右旋龙脑促进姜黄素抑制A375黑色素瘤细胞增殖的研究

本文运用MTT实验考察姜黄素和右旋龙脑分别在单独作用和联合作用时对黑色素瘤细胞A375存活率的影响,并进一步运用流式细胞术分析右旋龙脑联合姜黄素抑制黑色素瘤细胞A375增殖的原因。结果表明,姜黄素单独作用对A375细胞增殖有显著的抑制效应,而右旋龙脑单独作用对A375细胞增殖没有表现出明显的抑制作用。当用40μg/m L右旋龙脑预处理3 h,再与20μmol/L姜黄素联合作用A375细胞72 h后,其细胞存活率达到最低为10.93%,这比20μmol/L姜黄素单独处理时细胞的存活率降低了18.27%。进一步的流式结果表明,相比单独姜黄素处理,右旋龙脑与姜黄素联合处理后能明显提高Sub G1峰和G2/M比例,右旋龙脑(40μg/m L)与姜黄素(20μmol/L)联合作用黑色素瘤细胞A375后,其Sub G1和G2/M的含量分别从对照组的2.0%和16.4%升高到16.8%和40.1%,表明右旋龙脑与姜黄素主要是通过诱导细胞凋亡和G2/M阻滞来抑制黑色素瘤细胞A375增殖。     

5-羟甲基糠醛抗氧化性及其抗细胞增殖活性的研究

本文采用ABTS法、DPPH法和红细胞溶血试验来评价5-羟甲基糠醛的抗氧化性,并在溶血试验中,通过环境扫描电镜（ESEM）对血红细胞的形貌进行直观的观察;同时,采用MTT实验考察5-羟甲基糠醛的抗细胞增殖活性。结果表明,当5-羟甲基糠醛浓度为6.4 mM时,5-HMF对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率分别为53.98±0.016%和17.80±0.010%,说明5-羟甲基糠醛具有清除ABTS和DPPH自由基的能力;且当5-羟甲基糠醛浓度为12.0 mM时,其对红细胞的溶血抑制率高达89.95±0.001%,说明它可以抑制AAPH诱导的血红细胞氧化损伤,并通过环境扫描电镜（ESEM）观察血红细胞的形貌进一步验证了这一结论。5-羟甲基糠醛能抑制人正常肝细胞L02、皮肤黑色素瘤细胞A375和结肠癌细胞SW480的增殖,其中对A375细胞具有最大的活性,这一结论通过倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化得到进一步验证。     

姜黄素超分子包合物抑制HepG2肝癌细胞的增殖

对姜黄素超分子包合物抑制HepG2肝癌细胞增殖的作用进行研究。采用MTT法考察不同浓度的姜黄素超分子包合物(40～640μg/mL)处理HepG2细胞不同时间(24h、48h和72h)后对其细胞存活率的影响。然后,采用流式细胞术和测定Caspase 3/8/9酶活来探讨姜黄素超分子包合物抑制HepG2细胞增殖的作用机理。实验结果表明,随着姜黄素超分子包合物处理时间和浓度的增加,HepG2细胞的存活率呈现出逐渐下降的趋势,当处理时间为72h,姜黄素超分子包合物浓度为640μg/mL时,细胞的存活率达到最低为9.81%±1.00%。进一步的流式细胞术分析得知,HepG2细胞内的凋亡细胞数目随着姜黄素超分子包合物浓度的增加而增加,当细胞经640μg/mL姜黄素超分子包合物处理72h后,其细胞内凋亡细胞的数目(Sub-G1)达到最高为93.43%。通过对Caspase 3/8/9的酶活进行检测发现,Caspase 3/8/9的酶活也是随着姜黄素超分子包合物浓度的增加而增加,当640μg/mL姜黄素超分子包合物处理细胞72h后,Caspase 3/8/9的酶活达到最大。进一步地Western blot实验结果也表明,随着姜黄素超分子包合物浓度的增加,Caspase 3/8/9的蛋白表达水平呈升高趋势。上述实验结果表明,姜黄素超分子包合物是通过线粒体途径和死亡受体途径来诱导细胞发生凋亡从而抑制HepG2细胞增殖。     

姜黄素超分子包合物的体外抗肿瘤活性评价

对姜黄素超分子包合物的体外抗肿瘤活性进行评价。采用Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)比色法检测包合物(40、80、160、320、640 μg/mL)对不同肿瘤细胞(A375黑色素瘤细胞、A549肺癌细胞、Hela宫颈癌细胞和MCF-7乳腺癌细胞)处理不同时间(24、48、72 h)后对其细胞存活率的影响,并进一步运用Annexin-V/PI双染检测包合物抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的原因。结果表明,四种细胞的存活率均随着包合物浓度和处理时间的增加呈下降趋势,并且包合物对A375细胞的增殖具有最强的抑制作用,其IC₅₀达到最低,为476.4 μg/mL。进一步的检测发现,当包合物处理A375细胞后,细胞凋亡的数量随着包合物浓度的升高而升高,从对照组的3.3%上升到35.0%,这表明,包合物通过诱导细胞凋亡来抑制A375细胞增殖。     

Nrf2-ARE信号通路参与姜黄素对Aβ诱导细胞氧化损伤和凋亡的抑制作用研究

本文研究了Nrf2-ARE通路在姜黄素介导的抑制β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)诱导SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤及细胞凋亡过程中的作用。在没有/含有姜黄素预先保护情况下,10μM Aβ培养细胞24 h,观察细胞形态的变化,测定细胞存活率、细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放水平,评价细胞培养液中H2O2及胞内活性氧水平,SDS-PAGE酶联免疫法测定Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果表明,与对照组相比,Aβ损伤组细胞突起变少、变短,胞体变圆,细胞存活能力降低、释放LDH的水平明显增加、氧化应激水平明显上升。与Aβ损伤组相比,姜黄素保护组细胞胞体突起较多、较长,细胞存活能力明显升高、释放LDH的水平明显降低、氧化应激水平也明显降低。姜黄素增强了Nrf2的表达,降低了Aβ诱导的Nrf2 Ser-40磷酸化及HO-1的相对表达水平。以上结果提示,姜黄素能够削弱Aβ诱导的氧化损伤和细胞凋亡作用,这可能与姜黄素对Nrf2-ARE通路的活性调节相关。     

紫苏籽皮提取物的自由基清除能力及抗癌活性

探讨紫苏籽皮提取物(PSCE)的体外自由基清除能力及其抗癌活性。结果表明,以DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除实验检测自由基清除能力。MTT法和平板克隆形成实验分别检测体外抗癌活性。PSCE具有较好的自由基清除能力,对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的半清除剂量(IC50)分别为105.53μg/mL和269.65μg/mL。同时,PSCE对A375SM人黑色素瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用呈浓度和时间依赖关系。     

亚麻木酚素对AAPH诱导的红细胞和肝组织氧化应激的保护作用

探讨了亚麻木酚素的抗氧化活性及机制,测定了亚麻木酚素对DPPH自由基的清除能力,建立AAPH氧化损伤大鼠红细胞和肝组织模型,研究了亚麻木酚素对氧化损伤红细胞溶血率和血红蛋白氧化率的影响,以及其对红细胞和肝组织氧化损伤模型丙二醛(MDA)和抗氧化酶的影响。结果显示:亚麻木酚素对DPPH自由基具有清除作用;亚麻木酚素对红细胞溶血和血红蛋白氧化的保护作用呈现浓度依赖性,与AAPH作用4 h的模型组相比,50μmol/L和100μmol/L亚麻木酚素的保护作用显著提高;在AAPH诱导的红细胞氧化应激模型中,100μmol/L和150μmol/L亚麻木酚素显著降低了AAPH损伤4 h时MDA含量,并显著提高了GSH-Px的酶活,150μmol/L亚麻木酚素显著增加了AAPH损伤2 h和4 h时的SOD和CAT的酶活;在AAPH诱导的肝组织模型中,150μmol/L亚麻木酚素能有效降低不同AAPH损伤时间(1～4 h)所增加的MDA含量,增加AAPH损伤4 h时降低的SOD和CAT酶活。说明亚麻木酚素具有抗氧化活性,能够抑制脂质过氧化,保护红细胞和肝组织内抗氧化酶系的活性。     

姜黄素对大肠癌细胞Caspase-3和PARP表达的影响

为了探讨姜黄素对LoVo细胞凋亡与凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3和多聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)表达的影响,明确其治疗大肠癌的生物学基础。用不同浓度姜黄素处理体外培养的人大肠癌LoVo细胞,采用MTT法检测姜黄素对LoVo细胞的增殖抑制作用,倒置显微镜观察姜黄素对LoVo细胞集落形成的影响;Hoechst33258染色法观察细胞凋亡;采用分光光度法检测Caspase-3酶活性;Western blotting检测姜黄素作用前后Caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达的差异。结果显示姜黄素可抑制人大肠癌LoVo细胞的生长増殖,并能抑制细胞集落的形成,降低细胞增殖生存率,激活Caspase-3的表达,呈量效和时间依赖性,20μmol/L以上浓度姜黄素能显著诱导LoVo细胞凋亡,上调Caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达。这表明姜黄素能显著抑制LoVo细胞的增殖并诱导其发生凋亡,其分子机制与调节Caspase-3和PARP的表达相关。     

辣木生物碱抑制宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖和诱导其凋亡的作用

研究辣木(Moringa Oleifera. Lam)叶生物碱对宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及可能机制。通过采用MTT法、克隆形成法、流式细胞术和western blot法检测经不同浓度辣木生物碱(20~320μg/mL)处理48 h后的Hela细胞增殖、凋亡情况和蛋白表达水平。研究结果表明,随着辣木生物碱浓度的增加,Hela细胞的存活率逐渐下降,当辣木生物碱浓度为160μg/m L时,细胞的存活率为35.87%(p<0.001),人正常结肠细胞NCW460的存活率为91.91%;克隆形成实验表明,辣木生物碱(40~160μg/mL)显著抑制Hela细胞克隆形成,抑制率分别为26.04%(p<0.05)、37.19%(p<0.01)和67.77%(p<0.001);当浓度为80μg/m L时,Hela细胞形态发生明显变化;进一步流式细胞术分析得知,Hela细胞内的凋亡细胞数随着辣木生物碱浓度的增加而增加,当细胞经160μg/mL辣木生物碱处理48 h后,其细胞内凋亡细胞数为42.10%(p<0.001),通过对凋亡蛋白表达水平检测发现,Bax/Bcl-2比率和Caspase9表达水平随着辣木生物碱浓度的增加而增加,当辣木生物碱浓度达到80μg/mL时,与对照相比有显著性差异。此外,辣木生物碱显著降低Stat3蛋白磷酸化水平和Cyclin D1蛋白表达水平,当辣木生物碱浓度达到160μg/m L时,与对照相比有显著性差异。以上实验结果表明,辣木生物碱具有抑制Hela细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的作用,其机制可能与抑制Stat3信号通路活化相关。     

姜黄素类化合物的体外抗氧化活性及其对鸡红细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

本实验旨在通过自由基清除实验和红细胞氧化应激模型比较3种姜黄素(curcumin,CUR)的体外抗氧化活性。在自由基实验中,选取CUR、去甲氧基姜黄素(demethoxycurcumin,DUR)和双去甲氧基姜黄素(bisdemethoxycurcumin,BUR)为研究对象,测定其2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid),ABTS)阳离子自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)清除率,铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(ferric-reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)和脂质过氧化抑制率。同时,选取人工合成的抗氧化剂二丁基羟基甲苯(butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT)和丁羟茴醚(butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA)作为参照物。结果显示,3种CUR均表现出良好的抗氧化活力,能有效清除ABTS阳离子自由基、DPPH自由基、·OH和O_2~-·,且其清除率呈现明显的浓度依赖性。与BHT相比,DUR对DPPH自由基的清除率显著提高(P0.05),CUR对DPPH自由基的清除率则显著降低(P0.05)。与BHA和BHT相比,3种CUR对·OH的清除率均有显著降低(P0.05)。与CUR相比,DUR和BUR对·OH的清除率显著提高(P0.05)。与DUR相比,BUR和CUR对O_2~-·的清除率显著提高(P0.05)。在浓度为400μmol/L时,BHA的FRAP最大,BUR的脂质过氧化抑制率最高。与CUR相比,BUR和DUR对脂质过氧化反应的抑制率显著提高(P0.05)。在红细胞氧化应激实验中,研究了3种CUR对2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丙基咪)二盐酸盐(2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride,AAPH)处理后的红细胞溶血率、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力的影响。结果显示,不同处理时间和不同浓度的3种CUR均可明显抑制AAPH诱导的红细胞溶血作用,降低MDA含量和提高SOD活力;且这种保护作用呈现浓度依赖性和时间依赖性。孵育5 h后,在20μmol/L时,与CUR组相比,DUR和BUR组的红细胞溶血率显著降低(P0.05);与CUR和DUR组相比,BUR组的红细胞MDA含量显著降低(P0.05);与BUR组相比,CUR和DUR组的红细胞SOD活力显著升高(P0.05)。结论:与CUR类似,BUR和DUR均表现出良好的抗氧化活性。3种CUR能有效地清除自由基,具有较高的FRAP和脂质过氧化抑制率,可保护红细胞免受AAPH诱导的氧化损伤。就ABTS阳离子自由基、·OH和O_2~-·清除率和脂质过氧化抑制率而言,BUR的活性最佳。在缓解红细胞氧化损伤方面,DUR和BUR的抗氧化作用较CUR相比更显著。     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源。该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持。     

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation on bioactivities of kefir

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage and known to have positive effects on gut microbial diversity and human health. In this study, digested and undigested kefir samples were compared for changes in their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed that the amount of total phenolic substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) activity increased from 43.76 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, 4.20 ± 0.55%, and 9.91 ± 3.90% in undigested kefir to 668.16 ± 3.332 mg GAE/L, 63.06 ± 0.64%, and 98.88 ± 0.42% in digested kefir, respectively. While the dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory (DPPIV-I) activity of undigested kefir increased by 19.11 ± 7.35% after digestion, the optical density of the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased from 1.188 ± 0.05 to 0.278 ± 0.009, and the protein amount decreased from 101.4 mg L⁻¹ to 12.42 mg L⁻¹ in digested kefir. No antimicrobial effect was observed in undigested kefir, whereas, digested kefir samples were active, but only against Escherichia coli. These results show that the gastrointestinal digestion processes of kefir generally increase the number of bioactive molecules, and the digestion process must be taken into account to determine the biological capability of foods.     

Cladonia lichens and their major metabolites as possible natural antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer agents

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of the acetone extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Cladonia pyxidata and Cladonia rangiferina and their atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. As a result of the study atranorin had largest free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values 131.48 μg/mL. Moreover, the tested samples had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was fumarprotocetraric acid with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.031 to 0.125 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All samples were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.97 to 41.23 μg/mL.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in a sugar–amino acid model system

The various biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from sugar (fructose and glucose) and 20 amino acid model systems were evaluated. Colour development, in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative activities of aqueous solutions of MRPs produced by heating at 130 °C for 2 h were measured. The fructose–amino acid mixture showed higher UV-absorbance and browning intensity than the glucose–amino acid mixture. The fructose–amino acid model MRPs showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ACE inhibitory activities than the glucose–amino acid model MRPs. The α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of MRPs derived from fructose– and glucose–tyrosine showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of other MRPs. Sugar–amino acid model MRPs inhibited the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cell in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml). Glucose MRPs showed slightly higher antiproliferative activity than fructose MRPs. In particular, sugar–tryptophan and –tyrosine MRPs exerted higher biological activities than the other MRPs.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

浏阳豆豉发酵中高产酶活菌株的分离鉴定及酶活性分析

从浏阳豆豉发酵过程中分离产高酶活菌株,通过形态观察结合分子生物学技术进行鉴定,并对其产蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性进行分析。结果表明,分离得到3株菌（编号为000、5132、621）均被鉴定为溜曲霉菌（Aspergillus tamarri）。3株菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性测定结果表明,菌株621蛋白酶活性最强,为（207.98±3.20）U/mL;菌株5132的纤维素酶活性最强,为（3.40±1.40）U/mL;菌株000的脂肪酶活性最高,为（90.7±0.64）U/mL。     

红参浓缩液对小鼠的抗氧化、免疫调节及降血糖作用

该研究通过建立衰老小鼠模型和II型糖尿病小鼠模型,对比不同剂量的红参浓缩液对小鼠体内抗氧化、免疫及降血糖活性影响。实验发现：与模型组相比,红参浓缩液给药组显著降低丙二醛含量（MDA）、空腹血糖（FBG）和口服葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）血糖曲线下面积（AUC）并且显著提高羟自由基清除率（•OH）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力和免疫球蛋白G（Ig G）、免疫球蛋白M（Ig M）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量（P<0.05）,明显改善脾脏损害。以上结果表明一定浓度的红参浓缩液可以延缓衰老、提高衰老模型小鼠的免疫力,增强II型糖尿病模型小鼠的葡萄糖耐受力,具有降血糖的效果。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis from several regions of Korea

Biological activities of different propolis extracts in Korea were examined for the evaluation of quality comparison with that from Brazil (BZ). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from Yeosu (YS) and Cheorwon (CW), whose values were higher than BZ, were also shown to be more aboudant. The extracts of YS and CW also showed strong antioxidant activities, using the linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. However, the extract from BZ had less active antioxidant activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of less than 70% than other extracts. The DPPH free radical-scavenging activity seems to relate with the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid peroxidation. The propolis with antioxidant activity also had DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The extracts of YS and CW had effective antimicrobial activities on Staphilococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging and antimicrobial activities of YS and CW seemed to relate with high values, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents.