正辛醇+煤油混合溶剂萃取净化湿法磷酸工艺研究

选用新型高效萃取体系正辛醇+煤油混合溶剂,研究了正辛醇+煤油混合溶剂在萃取净化湿法磷酸过程中萃取温度和相比（萃取剂与磷酸的体积比）与磷酸萃取率和杂质分离系数之间的关系, 考察了硫酸和铁两种杂质对磷酸萃取率和分配比的影响。实验表明: 随着相比提高, 磷酸萃取率上升, 各杂质分离系数提高。提高萃取温度和增加铁含量会使磷酸萃取率和分配比呈减小趋势,硫酸的存在有利于磷酸萃取。通过对正辛醇+煤油体系萃取湿法磷酸系统性的基础工艺研究,以期为设计工业化应用路线提供理论和技术支持。     

磷酸三丁酯和二异丙醚溶剂萃取 体系净化湿法磷酸的研究

以磷酸三丁酯（TBP）与二异丙醚为溶剂,采用溶剂萃取法净化湿法磷酸。研究了萃取剂中TBP体积分数、相比、萃取时间、搅拌转速、反萃取剂加入量对湿法磷酸净化效果的影响,确定了TBP与二异丙醚混合溶剂体系净化湿法磷酸的工艺条件。适宜工艺条件：萃取剂组成为TBP与二异丙醚体积比为1∶1,有机相与水相的体积比为 4∶1,萃取时间为25 min,搅拌转速为300 r/min,反萃取剂加入量为萃取相体积的20%。在此条件下,TBP与二异丙醚萃取体系对金属阳离子和氟离子有较好的分离能力。     

液质联用法测定塑胶中2-巯基苯并噻唑

采用丙酮作为萃取溶剂,对待测样品进行超声萃取,用超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-质谱联用仪对2-巯基苯并噻唑进行检测。在优化的分析条件下,2-巯基苯并噻唑在4 min时间内可以得到很好的色谱峰,并能获得很好的分离效果,0.1~10 mg/L的浓度范围内线性良好,两种检测器的线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限达到0.1 mg/L,重复性实验得到相对标准偏差小于5%,加标回收率为90%~110%.本方法简便快捷、准确可靠,满足2-巯基苯并噻唑的检测要求。     

Waste water treatment by solvent extraction

A review is presented of the application of solvent extraction to the treatment of waste waters. Methods of extraction, solute-solvent separation and water — solvent separation are described. Phenol removal, oily water treatment, desalination, metal recovery by “liquid ion exchange” and miscellaneous other applications are described/ Available economic data are discussed. Possible future applications are outlined and it is suggested that greatest potential is in the treatment of oily waste water and of relatively concentrated streams containing valuable or noxious materials     

溶剂萃取法回收废水中二甲基甲酰胺

研究采用高沸点混合溶剂MS-1和MS-2萃取回收废水中二甲基甲酰胺的可行性.对浓度为100 g/L的模拟废水,室温下MS-1和MS-2萃取时分配系数分别可达1.72和7.4,远高于低沸点溶剂氯仿萃取时的分配系数0.767.能耗计算表明,氯仿萃取工艺比精馏节省能耗60%,而MS-1和MS-2萃取工艺分别比精馏节省能耗85%和91%.     

Recovery of fatty acids by immobilized solvent extraction

The use of silicone rubber tubes swollen with solutions of TOPO (trioctyl phosphine oxide) in kerosene as membranes for the recovery of fatty acids from anaerobic digesters was investigated. The flux of acetic and propionic acids was found to increase with the concentration of TOPO when the concentration was low. At very high TOPO concentrations, the flux decreased indicating the existence of an optimum TOPO concentration. The relationship between the flux and concentration of unionized propionic acid did not agree with that expected for pure diffusion. This was due to the reversible reaction between TOPO and propionic acid in the membrane. The flux of propionic acid was measured as a function of time for new membranes and for membranes removed from storage. Rather long times, 70 to 300 hours, were required to achieve steady acid fluxes. This time was required to fully develop the concentration profiles within the membranes.     

Separation of hydrocortisone and epi-hydrocortisone by solvent extraction

Solvent extraction, instead of traditional crystallization, is suggested as a new method for separation of hydrocortisone and its optical isomer, epi-hydrocortisone. The extraction behavior of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers and chlorinated hydrocarbons was studied experimentally. For the industrial separation process it was found that the best solvents are n-butyl acetate or chloroform. The distribution coefficients of hydrocortisone and epi-hydrocortisone in an n-butyl acetate/water system at 17°C were found to be 9·98 and 2·62, respectively, and 5·57 and 1·93, respectively, in a chloroform/water system at 17°C. When n-butyl acetate or chloroform solution of crude hydrocortisone (the mixture of hydrocortisone, epi-hydrocortisone and other steroid impurities) was scrubbed by deionized water in a nine-stage cross-current at 25°C, the organic phase hydrocortisone purity increased from 78·10% to 98·22% (wt%) for the n-butyl acetate case and from 78·10% to 98·02% (wt%) for the chloroform case. The medicinal standard for hydrocortisone was attained. The effects of alcohol concentration, temperature, salting-out and pH on extraction are also discussed. ©1997 SCI     

溶剂萃取法修复石油污染土壤

对溶剂萃取法修复石油类污染土壤的新技术做了较为全面的概述.首先,介绍了溶剂萃取技术的概念、机理和适用范围;其次,介绍了包括有机溶剂、表面活性剂、环糊精、超临界流体在内的萃取剂的研究进展;再次,阐述了影响溶剂萃取效率的因素和溶剂萃取的工艺条件;最后,对溶剂萃取技术的研究和应用做了展望.     

复合溶剂萃取麦白霉素的研究

研究了用异辛醇和航空煤油(4∶1V/V)的混合物萃取麦白霉素的工艺条件及其经济技术优越性。结果表明,麦白霉素的萃取溶剂消耗量由6.7kg/10亿单位降至2.47kg/10亿单位,降低生产成本41元/10亿单位,提取的总收率与用醋酸丁酯时相当,产品质量合格;革除了从萃余液中回收溶剂的工艺步骤,大大降低了能耗。     

Curing behavior of two-step phenolics by solvent extraction

In examining the degree of cure of the novolac—hexamine system, higher-boiling polar solvents such as methylcellosolve and cyclohexanone were found to have better extraction power than that of acetone, even for resins with a relatively high degree of cure. Making use of the difference in their extraction power, the cured resins could be fractionated into four portions, i.e., acetone soluble, acetone insoluble but methylcellosolve soluble, methylcellosolve insoluble but cyclohexanone soluble, and cyclohexanone insoluble. The formation and subsequent diminution of the soluble intermediates and the increase of insoluble crosslinked resins in the curing process were shown clearly by plotting the amount of each fraction against curing time at various temperatures. Further, the same extraction procedure was applied to the resins cured under reduced pressure. The curing reaction was markedly delayed in the latter case. Based on the remarkable difference in the curing behavior under pressure, a curing mechanism has been proposed in which the moisture contained may acelerate the decomposition of hexamine, thus enhancing the reactivity of the resin system.     

溶剂、微波萃取法提取柑橘皮精油

用溶剂萃取和微波萃取法提取柑桔皮精油,研究了溶剂种类、浸泡时间、颗粒大小、料液比、微波功率对精油提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳溶剂为乙醇,溶剂萃取最佳工艺为:料液比1∶6 g/mL,浸泡时间48 h,颗粒粒度>60目,精油提取率可达到10.2%;微波萃取最佳提取工艺为:料液比为1∶6 g/mL,浸泡时间48 h,颗粒粒度40目,微波时间90 s,精油提取率可达到14.7%。     

溶剂抽提法处理炼厂污泥实验

主要以石油醚(30—60℃)为溶剂,对炼厂污泥进行抽提处理,考查了在不同泥剂质量比下的抽出率及抽出油的馏程,并利用萃取理论进行抽出效率抽出率理论推算。实验结果表明:当泥剂质量比为 1∶8时,污泥中的油抽出率为 99. 73%,此结果与理论推算规律基本一致。此油可以作为原油回炼,抽提溶剂可以回收,重复使用。     

Fat recovery by solvent extraction from animal by-products

It is shown that solvent extraction, although using an inflammable solvent can be made safe. Operating difficulties are discussed, including corrosion caused by decomposition products of animal matter. Costs and returns are shown to demonstrate the profits available.     

利用有机溶剂提取微藻油脂的方法探究

在传统化石能源日益枯竭的趋势下,微藻生物柴油作为第三代绿色可再生的替代型能源越来越受到人们的重视.在微藻生物柴油的产业链上,油脂的提取是影响其推广应用的一个关键环节.本文实验利用有机溶剂提取微藻油脂,探究在不同的条件下微藻油脂的提取效果,并特别研究了先后使用甲醇和石油醚两种有机溶剂对微藻油脂提取率的影响.研究结果表明:温度、液料比、浸提时间对提取效率都有一定的影响,并且使用甲醇和石油醚两种溶剂分步提取时会使微藻油脂提取率明显提高;在液料比为15mL/g、提取温度为45℃、提取时间为5h时,使用石油醚作为提取剂的提取率为58.71%;使用甲醇溶剂提取后再使用石油醚提取时,在液料比和提取时间相同的条件下,温度为35℃时提取率即可达87.90%     

Recovery of vanadium from ash-leaching solutions by solvent extraction

One of the principal problems during vanadium recovery from combustion residues is its purification, mainly from iron and nickel. This can be achieved by selective solvent extraction of V from liquors obtained by ash-leaching. The use of solvents also makes feasible the recovery of V from boiler washing water and leaching ponds. In the present work, leach liquors from two fouling-ashes were extracted at various pH levels with secondary, tertiary and quaternary amines, with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA), and with DEHPA-tributylphosphate mixtures. Various concentrations of the solvents in kerosene were used. Both DEHPA and amines (secondary and tertiary) are good and selective extractants for V leached from ash. However, amines always require V oxidation and partial neutralization of the leach liquors; DEHPA seems more interesting because it does not need any preliminary V reduction nor partial neutralization, provided that ash leaching is carried out with water and not with acid.     

轻质油品溶剂萃取脱硫技术研究

综述了目前国内外轻质油品溶剂萃取脱硫的相关技术,并进行比较和评价。认为单一的溶剂萃取脱硫技术存在着碱液排放量大、脱硫率不高的问题,多种脱硫技术相结合是深度脱硫的发展趋势。离子液体由于可以循环使用,必将是一项非常有发展前途的脱硫技术。     

Hydration counteracts the separation of lanthanides by solvent extraction

The extraction of lanthanides from aqueous nitrate solutions by quaternary ammonium nitrate ionic liquids (e.g., [A336][NO₃]) shows a negative sequence (i.e., light lanthanides are more efficiently extracted than heavy lanthanides), which conflicts with the lanthanide contraction. In this study, we explored the origin of the negative sequence by investigating the extraction of lanthanides from ethylammonium nitrate by [A336][NO₃]. The extraction shows a positive sequence, which is converted to a negative sequence with the addition of water. The transformation from positive to negative sequences reveals that the negative sequence is caused by the hydration of lanthanide ions: hydration of lanthanide ions counteracts the extraction. Therefore, the use of solvents that have weak solvation with lanthanide ions might enhance the separation of the elements by solvent extraction.