法国一储存硫磺仓库发生火灾 8人受伤

2009年3月21日上午,法国北部敦刻尔克附近一个储存硫磺的仓库发生火灾,令当地上空升起一片刺激性的云雾并导致8入受伤。     

硫磺仓库建在软土地基上的相关措施

华东沿海某400kt/a硫磺制酸装置建设时,从不占用耕地,方便原料运输、降低生产成本等诸方面考虑,拟将硫磺仓库建在沿海滩涂地上.针对硫磺仓库建在沿海滩涂的软土地基上存在的各种问题,根据《建筑桩基技术规范》等要求讨论了需要采取的相应措施,并经专家论证,认为其结构设计达到了安全适用的要求     

屏蔽泵在硫磺制酸中的应用

本文主要介绍硫磺制酸中输送液体硫磺的屏蔽泵的结构特点，及其安装、运行中应注意的事项。     

硫磺制酸有关问题的探讨

硫磺制酸有关问题的探讨陈嘉来（上海双流化工技术服务公司２０００６５）应云南省某厂的邀请去检查该厂一套已基本安装好的３０ｋｔ／ａ，硫磺制酸装置。通过参观，与该厂原有一套２０ｋｔ／ａ矿石制酸装置相比，硫磺制酸优越性确定很多：场地小、工艺流程简单、设备少、...     

硫磺制酸装置露点腐蚀问题的分析

分析了硫磺制备酸容易发生露点腐蚀的原因。硫磺中的有机物、水分、游离硫酸均可能增加炉气水分含量，相应提高了炉气露点温度，加之省煤器进水温度低，则容易发生露点腐蚀。采用优质硫磺作原料，在省煤器低温段采用热管元件等可有效地解决硫磺制酸露点腐蚀问题。     

硫磺储存设施的设计及危险防控

硫磺是制酸原料之一,属易燃固体,且粉尘极易发生爆炸,硫磺的储存需充分考虑其危险性。随着硫磺制酸装置的大型化,硫磺储存设施的规模也逐渐扩大,危险防控压力剧增。以硫磺的物性数据为基础,结合实例介绍了硫磺储存设施设计方法,以及针对火灾和粉尘爆炸所采取的危险防控设施,为大型硫磺堆场设计工作提供可供借鉴的思路和原则。     

硫磺回收装置的消防设计要点

在炼油厂炼油过程中,会产生含有硫化氢的多种酸性水和酸性气,配套的硫磺回收装置对其进行环保综合利用。介绍了硫磺回收装置中各单元的易燃易爆物料和设备的火灾危险性,并结合工程实例阐述了硫磺回收装置中主要单元的消防设计,以及采取的消防安全措施。     

AES生产硫磺熔、燃过程火灾爆炸危险分析与预防

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）是一种良好的活性剂,可配置各种优质洗涤用品,无论在工业、农业还是民用方面,用途都十分广泛,先进的AES生产技术得到了广泛应用。吉林石化公司电石厂于2003年1月建成投产AES60000t／a的生产装置,采用了我国目前较为先进的生产工艺技术。但由于采用硫磺为生产原料,使得整个硫磺熔、燃生产过程中具有较大的火灾、爆炸危险。因此研究AES生产硫磺熔、燃过程中火灾、爆炸的特点,采取相应的预防措施,防止火灾、爆炸事故的发生,是安全生产的重要内容。     

硫磺制酸装置露点腐蚀问题的分析

分析硫磺制酸容易发生露点腐蚀的原因，硫磺中的有机物、水分、游离硫酸均可能增加炉气水分含量，相应提高了炉气露点温度，加之省煤器进水温度低，则容易发生露点腐蚀，采用优质硫磺作原料，在省煤器低温段采用热管元件均可有效解决硫磺制酸露点腐蚀问题。     

子午线轮胎钢丝胶帘布喷霜问题探讨

对IS-7020，IS-6033，IS-HS-7020，IS-HS-6033硫磺进行了应用试验。结果表明，IS-HS-6033硫磺分散好，不易喷霜，物性与IS-7020相当，不溶性硫磺转化为可溶性硫磺与时间，温度成正比，工艺控制为终炼胶排胶温度105℃，钢丝帘布挤出温度95℃以下。     

某石化企业自动化高架仓库消防设计

为了保障物流系统安全、高效运转,通过对某石化企业自动化高架仓库消防设计工程实例的详细介绍,指出设计人员应根据实际的仓库平面设置、货架结构形式和存储货品危险级别等,确定相应的消防设计参数、灭火系统形式和安装注意事项,对于复杂的仓库消防管网计算,应采用先进的消防工程计算软件,以确保灭火系统的技术安全性和经济合理性。     

成品库防火性能化设计火灾探测器选择研究

介绍国内火灾自动报警设计规范的各种探测器选择方法,根据防火性能化分析原理,针对某成品库大空间建筑屋面取消喷淋的设计方案,为保证火灾自动报警探测及时可靠,确保建筑的耐火极限时间,采用美国Fire Dynamic Simulation软件,通过火灾热动力过程和探测器启动的有限元数值模拟,对成品库大空间建筑的火灾及探测进行性能化分析;通过优化设计采用线型红外光束感烟火灾探测器设计,使火灾探测报警系统既安全可靠又经济合理。     

石油库总图设计中应注意的几个问题

石油库总图设计应符合当地城市规划、环境保护和防火安全的要求，库区与居住区之间要满足安全距离的要求，尽可能采用大型储罐，以达到节约占地的目的。     

丝绸、蚕茧仓库杀虫剂ICW—98的研制

报道了适用于蚕茧、丝绸仓库的杀虫剂ICW-98的研制过程。以拟除虫菊酯和有机磷进行复配。优选出适合于杀死茧库主要害虫钩纹皮蠹、赤拟谷盗、米象、黑皮蠹的最佳配方，进行了对上述害虫的毒力试验，测定了其LC50，并考察了药剂对蚕茧解丝成绩的影响。另外还进行了实库杀虫实验和动物毒理试验。结果表明该杀虫剂杀虫效果好，广谱、药效高、毒性低，对蚕性低，对蚕草率解丝质量没有影响。可以在蚕茧和丝绸仓库推广使用。     

Fire risk assessment in cotton storage based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and Bayesian network

Cotton storage fire develops rapidly, and it has high probability of being out of control and causing huge economic loss. In order to carry out a quantitative risk assessment of cotton storage fire accidents, a dynamic risk assessment model of cotton storage fire is established by means of data analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE), cases study and expert opinions based on Bayesian network (BN). The model includes three sections (fire causes section, fire discoverer section, fire control section) and one mainline, with 22 nodes, and gives accident risk in the form of economic loss. Risk can be renewed quickly by giving new evidence to model nodes of BN. The application of FCE provides a feasible solution to solve the data deficiency problem in databases, experiment results and experience in model construction. Sensitivity analysis result shows firefighters participation, timely control of fire, firefighting systems and workers are important to put out the fire. A case study shows that the loss of a fire accident happened in an open storage yard is more serious than the loss of a similar fire accident happened in warehouse. This model provides support for cotton storage fire risk management and decision-making in an emergency fire accident.     

Small-scale assessment method for the fire resistance of historic plaster system and timber structures

The primary protection against the charring of timber is ensured by protection materials. Today, there are only a limited number of materials given in design codes as fire protection materials for timber. Historic surface finish materials such as plasters have rarely been studied with respect to fire; no design values exist in the current fire part of Eurocode 5. Full-scale fire testing is costly to assess the fire performance of material combinations, thus this study presents a useful tool that is specifically tailored to evaluate the fire protection ability of materials in small-scale. A review of conducted tests demonstrate that the cone heater of a cone calorimeter is a dependable device to estimate the charring performance of protected timber specimens as the test results approximate the ones obtained from furnace tests. This work contributes to the assessment of fire resistance performance of various combinations and types of plaster systems found in existing timber buildings that often require an individual approach for an adequate fire risk analysis and design decisions to meet current fire safety regulations with respect to the load-bearing capacity and compartmentation of building structures. Increased knowledge on the fire protection performance of traditional plasters is believed to facilitate their wider use in timber buildings, primarily to preserve their significance as part of the cultural built heritage.     

桶装可燃化学品仓库消防设计探讨

对化工企业中桶装可燃化学品仓库的火灾特点,提出在仓库内喷水-泡沫系统、水喷雾系统和其他辅助消防设施设计中应注意的问题,同时对部分相关消防规范的修订工作提出若干建议。     

Integrated safety stock management for multi-stage supply chains under production capacity constraints

In the petrochemical, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, supply chains typically consist of multiple stages of production facilities, warehouse/distribution centers, logistical subnetworks and end customers. Supply chain performance in the face of various market and technical uncertainties is usually measured by service level, that is, the expected fraction of demand that the supply chain can satisfy within a predefined allowable delivery time window. Safety stock is introduced into supply chains as an important hedge against uncertainty in order to provide customers with the promised service level. Although a higher safety stock level guarantees a higher service level, it does increase the supply chain operating cost and thus these levels must be suitably optimized.The complexities in safety stock management for multi-stage supply chain with multiple products and production capacity constraints arise from: (1) the nonlinear performance functions that relate the service level, expected inventory with safety stock control variables at each site; (2) the interdependence of the performances of different sites; and (3) finally the margin by which production capacity exceeds the uncertain demand. Given the complexities, the integrated management of safety stocks across the supply chain imposes significant computational challenges. In this research, we propose an approach in which the evaluation of the performance functions and the decision on safety stock related variables are decomposed into two separate computational frameworks. For evaluating the performance functions, off-line computation using a discrete event simulation model is proposed. A linear programming based safety stock management model is developed, in which the safety stock control variables (the target inventory levels used in production planning and scheduling models, base-stock levels for the base-stock policy at the warehouses) and service levels at both plant stage and warehouse stages are used as important decision variables. In the linear programming model, the nonlinear performance functions, interdependence of the performances, and the safety production capacity limits in safety stock management are properly represented.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed safety stock management model, a case study of a realistically scaled polymer supply chain problem is presented. In the case problem, the supply chain is composed of two geographically separated production sites and 3–8 warehouses supplying 10 final products to 30 sales regions.     

成品库网架结构整体静动力及抗火性能化分析

介绍按结构设计规范要求的各种荷载作用情况下(包括8度区抗震竖向和水平方向),采用ANSYS对沿纵向支撑大跨平板网架屋面结构与下部结构共同工作的整体结构进行了静动力计算分析。针对不满足周边支撑条件的大跨平板网架的抗震分析提出了见解和建议。同时,对网架结构进行了结构抗火性能化分析,为屋面网架钢结构涂刷防火涂料抗火,取代喷淋设计提供了依据,取得较好的使用和经济效果。     

火电生产中配煤技术与控制SO2排放的研究

通过配煤的模拟燃烧实验,对配煤技术与二氧化硫排放进行了研究。在实验中将不同煤种按一定比例混合燃烧,用烟气分析仪测其燃烧烟气中二氧化硫的含量,通过对纯煤本身中的游离氧化钙含量与硫的降低率进行比较分析,发现高硫低钙煤与低硫高钙煤混配能够有效的降低烟气中二氧化硫含量,减少对环境的污染,并得出高硫低钙煤与低硫高钙煤混配的最佳比例。通过目前火电厂脱硫状况与配煤的经济效益的比较讨论,得出在火电厂相对于上脱硫装置的巨费额用,合适比例的配煤技术无疑为高硫煤寻找了一条出路,并就火电厂经济效益的提高提出一些可供参考的意见。