ZnO含量对熔融法制备PbSe量子点玻璃的影响

采用高温熔融－退火法在钠硼铝硅酸盐（SiO2-B2O3-Na2O-Al2O3-ZnO-AIF3-Na2O）玻璃中生长了PbSe量子点,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、光致荧光（PL）谱等研究了玻璃配料中不同ZnO含量对PbSe量子点尺寸和浓度的影响,结果表明,ZnO含量占总玻璃配料质量比约9．4％时,生成的量子点尺寸比较均匀,直径约为6．5nm,且浓度较高,PL谱强度最强,辐射峰位于1790nm,FWHM为296nm。玻璃配料中加入适量的ZnO有助于PbSe量子点的形成,减少Se元素的挥发,使玻璃中的量子点尺寸分布趋于均-化。     

在铅硅酸盐玻璃中,被选择的高浓度阳离子引起的光吸收和着色

对于Na_2O·3SiO_2·2PbO系统、Na_2O·3SiO·2Pb0:1wt％Sb_2O_3系统和Na_2O·3SiO_2系统,通过比较被阳离子所引起的光吸收的方法研究了杂质对燧石玻璃颜色的影响;当纯度很高时这三种玻璃全是无色的。11种着色剂中,唯独钒对两种铅玻璃着色不如钠硅玻璃强烈。造成铅玻璃较易被着色的     

Bi2O3-Li2O玻璃的结构研究

用X射线光电子能谱和拉曼光谱方法研究了Bi2O3-Li2O系玻璃的结构，X射线光电子能谱显示Bi2O3-Li2O玻璃的Ols电子结合能非常低，甚至低于碱硅酸盐玻璃中断桥氧的Ols电子结合能，并且Ols电子结合能随着氧化锂含量的增加而增加。拉曼光谱显示随着氧化锂含量的增加，位于高波数的拉曼振动带朝着更高的方向移动并且强度增加，而位于低波数的拉曼振动带朝着更低的方向移动并且强度下降，这反映了此系玻璃结构中的铋氧多面体的变形程度随Li2O含量的增加而增加。     

Bi2O3纳米晶玻璃三阶非线性光吸收性质的研究

利用溶胶凝胶法结合气氛控制方式合成了含Bi2O3纳米晶钠硼硅玻璃.利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDX)、扫描模式透射电子显微镜(STEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及选区电子衍射(SAED)对掺杂在钠硼硅玻璃中Bi2O3纳米晶的形貌和微结构进行了表征,同时,利用飞秒开孔Z-scan技术详细地研究了Bi2O3纳米晶玻璃在800 nm处不同激发光强度下的三阶非线性光吸收性质.结果表明,在钠硼硅玻璃中形成了尺寸小于10 nm的Bi2O3单斜晶系纳米晶.随着激发光强度的增强,该玻璃的三阶非线性光吸收性质产生由饱和吸收向反饱和吸收的转变.进一步,计算得到的该玻璃三阶非线性极化率χ(3)的数量级范围在10-19~10-18m2/V2之间.这一结果说明该玻璃具有良好的非线性光学性能,并且在光限幅器等非线性光学领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

高钛系玻璃混合碱效应的研究——玻璃混合碱效应研究之一

在Na_2O—TiO_2—SiO_2系玻璃中,以K_2O逐步取代其中的Na_2O时,研究了该系玻璃的混合碱效应。发现当总碱量不变时,K_2O/Na_2O≈2.5/1～6/1时,其电性和化性都出现极值。提出应用混合碱效应改进该系玻璃化性的可能性。     

钾钠物质的量比对LAS光敏微晶玻璃介电性能的影响

作为新型玻璃转接板的基板材料,光敏微晶玻璃的介电性能成为限制其发展的关键因素之一。为此本研究通过熔融法制备出含有不同钾钠物质的量比的光敏微晶玻璃样品,借助网络矢量分析仪、拉曼光谱、红外光谱以及X射线衍射仪等分析钾钠物质的量比对样品介电常数和介电损耗的影响。结果表明,钾钠物质的量比为0的样品(不含有K_2O)具有最低的介电常数和介电损耗,分别为5.0和4.9×10~(-3)(1GHz)这一研究表明增加Na_2O对K_2O的取代量可以使玻璃结构更加致密,降低玻璃极化和光敏玻璃陶瓷的介电常数和损耗。     

AgIn合金量子点复合玻璃的制备及光学性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合气氛控制的技术制备了AgIn合金量子点掺杂钠硼硅基(NBS)玻璃。利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及选区电子衍射(SAED)对AgIn合金量子点在玻璃中的形貌和微结构进行了表征, 并利用荧光光谱仪对该玻璃的荧光性质进行了研究。结果表明, 在600℃热处理下钠硼硅玻璃中形成了尺寸分布在5 nm左右的均一的AgIn六方晶系量子点, 而且分布在玻璃中的AgIn量子点在435 nm附近存在一个荧光峰, 表明AgIn量子点掺杂NBS玻璃可以作为激光源、非线性介质和光子设备的候选玻璃。     

不同浓度的Mg掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜的制备与研究

本文采用射频磁控溅射方法在石英和高阻硅衬底上制备纯 β-Ga2O3薄膜和不同掺杂浓度的Mg掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜,研究了薄膜的结构、光学和电学性质.X射线衍射测试结果表明,在我们的掺杂浓度内,Mg掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜没有出现其他晶相的衍射峰,随着Mg掺杂浓度变大,薄膜的(401)和(601)衍射峰强度变弱.使用X射线...     

钠镁铝硅系统微晶玻璃的分相成核行为

本文以20Na2O、4CaO、12MgO、22Al2O3、4TiO2、38SiO2(重量百分比)组成玻璃为基础,制备了具有快速微晶化特性的钠镁铝硅系统微晶玻璃。分别采用差热分析技术(DTA)、X射线衍射技术(XRD)研究了不同热处理条件下玻璃分相成核的动力学、热力学和它们之间的依存关系。玻璃分相成核最大速率时的温度接近于923K。在成核温度的热处理对分相的放热行为有影响,成核导致系统自由能的降低与分相峰面积和峰值温度变化有关。用差热分析仪测量的玻璃分相的放热效应,是快速微晶化玻璃的重要特征,用XRD证实分相放热过程中没有微晶相产生。玻璃的分相过程为成核生长机理,采用修正kissinger方程求得玻璃分相活化能为310.445KJ/mol。     

氧化铋对微晶玻璃的相转变和性能的影响

为研究Bi2O3在堇青石基微晶玻璃烧结中的作用及其添加量对微晶玻璃的相转变和性能的影响,采用烧结法制备了不同Bi2O3含量的微晶玻璃,并对其进行了X射线衍射分析、显微分析和性能测试.结果表明:Bi2O3的加入降低了堇青石的u相向a相转变的温度,并有效促进微晶玻璃的烧结致密化;烧结样品的介电常数和抗折强度均随着Bi2O3加入量的增加而增加,且与密度变化规律相似;当Bi2O3添加量(质量分数)达5%时样品的介质损耗因子最低(＜10-3);微晶玻璃烧结样品的热膨胀系数基本符合线性规律.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from