矩形花键齿形成形研究

运用有限元数值模拟的方法，针对长轴类矩形花键成形时齿形充型不完整的缺陷进行研究，探讨凹模模面的具体参数和毛坯前端倒角对其产生的影响，最终找到最佳的组合。成功地解决了齿形角隅充不满的难题。为现实生产提供理论依据，模拟结果能够很好地指导生产实践。     

Aging and loading rate effects on the mechanical behavior of equine bone

Whether due to a sporting accident, high-speed impact, fall, or other catastrophic event, the majority of clinical bone fractures occur under dynamic loading conditions. However, although extensive research has been performed on the quasi-static fracture and mechanical behavior of bone to date, few high-quality studies on the fracture behavior of bone at high strain rates have been performed. Therefore, many questions remain regarding the material behavior, including not only the loading-rate-dependent response of bone, but also how this response varies with age. In this study, tests were performed on equine femoral bone taken post-mortem from donors 6 months to 28 years of age. Quasi-static and dynamic tests were performed to determine the fracture toughness and compressive mechanical behavior as a function of age at varying loading rates. Fracture paths were then analyzed using scanning confocal and scanning-electron microscopy techniques to assess the role of various microstructural features on toughening mechanisms.     

The influence of liquid on the deformation behavior of human dentin

The influence of liquid on the mechanical properties of human dentin under uniaxial compression is studied in this work. It has been shown that the storage of samples for 24 h in water, acetone, and glycerin does not lead to a change in the microstructure or to qualitative changes in the mechanical behavior of dentin, which continues to be highly elastic; capable of considerable plastic deformation; and a strong, hard tissue.     

不同砂轮磨削牛密质骨的磨削力研究

本实验选取与人体骨组织生物力学性能相接近的牛长骨为研究对象,用不同种类的砂轮进行磨削,研究骨组织磨削特性。实验结果表明:长骨骨干不同方向的磨削力不同,截面磨削力最大,侧面磨削力次之,表面磨削力最小;骨组织磨削力随磨削深度和工件速度的增大而增大,随砂轮速度的增大而减小;采用金刚石砂轮磨削骨组织的磨削力比采用氧化铝砂轮磨削时的磨削力要小得多;骨组织的磨削力比在3~5之间。通过对骨组织磨削特性的研究,为磨削技术在骨外科手术中的应用提供一定的参考。     

齿形件精冲成形时的齿顶塌角分析及措施

针对精冲成形齿形件时的齿顶塌角问题,首先分析了齿形零件的几何特征及精冲成形特点,并分析了这些特征与齿形零件精冲时齿顶塌角的关系;将精冲变形区分为2个核心变形区和2个变形影响区,对核心变形区Ⅰ精冲塌角的形成过程进行了分析。然后,通过有限元模拟软件Deform-3D,找出齿顶塌角处材料在成形过程中的流动规律。结果表明:齿顶处A面轮廓附近的材料沿齿顶径向运动,一部分材料流向齿顶外侧;齿廓B、C侧附近的材料沿其轮廓线所指向的齿顶方向流动。再次,全面分析了影响精冲齿顶塌角大小的各种因素,找出压边力和反顶力对塌角大小的影响规律,得出反顶力比压边力对控制塌角的效果更显著。最后,提出了在齿形零件精冲成形过程中减小或消除齿顶塌角的具体措施对策。     

机械压力机齿轮断齿修复法——快速镶齿法

介绍了一种机械压力机齿轮断齿修复法——快速镶齿法。应用本方法完成了对压力机齿轮断齿的快速修复,效果良好。     

Preparation and properties of open-cell zinc foams as human bone substitute material

Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied, and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed. All the compression stress-strain curves of open-cell zinc foams with various cell size(1-4 mm) and porosity(55%-67%) show three stages: elastic stage, plastic stage, and densification stage. The compression strength increases with decreasing density. The smooth stress-strain response indicates a progressively deformation of open-cell zinc foam. In addition, the cell wall or edge bending and fracture are the dominated mechanisms for failure of open cell zinc foam. The immersion test for determining the corrosion rate of open cell zinc foam was conducted in simulated body fluid. It was found that zinc foam with a small cell size and high porosity showed a higher corrosion rate. In addition, open-cell zinc foams can effectively induce Ca-P deposition in immersion tests, showing good bioactivity. Therefore, the open cell zinc foam prepared in this experiment has a good potential application as a human bone substitute material.     

铍青铜的时效处理

铍青铜在空气介质中进行固溶或人工时效处理会发生氧化,从而影响其性能。对QBe2铍青铜采用充填纯铜粉的装箱保护法进行人工时效,不仅防止了铍青铜的氧化,还降低了生产成本,取得了良好的效果。     

振动时效的发展

为了消除金属工件在铸造、焊接、切削加工和使用等过程中产生的残余应力,通常采用热时效和自然时效.     

橡胶软管老化及开裂行为

采用超景深三维显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、光谱分析以及电子万能材料试验机等研究开裂的橡胶软管微观形貌、成分与力学性能。结果显示:软管的内、外层橡胶存在裂纹、孔洞,橡胶材料的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率明显下降;部分增强层钢丝发生韧性断裂,其表面及断口均已发生腐蚀。这表明软管的内衬层和外覆层橡胶严重老化,存在孔洞或颗粒状分解,影响橡胶的耐油、耐水性,介质及空气可透过橡胶层进入增强层与钢丝发生反应,导致钢丝的性能下降,发生开裂。     

时效态Cu-Fe-P合金组织和性能的研究

利用微合金化法设计了引线框架用Cu-Fe-P合金的成分(Cu-2.5Fe-0.12Zn-0.03P-0.05Mg-0.05Cr-0.05RE),采用金相显微镜(OM)和高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)研究了合金的微观组织,测定了合金的抗拉强度、伸长率及电导率等性能.试验结果表明,在其他试验条件相同的情况下,冷轧后的合金板材经550 ℃×4 h时效后处于过时效状态,球形的析出相γ-Fe粗化,尺寸在50～100 nm的范围,合金的强度为482 MPa,显微硬度HV为161,电导率为39.7 MS/m;经450 ℃×4 h时效后处于欠时效状态,呈球形的γ-Fe相尺寸在20 nm以下,抗拉强度为417 MPa,显微硬度HV为139,电导率是30.4 MS/m;经550 ℃×2 h 450 ℃×2 h时效后处于峰值时效状态,球形的γ-Fe相尺寸在20～50 nm的范围,此时合金的抗拉强度为510 MPa,显微硬度HV为168,导电率为40.6 MS/m.     

Al-Er-Zr合金的时效析出过程

利用显微硬度、TEM、HREM等测试方法对Al-Er-Zr合金的时效析出过程及析出相Al3(Er1-xZrx)的粗化行为进行研究。结果表明:二元合金Al-0.04Er在375℃时效5 min后出现硬度峰(约为40.3HV),随后迅速下降出现过时效;添加Zr能够显著提高其热稳定性,三元Al-Er-Zr合金中过时效现象显著滞后于Al-Er二元合金。在三元合金Al-Er-Zr中,随着Zr含量的增加,合金在长时间时效后,由于Er、Zr的协同析出而出现第二个更高的时效峰值,约为53.5HV,明显高于Al-Er二元合金的硬度。Al3(Er1-xZrx)粒子在高温粗化过程中逐渐长大,其平均直径d与退火时间t的关系符合LSW理论中的关系式。     

In vivo assessment of gloss from surfaces of complex shapes: the particular case of the human tooth

Cleaning and polishing of teeth is carried out to improve the aesthetic looks and also to minimise food particles sticking to the surface of the tooth. Any procedure done on the tooth tends to change the gloss or shine of the tooth. Currently, there is no instrument available to measure or quantify the change in the gloss under clinical conditions on the surface of a complex shape such as a live tooth. This paper describes the application of a portable glossmeter that can be used by the end user of oral hygiene products to evaluate the efficacy of the product under the household or clinical conditions. Also, the patient himself can evaluate results of any procedure carried out by the dental surgeon. It should be noted that other industrial applications with complex shapes requiring evaluation of a surface finish are also likely to find this technique of value.     

形变与时效Cu-Cr合金的研究进展

综述了国内外形变与时效Cu-Cr合金的研究现状和最新进展,主要包括形变与时效Cu-Cr合金的特点和性能;形变与时效Cu-Cr合金的优缺点及研究现状.如拉拔法、冷轧法、锻造法、挤压法等.在综述的基础上,简要讨论了形变与时效Cu-Cr合金未来的发展动向.     

Cu-Ni-Si热轧板坯的变形与时效

研究了变形量及时效温度对Cu—3．2Ni-0．75Si—0．3Zn合金的显微硬度和导电率的影响，在此基础上对该合金薄带的加工工艺进行了探讨。结果表明，合金在400-450℃进行时效可以获得较高的硬度，而高于450℃进行时效，合金硬度开始明显下降；热轧态合金采用加工工艺1—5制得的薄带均可满足性能要求，即导电率＞50％IACS，显微硬度＞160HV。     

聚碳酸酯的热氧老化特性与断口形貌表征

分别在120、130、140℃温度环境下,对聚碳酸酯进行热氧老化实验。应用电子材料试验机、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）等手段,研究了聚碳酸酯热氧老化后的力学性能变化特性和断口形貌。结果表明：聚碳酸酯经120、130、140℃温度热氧老化后,强度和伸长率均随温度的升高而降低;断裂性质也随温度的升高,由塑性断裂转变成了脆性断裂。当聚碳酸酯热氧老化一定程度,断口上会出现孔洞形貌;孔洞是聚碳酸酯发生热氧老化失效的一种断口特征。     

Cu-Zr-Te合金的时效特性研究

在Cu-Zr-Cr合金中采用Te元素代替合金中的Cr元素,从而避免了Cr6 可能产生的危害。分别对两种状态的Cu-Zr-Te合金进行时效工艺的研究,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDM)分析了析出相的形貌和成分,以及时效工艺对合金材料的电性能及力学性能的影响。固溶 冷变形处理后的合金材料,在500℃下保温60min时效处理能使合金的综合性能优异。     

Cu-Ni-Si-Mg合金的时效特性

通过电导率、硬度、XRD、动力学4个方面研究Cu-2.4Ni-0.57Si-0.1Mg合金4种工艺下最佳的电导率与硬度配合.结果表明,试验合金经过热轧后在450℃时效4h的硬度和电导率的配合最佳,综合性能达到最高点;通过时效处理从过饱和固溶体中析出Ni2Si相,使合金导电性上升,同时硬度也可大幅度提高.随着温度和时间的增加,发生了过时效现象,析出相长大,失去共格特征,Ni2Si又逐渐溶解到基体中,缺陷也逐渐减少,导致硬度显著下降.