嗜热链球菌真空冷冻干燥前后发酵活力变化

研究了冷冻干燥过程中不同保护剂对嗜热链球菌存活的影响, 试验了嗜热链球菌冷冻干燥前后发酵活力的变化. 结果表明, 不同保护剂对细胞冻干存活率和冻干发酵剂活菌含量均产生显著影响 (P<0.01); 复合保护剂Ⅱ为最优保护剂, 可使试验菌株的冻干存活率和冻干发酵剂活菌含量分别高达 97.27% 和 3.22× 1010 g-1; 采用复合保护剂Ⅱ制成的试验菌株冻干发酵剂在乳中 42 ℃发酵 12 h的细胞生长曲线、产酸曲线和 pH值下降曲线与冻干前对照发酵剂相比, 均无明显变化. 结果表明, 利用最适保护剂制备的冻干发酵剂可以直接作为生产发酵剂使用.     

嗜酸乳杆菌冻干影响因子的研究

传统的乳酸菌发酵剂因活化过程复杂,极易引起污染而影响发酵乳的质量。目前,多采用冷冻干燥技术制备直投式粉末状乳酸发酵剂。然而,菌种冻干时机的把握和冻干保护剂的选择,将直接影响乳酸菌在冷冻干燥前后的存活率以及存活期。本文研究了嗜酸乳杆菌的生长曲线,选用蔗糖、乳糖、甘油、VC、谷氨酸钠、麦芽糊精、脱脂乳粉等为嗜酸乳杆菌冻干保护剂进行了冻干研究。结果表明:①嗜酸乳杆菌发酵液培养至酸度为100°T、pH值4.8时,OD410nm=0.511为最大,是最佳发酵终止时间;②嗜酸乳杆菌冻干保护剂配方以5%麦芽糊精、2%VC、5%甘油为最佳冻干保护剂组合,此时嗜酸乳杆菌冻干菌粉活菌数为2.34×109cfu/g。     

冷应激及包埋对乳酸菌冻干发酵剂的影响

将嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌按3∶2∶1比例制备乳酸菌冻干发酵剂.比较不同温度冷应激处理对乳酸菌冻干存活率的影响,结果表明,20℃,处理4h时,冻干存活率为96.3％.选择发酵的固定化细胞制作条件:海藻酸钠2.25g/L、CaCl2 4.0g/L.包埋后乳酸菌冻干存活率为95.6％.     

乳双歧杆菌冻干保护剂的研究及质量评价

为探究冻干保护剂对乳双歧杆菌存活率的影响,对乳双歧杆菌的冻干保护剂进行筛选及研究。结果显示,乳双歧杆菌冻干保护剂最佳配方为菊粉2%、脱脂乳粉6%、半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.6%、海藻糖9%,此条件下存活率达到83.8%。在70℃处理30 min,存活率达62%。在-20, 4, 20和37℃贮存60 d后,活菌数仍达109 CFU/m L以上。通过添加合适的冻干保护剂,能大幅改善冷冻干燥的效果,从而提高其存活率和稳定性。     

超氧化物歧化酶益生菌发酵酸奶的研究

本文研究了在不同的益生菌发酵剂配比条件下酸奶的品质和口感.双歧杆菌:嗜酸乳杆菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:嗜热链球菌比例为(10∶4∶2∶2)用于酸奶的混合发酵生产,可以使双歧杆菌活菌数达到1.5×108cfu/ml、嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数达到3.1×108 cfu/ml;采用添加低聚木糖等益生元,可以促进双歧杆菌的活菌数目提高;发酵后在LABS酸奶中添加SOD,可保持其在酸奶中较高的酶活力.SOD-LABS益生菌酸奶在4℃保存21d,SOD酶活性能保持75%以上.     

三株益生菌发酵特性的测定

为获得最大生物量,利用比浊法做标准曲线测定发酵液中的活菌数,研究了三株益生菌的发酵特性.结果表明,双歧杆菌S1在pH7.0、150r/min、35℃条件下发酵27h活菌为2.15×109 cfu/mL,保加利亚乳杆菌Q6在pH5.5、200r/min 、35℃条件下发酵36h活菌为4.75×109cfu/mL,嗜热链球菌B6在pH7.0、200r/min、40℃条件下发酵30h活菌为1.43×109cfu/mL.     

乳酸菌直投发酵剂培养与冷干条件的优化

采用响应面法对保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillusbulgaricus)和嗜热链球菌的增菌(Streptococcusther-mophilus)培养基进行了优化,并且对其冻干保护剂进行了筛选,结果表明通过流加碱控制保加利亚乳杆菌的pH值为5.8,嗜热链球菌的pH值为6.4,培养15h,菌体的浓度分别达到1.24×109cfu/mL和8.05×108cfu/mL。离心收集到的菌体,在-70℃的冰箱先预冻3h,然后在冷阱温度-51℃、真空度9Pa冻24h,最终可以得到含活菌数为1.43×1010cfu/g的高活力酸乳发酵剂。     

不同发酵剂对Mozzarella干酪品质的影响

采用嗜热链球菌和嗜热乳杆菌作为Mozzarella干酪的发酵剂，研究单一嗜热链球菌发酵剂与嗜热链球菌和嗜热乳杆菌组成的混合发酵剂对Mozzarella干酪品质的影响。结果表明，混合菌作发酵剂制得的干酪品质优于用单一嗜热链球菌作发酵剂的干酪。     

直投式酸奶发酵剂高密度培养工艺的研究

以实验室筛选获得的适于发酵生产用的直投式酸奶发酵剂菌株组合保加利亚乳杆菌Lb-23和嗜热链球菌S.t-14为材料,对其高密度培养工艺进行了研究.结果发现,按球菌:杆菌=1:1的混合培养比例,pH 6.6～6.8,转速85～100r/min,42℃培养18h后,活菌数达到1.27×10~9cfu/mL;菌悬液经1.8%海藻糖、0.25%甘油、5.5%谷氨酸钠和0.5%吐温80保护剂处理,冷冻干燥后获得的发酵剂活菌数达到3.35×10~(11)cfu/g.     

冷藏中低聚果糖对发酵乳中微生物的影响

对添加低聚果糖的原料奶，使用嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和嗜热链球菌作为快速发酵剂进行发酵后．在4℃条件下储存42d。每周对发酵乳进行微生物分析和酸度测试。结果表明，低聚果糖质量浓度在10—50g／L时对嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的存活都没有太大影响。双歧杆菌活菌数下降幅度比嗜酸乳酸杆菌和嗜热链球菌要快。但添加低聚果糖对双歧杆菌的存活起到重要作用。结论是低聚果糖产品对双歧杆菌有益生作用，因此在冷藏发酵乳制品中有助于提高双歧杆菌活菌数。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press