能较为理想。另外,分别对阳离子匀染剂的复配物以及阳离子匀染剂与非离子匀染剂的复配物进行应用实验。结果表明,复配物的匀染性能都明显优于单独使用的阳离子匀染剂。从而为高性能阳离子匀染剂的研制和开发提供了依据。     

两种酸性染料染色单板光变色影响因素的探讨

本研究以杨木和桦木单板为试材,经双氧水漂白处理、酸性大红GR和酸性湖蓝V染色处理等工艺得到染色单板,对染色单板进行100小时氙光辐射实验,并利用CIE(1976)L*a*b*分析辐射过程中染色单板的光变色规律及树种、漂白处理、染料结构、染液浓度等因素对染色单板光变色的影响。结果表明:树种和染液浓度对染色单板的光变色影响不大,染料结构是影响染色单板耐光性的主要因素;漂白处理后,染色单板的耐光性显著下降;随着辐射时间的延长,染色单板的光变色呈增加的趋势,光变色程度与a*、b*值的变化显著相关,染色单板黄化现象严重。     

七只新酸性染料的合成

2-氨基苯酚-4-(2′-羧基)磺酰苯胺重氮化,分别与乙酰乙酰苯胺、2-萘酚、1-(3′-磺酰氨基苯基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮、尼文酸、1-乙酰氨基-7-萘酚等偶合,得到不同的偶氮化合物,然后分别与硫酸铬或氯化钴进行络合反应,得到黄、橙、红、紫、蓝多种颜色染料,并进行了毛织品的染色实验。目标产物色彩艳丽,牢度良好,潜在着较大的研究与开发价值[1]。     

甘氨酸酯衍生物低聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的研究

以氯乙酸乙二醇双酯、氯乙酸三羟甲基丙烷三酯、氯乙酸季戊四醇四酯和长链叔胺为原料 ,异丙醇为溶剂 ,合成了 3种甘氨酸酯衍生物低聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂 (SAA1、SAA2、SAA3) ,用IR谱、1HNMR谱表征了其结构 ,研究了其水溶液性质。结果表明 ,SAA1、SAA2、SAA3的CMC分别为 9 1× 10 -4 、6 4× 10 -4 和 1 2× 10 -4 mol/L ,低于相应的单季铵盐[H2 5C12 N(CH3 ) 2 CH2 COOC2 H5]+ Cl-(SAA0 )的CMC(8 9mmol/L) ,瞬时泡高分别为 16 2、16 7和 16 3mm ,高于SAA0的瞬时泡高 (15 7mm)。