单晶高温合金定向凝固的热分析计算数学模型

定向凝固过程的热分析计算包括对如下一些热参数的测定和计算:如铸件上的湿度场和温度梯度场;凝固区固、液相界面上的温度梯度、生长速度和冷却速度;凝固区的宽度和局部凝固时间等。由于定向凝固铸件的力学性能在很大程度上与铸态组织有关,而铸态组织又取决于凝固过程的热参数,因此研究这些参数对合金凝固过程的影响在理论和实践上都有很大意义。由于单晶合金铸件不允许在定向凝固过程中出现多晶,所以对凝固过程的控制要求更加严格。为了确定合适的单晶合金的定向凝固工艺和了解热参数对凝固特性的影响,首先要对热参数进行准确的测定和计算。 本文提出的热分析计算数学模型基本上符合单晶合金定向凝固的热过程,计算结果正确     

抽拉速率对一种镍基单晶高温合金凝固参数和凝固组织的影响

研究了不同的铸型抽拉速率对镍基单晶高温合金DD98的凝固参数及显微组织的影响，结果表明，随着抽拉速度降低，固－液界面前沿的温度梯度显著提高，糊状区宽度减小，抽位速度较低时，温度梯度在整个凝固过程中变化比较平稳，提高抽拉速率使DD98合金由胞状凝固转变为枝状凝固，γ′相尺寸减小，并且由不规则形状逐渐变为规则的立方体形状，γ／γ′共晶量增加，共晶中的初生γ′相尺寸逐渐减小。     

镍基高温合金定向凝固过程中雀斑缺陷研究进展

本文简述了近年来定向和单晶镍基高温合金凝固过程中雀斑缺陷的研究进展,具体论述了雀斑缺陷的形成机制以及雀斑的预判模型,并从合金成分、凝固参数(抽拉速率和温度梯度)、凝固界面形态以及试样形状和尺寸等方面分析和论述了这些因素对雀斑缺陷形成的影响,最后对未来镍基高温合金中雀斑缺陷的研究方向进行了探讨和展望。     

镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固的数值模拟

概述了目前国内外镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固数值模拟的研究进展,定向凝固过程的数值模拟由宏观向微观转变,详细介绍了微观组织数值模拟的几种主要方法：决定论方法、随机论方法和相场方法,评述了这几种方法的特点以及局限性,指出宏观和微观现象的完整耦合可以对镍基单晶高温合金凝固过程做出更加准确的模拟预测。     

镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固的数值模拟

概述了目前国内外镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固数值模拟的研究进展,定向凝固过程的数值模拟由宏观向微观转变,详细介绍了微观组织数值模拟的几种主要方法:决定论方法、随机论方法和相场方法,评述了这几种方法的特点以及局限性,指出宏观和微观现象的完整耦合可以对镍基单晶高温合金凝固过程做出更加准确的模拟预测。     

温度梯度条件下糊状区的凝固行为研究

利用一个垂直的定向凝固装置,研究了Al-6wt%Cu合金在温度梯度约12K/mm条件下,糊状区在保温不同时间并激冷后得到的微观组织及成分分布特征.SEM/EDX分析表明,糊状区在保温时间内将发生自发的、以扩散机制为主的、类似TGZM效应的凝固过程.完全凝固后所形成的成分梯度与温度梯度的对应关系对于预测定向凝固过程中固液相界面温度以及相平衡测定具有重要意义.     

DD6单晶高温合金导向叶片定向凝固过程数值模拟

建立涡轮导向叶片三维实体模型,采用有限元软件ProCAST对DD6单晶高温合金导向叶片凝固过程温度场进行数值模拟;测试DD6单晶高温合金导向叶片不同位置凝固过程的温度变化.结果表明:数值模拟结果与实测结果偏差小于5％,吻合良好;导向叶片叶身的温度梯度大部分保持在25～45℃/cm范围内,缘板处温度梯度约为35℃/cm,...     

单晶高温合金定向凝固过程数值模拟

实测了不同抽拉速度单晶高温定向凝固过程的初始条件,边界条件及温度场,建立了数值模拟系统的实体模型,采用ＰｒｏＣＡＳＴ有限元模拟软件包计算了不同抽拉速度单晶合金试板的定向凝固过程温度场。     

强磁场下Cu-50%Ag合金定向凝固过程中的组织及固液界面形貌演变

目的 研究强磁场下Cu-50%(质量分数)Ag合金定向凝固过程中的组织演变、固液界面形貌变化及溶质迁移行为,分析强磁场对金属凝固过程的作用机制,为强磁场下的金属材料制备提供理论借鉴和指导。方法 在不同的凝固速率与磁场条件下进行定向凝固和淬火实验,对合金的定向凝固组织、糊状区与固液界面形貌以及溶质分布行为进行考察。结果 强磁场破坏了凝固组织的定向生长,使凝固组织转变为枝晶与等轴晶共存的形貌;强磁场诱发了熔体对流,减少了糊状区中溶质的含量;强磁场改变了固液界面处的溶质分布和固液界面形貌,破坏了固液界面的稳定性。结论 强磁场通过洛伦兹力和热电磁力的共同作用,诱发了糊状区内液相的纵向环流,改变了固液界面及糊状区中的组织形貌与元素分布。     

第二代单晶高温合金空心涡轮叶片凝固过程数值模拟研究

为优化单晶空心涡轮叶片制造工艺及降低制造成本 ,采用 90年代ProCAST大型软件包对单晶空心涡轮叶片的凝固过程进行数值模拟 .建立了空心叶片模拟系统的实体模型 ,对其进行四面体网格剖分 ;计算并测试了单晶高温合金空心叶片定向凝固过程温度场 ,进行了单晶空心叶片定向凝固过程工艺优化 .结果表明 :计算结果和测试结果吻合良好 ,在大于 1 2 0 0℃时误差小于 2 % ;通过分析单晶高温合金空心涡轮叶片的凝固过程 ,对单晶空心叶片定向凝固过程工艺优化 ,获得良好的效果 .     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from