焊接方法对双相不锈钢焊接接头耐蚀性的影响

采用气体保护钨极氩弧焊（GTAW）、焊条电弧焊（SMAW）和埋弧焊（SAW）对2205双相不锈钢进行焊接,采用光学显微镜对接头组织进行观察,采用数点法计算铁素体相的含量,测定接头的耐点蚀和耐CO2应力腐蚀性能,研究焊接方法对接头耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,焊接方法影响焊缝组织形态及铁素体含量。GTAW焊缝由不规则的条状组织和两相交织分布的块状组织组成,而SMAW和SAW焊缝为方位不一的条状组织和少量的块状组织。GTAW和SMAW焊缝的铁素体含量为35％～55％,而SAW的不足20％。接头的耐蚀性与铁素体相比例密切相关,GTAW、SMAW和SAW的耐蚀性依次降低。从铁素体相比例和耐蚀性角度考虑,GTAW和SMAW能够获得满意的焊接接头。     

S32205双相钢薄板TIG焊和手工焊的研究

本文研究了GTAW和SMAW对S32205双相钢薄板焊接接头金相组织和力学性能的影响，结果表明，采用上述两种焊接方法，焊缝中的两相比例都能达到要求，但是GTAW的力学性能和耐蚀性比SMAW好一些。     

不同焊接工艺下304不锈钢焊接接头组织及力学性能的研究

分别采用手工电弧焊(SMAW)和钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)对304不锈钢进行焊接,采用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、万能试验机对焊接接头的组织及力学性能进行了观察分析及测试。结果表明:两种焊接工艺焊接接头的组织均为奥氏体,SMAW焊缝区为粗大树枝晶,而GTAW的焊缝区为细小的树枝晶,焊缝与母材熔合良好;GTAW接头的显微硬度均高于SMAW,接头从焊缝区到热影响区到母材硬度均呈先上升后下降的趋势,SMAW和GTAW焊缝区的硬度分别为175 HV和205 HV;SMAW和GTAW接头的抗拉强度分别为623.6 MPa和690.7 MPa,断裂位置均为母材,弯曲试验合格,接头塑性良好;GTAW接头组织和性能优于SMAW。     

SAF2205双相不锈钢对接焊焊接工艺的评定

研究了SAF2205双相不锈钢在不同焊接工艺和层问温度下焊接接头的组织和力学性能.结果表明:在所采用的焊接工艺参数下,GTAW和SMAW均能得到合格的焊缝,GTAW获得的焊接接头的组织和相比例优于SMAW,冲击韧度高于SMAW.连续焊时得到的金相组织严重奥氏体化.     

焊接方法对Q345R和S31803焊接接头组织形态的影响

采用SMAW和GTAW焊接方法对Q345R和S31803双相不锈钢进行焊接,通过光镜及EDX对接头组织及其特征区的元素进行了分析.结果表明:GTAW接头中Q345R侧出现碳迁移,碳迁移微区的Fe3C以颗粒状和链岛状存在;GTAW接头中S31803侧过热区的组织比SMAW接头中粗大,GTAW接头的焊缝中奥氏体比例要明显高于SMAW接头;SMAW、GTAW接头中Q345R侧熔合线附近的“舌状物”均为从母材脱落的一部分.     

热输入对Q345R和2205双相不锈钢力学性能的影响

采用SMAW和GTAW焊接方法对Q345R和2205双相不锈钢进行焊接,对焊接接头进行了显微硬度分析.结果表明:从Q345R母材到2205母材,硬度整体呈上升趋势,GTAW焊缝硬度高于SMAW焊缝;在2205母材近熔合线附近出现硬度峰值,SMAW接头的峰宽大于GTAW接头;碳迁移区从母材→脱碳层→增碳层→焊缝,硬度经历了降低-升高-降低的波动过程,且热输入越大,波动程度越大.     

X65海管环缝耐H_2S应力腐蚀性能研究

采用四点弯曲试验方法,评价了海底管道X65级管线钢采用GTAW+SMAW工艺的环焊缝接头的耐H2S应力腐蚀性能。通过对接头的宏观观察和微观组织分析结果表明,X65级管线钢的GTAW+SMAW焊接接头并未出现裂纹,且无微观组织缺陷,具有较好的耐H2S应力腐蚀性能。     

焊接方法对S22053双相钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

针对厚度为10 mm的S22053双相钢,分别采用钨极氩弧焊和等离子弧焊进行焊接,并通过力学性能测试、金相组织分析以及耐点蚀试验对不同焊接方法下焊接接头的拉伸强度、冲击吸收能量、金相组织、铁素体含量以及耐点蚀性能进行对比分析。试验结果表明:两种焊接方法均能够获得综合性能良好的焊接接头;相比钨极氩弧焊,采用等离子弧焊进行焊接极大地提高了双相钢的焊接生产效率;两种焊接方法的焊缝及热影响区均为奥氏体及铁素体的两相组织,但形态分布呈现出一定的差异,等离子弧焊焊缝及热影响区奥氏体含量均低于氩弧焊焊缝;相比钨极氩弧焊,等离子弧焊的双相钢焊接接头具有更为优良的耐点蚀性能。     

SMAW和GTAW对2205双相不锈钢焊缝组织与耐蚀性影响

研究了2205双相不锈钢在手工电弧焊(SMAW)和钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)两种焊接方法下所得焊缝的微观组织及用化学浸泡法所测得的焊缝耐蚀性.结果表明:GTAW焊缝中奥氏体相更多,且相比例更接近母材.在不同浓度下的FeCl3溶液中,GTAW焊缝比SMAW焊缝表现出更好的耐蚀性,并且GTAW焊缝耐蚀性更接近或略好于母材.     

不同焊接工艺对双相不锈钢力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用三种不同的焊接工艺对双相不锈钢S31803进行焊接试验,通过对接头微观组织、力学性能、氧含量及耐腐蚀性能的观察与测试,确定最佳焊接工艺参数,并分析了焊接工艺方法对焊接接头组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:与GTAW,SMAW相比,GTAW+SAW焊接工艺获得的接头的冲击吸收能量和耐腐蚀性能均可以满足双相不锈钢的制造标准要求,可以在压力容器制造中广泛使用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.