Q235B与304L异种钢焊接工艺评定

对氨回收塔用Q235B与304L的异种钢焊接进行了工艺评定;对弯曲试件产生裂纹的原因进行了分析;确定了符合JB 4708—2000《钢制压力容器焊接工艺评定》要求的焊接材料和焊接工艺参数。     

大型CFBB旋风分离器焊接工艺及变形控制

文中介绍了大型循环流化床锅炉部套之一旋风分离器在厂内制作的焊接工艺和变形控制措施,通过采用合理的焊接和热处理工艺、严格控制焊接过程以及焊接胎架的使用,有效地控制了旋风分离器的整体变形,并且焊接生产效率和质量同样得到保障,满足了产品的制作技术要求。     

液气分离器石棉衬垫法埋弧自动焊焊接工艺评定

板厚8—12 mm的液气分离器筒体采用埋弧焊+焊条电弧焊的焊接工艺,生产效率低,工作量大,焊接质量不稳定.详述改进后的石棉板衬垫法埋弧自动焊焊接工艺评定过程,焊接工艺评定结果合格.继而在多台液气分离器产品推广应用,实践证明此改进工艺可操作性和适用性强,保证了焊接质量,取得了较好的效果.     

美国ASTM321不锈钢的埋弧焊工艺

本公司在为福州第二化工厂制造不锈钢回收分离器时,使用了美国ASTM321不锈钢材料,该分离器自身总质量21t,直径3 400 mm,板厚32 mm,为Ⅲ类压力容器.其材质相当于国产0Cr18Ni9不锈钢,对此类不锈钢的焊接,一般是采用焊条电弧焊工艺.为提高焊接效率,保证产品质量,采用了埋弧焊.     

矿石车用Nirosta4003不锈钢的焊接工艺

通过对新型铁素体不锈钢Nirosta4003进行常规焊接工艺试验,了解了该种材料的焊接性,针对供货厂家提供的焊接材料,进行了对比焊接工艺试验,确定了匹配的焊接材料与合适的焊接工艺参数,制定出合理的焊接工艺方案,保证了产品的制造质量.该材料已成功地应用于出口澳大利亚力拓公司矿石车的生产.     

双相不锈钢在高压换热器制造中的应用

双相不锈钢焊接接头的力学性能和耐蚀性取决于接头能否保持适当的相比例,正确选用焊接材料,严格控制焊接热输入量以及制定合理的焊接工艺,避免焊后消除应力处理是双相不锈钢焊接的关键。本文通过焊接工艺试验、焊接工艺评定及产品的施焊证明,所选用的焊接方法、焊接材料、焊接工艺规范正确合理。     

现代焊接技师培训（五十八）

焊接是金属制造业中不可或缺的重要加工工艺,而要完成一项完美的焊接工程,获得满意的焊接质量,工件、材料、环境、焊机、焊接方法、焊接参数、焊工技能、焊接材料、焊接结构、焊后处理等均至关重要。合理的、科学的焊接材料分析和设计,关系到焊接工艺的成败,更是焊缝和工件优良质量的保证。     

现代焊接技师培训（六十四）

焊接是金属制造业中不可或缺的重要加工工艺,而要完成一项完美的焊接工程,获得满意的焊接质量,其涉及到的工件、材料、环境、焊机、焊接方法、焊接参数、焊工技能、焊接材料、焊接结构、焊后处理等均至关重要。合理的、科学的焊接材料分析和设计,关系到焊接工艺的成败,更是焊缝和工件优良质量的保证：     

05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb与304L焊接的工艺方法与焊接材料的选用

05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢与304L奥氏体不锈钢材料的焊接是属于不锈钢材料分属不同金相组织的焊接工艺方法.针对马氏体组织的焊接特殊性,制定其使用的焊接工艺及焊接材料,并充分考虑马氏体组织的焊接裂纹倾向、焊接热输入量的控制、焊接接头的力学性能等方面因素.     

高端液压支架焊接工艺

从母材成分、焊接材料、焊接参数、焊接顺序及焊后热处理等方面对高端支架高强钢的焊接工艺进行探讨;制定出合理的焊接工艺,达到控制结构件焊接变形,保证结构件的焊接质量的目的.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.