改性PVDF催化膜的制备及其表征

本文通过对PVDF膜进行接枝、磺化和离子交换负载铁,制备了PVDF催化膜,对其制备条件进行优化,对水通量、截留率、亲水性等性能进行了表征.实验结果表明PVDF膜的接枝率随着KOH浓度和碱处理时间的增加,PVDF膜的接枝率先增加后减小;而随着反应温度以及四丁基溴化铵(TB-AB)增加,PVDF膜的接枝率增大;膜的磺化度随反应温度的升高和时间的延长逐渐增大.PVDF催化膜亲水性有了一定的改善,水通量、截留率及强度有所下降,但并没有对其催化性能造成不好的影响.     

纳米TiO2对改性膜生物反应器膜过滤性能的影响

本试验对膜生物反应器所用微滤膜用纳米TiO2进行改性,并通过污水处理试验测试了改性和非改性膜的清水通量及抗污染性,通过测定膜表面和水之间的接触角来定量分析比较膜表面的亲水性。结果表明：纳米TiO2改变了膜表面的亲水性和粗糙度,实际应用中使改性膜生物反应器在出水达标的前提下,显著增加了膜的渗透通量。     

超滤膜处理地表水研究

采用超滤膜过滤工艺处理齐齐哈尔市附近嫩江水研究表明，超滤膜通量下降受进水浊度影响很大。而采用混凝沉淀作为超滤进水的预处理可极大提高膜通量，并且能有效减缓膜通量的下降速度。采用0．5％的NaOH溶液作为超滤膜碱洗液或者2％柠檬溶液作为酸洗液可有效清除膜污染与堵塞。     

铝合金边框氧化膜膜裂问题的分析及解决方案

通过对光伏铝合金边框氧化膜膜裂位置、形状的分析及现场实际生产情况,得出不同膜裂位置膜裂缺陷产生的原因,针对不同位置膜裂缺陷的原因分别制定遏制膜裂缺陷产生的方法。结果表明:边框C面漏水孔区域膜裂缺陷主要由漏水孔冲刀的切口角度有关,通过更改切口角度的大小,可有效减轻C面漏水孔膜裂缺陷的产生;D面过盈点附近膜裂缺陷主要与过盈垫铁结构和材质有关,通过更改过盈垫铁结构和材质,可有效遏制D面加工点膜裂缺陷的产生;B面角件连接处条状或点状膜裂缺陷主要由角件毛刺导致,通过减小角件毛刺可有效解决;C面接地标识和安装孔附近的膜裂可通过冲刀润滑,控制氧化膜厚度解决。     

膜蒸馏处理焦化RO浓盐水试验研究

焦化RO浓盐水是一种难处理的高浓度有机废水,国内尚无成熟的处理工艺.通过一系列试验研究,分析了减压膜蒸馏技术处理宝钢焦化RO浓盐水运行参数对产水效率及产水水质的影响.真空度越高,进水和蒸汽之间的温差越大,通量也越大,而且产水的电导率也越低,可达到10 μS/cm左右;同一真空度下,浓盐水进水温度升高,通量增加,产水的电导率有所升高,但当真空度达到0.095 MPa及以上时,温度的影响显著变小.最后分析了膜蒸馏膜污染情况及预防措施,数据显示,Ca2、Mg2、SiO2的存在对膜结垢造成一定威胁.     

复合管膜的润湿性及过滤污水机理

为了研究多孔复合管膜对钢铁产业污水的过滤性能及其过滤机理,采用静滴法做了水滴和油滴在复合管膜上的润湿性研究。采用扫描电镜、EDS等手段分析了使用前后的多孔复合管膜外壁及内壁的结构及成分,分析了含油污水中固体颗粒及油的过滤机理,并利用视频光学接触角测量仪测量水滴和油滴在复合管膜上接触角随时间的变化速率。结果表明,在污水过滤过程中,水中小于管膜表层微孔孔径的氧化铁等杂质进入复合管膜内部,无法随水流穿过复合管膜膜层,积累在管膜内部;随着管膜使用时间延长,氧化铁等杂质在复合管膜内部积累量增多。水在复合管膜上的润湿性良好,油滴在复合管膜上是不润湿的。     

用于水处理的聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜抗氧化性研究

[目的]研究不同配方对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜抗氧化性能的影响.[方法]用浸没沉淀相转化法将不同配方铸膜液纺制成中空纤维膜,并用1%NaClO溶液浸泡,测试其性能变化情况.[结果]分子量更大的膜材料PVDF(6020)制得的膜抗氧化性能更好;表面活性剂tween-80对通量提升明显,但断裂强度有所下降;成孔剂PEG400对膜的抗氧化性作用好于PVP.[结论]该研究为研制高抗氧化性的膜提供了很好的思路.     

浅论膜滤水技术在水处理方面的应用和发展

论述了表面过滤和膜滤的作用机理,介绍了微孔过滤,超过滤,反渗透在水处理方面的应用,展望了膜滤水技术的发展前景。     

冶金烟气微孔陶瓷管膜研制及深度除尘应用的研究

提出了将SiC、Al2O3等原料等静压成型后烧制成多孔陶瓷基体,再通过多次浸浆、干燥达到所需膜厚度后,采用热喷涂制成非对称陶瓷复合膜管的新工艺技术.研发出能够处理高温烟气的微孔陶瓷管复合膜除尘器,应用到冶金高温烟气中进行深度除尘和净化.采用了SEM、EDS等手段对多孔陶瓷基体和微孔复合膜进行表征,结果表明其具有良好的微孔结构和物理性质.自行设计了一套测定过滤效率的冷态试验装置模型,并通过实验确定了合理的参数.     

精密微孔过滤机在氢氧化钴生产中的应用

精密微孔过滤机将过滤与洗涤融为一体,具有洗涤效率高、滤饼卸除方便、膜管使用寿命长等特点.本文介绍了精密微孔过滤机的工作原理及在氢氧化钴生产中的应用.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)