异氰酸酯封端多元聚醚改性有机硅的制备及应用研究

为提高真丝织物的抗皱性能和改善真丝织物的强力损伤,以端及侧链含氢硅油与烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚为原料,通过硅氢加成反应、异氰酸酯封端处理,合成具有热解封性能的异氰酸酯封端多元聚醚改性聚硅氧烷,并用于真丝织物抗皱整理。研究含氢硅油和聚醚分子质量对整理织物性能的影响,探讨整理工艺因素对整理织物性能的影响,优化整理工艺条件,测定整理后织物的性能,并与市场常用抗皱整理剂进行比较。结果表明：当聚硅氧烷分子质量为2 150 g/mol、烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚分子质量为400 g/mol时,经优化工艺整理后,真丝织物的折皱回复角可达279°,断裂强力保留率和白度分别为90%和71.8。与乙二醛、柠檬酸类整理剂相比,该整理剂具有较好的抗皱效果,整理的真丝织物强力损伤小,且白度基本不变,抗皱性、柔软性和光滑度良好。     

聚马来酸对真丝织物抗皱整理研究

探讨了聚马来酸树脂整理剂DP60作为真丝织物抗皱整理剂的应用性能.试验表明,DP60能明显地提高真丝织物的折皱回弹性,并对整理织物的强力、白度和着色影响较少,是一种理想的抗皱整理剂.     

真丝织物柠檬酸抗皱整理工艺

研究柠檬酸作为真丝织物无甲醛整理的抗皱整理交联剂，经正交试验及分析得到真丝织物抗皱整理的最佳工艺条件为：柠檬酸50g／L，混合催化剂6％（owf），三乙醇胺5％（owf），焙烘温度160℃，焙烘时间150s。试验表明，整理后真丝织物的抗皱性能得到较大的改善，可替代传统的DMDHEU整理剂，但织物上无甲醛存在。     

丝素整理剂的制备及在丝绸防皱整理中的应用

从丝素整理剂的制备着手,讨论了丝素、柠檬酸、丝素/柠檬酸复配整理真丝织物后,对真丝织物的折皱回复角、白度、断裂强力的影响。研究表明,单用丝素整理,固着率低,抗皱效果不明显;柠檬酸整理后的真丝织物,抗皱效果较好,但整理后的织物会泛黄或色变;丝素与柠檬酸复配,由于彼此之间良好的协同增效作用,织物的抗皱效果提高明显,泛黄现象得到一定改善。     

真丝织物的抗皱抗菌整理研究

用微波辐照的方法在真丝织物表面引发接枝环氧化合物,使真丝织物具有良好的抗皱性能,并且用壳聚糖再次整理真丝织物,使其具有抗菌的性能。研究结果表明：真丝织物经接枝丙三醇缩水甘油醚和壳聚糖后,同时具有抗皱和抗菌效果。经过双重复合工艺处理后的真丝织物具有良好的抗菌率和较好的物理机械性能。     

异氰酸酯基封端聚醚改性聚硅氧烷在真丝抗皱整理中的应用

以端含氢硅油与烯丙基聚醚为原料制备端羟基聚醚改性聚硅氧烷,再以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)改性,制备异氰酸酯基封端聚醚改性聚硅氧烷,并以此作为抗皱整理剂应用于真丝织物抗皱整理。研究端氢聚硅氧烷和烯丙基聚醚的摩尔质量对整理剂表面活性及抗皱性能的影响,优化整理工艺条件,测定整理织物的性能。结果表明:端氢硅油摩尔质量为1 321 g/mol,烯丙基聚醚的摩尔质量为400 g/mol时,整理剂具有良好的表面活性和抗皱效果。整理真丝织物干、湿折皱回复角分别为308°和214°,与环氧改性聚硅氧烷等整理剂整理的织物相比,其抗皱效果更好,强力损伤明显减小,且具有优良的亲水性和柔软性。     

环保型无甲醛免烫整理剂LT-C对真丝织物抗皱和染色性能影响

文章用自制的环保型无甲醛免烫整理剂LT-C对真丝织物进行处理,探讨了LT-C对真丝织物抗皱和直接染料染色性能的影响。通过研究分析,总结了LT-C对真丝绸抗皱整理的最佳工艺条件。     

硅酮弹性体在真丝织物抗皱整理中的应用

将纳米ZnO作为氨基硅酮弹性体的催化剂,对真丝织物进行抗皱整理,整理后真丝织物的折皱回复角由200.12°提高到255.58°,且不影响织物手感,具有较好的耐洗性能.     

柠檬酸抗皱整理对真丝织物耐洗性影响研究

研究了柠檬酸(CA)无甲醛抗皱整理工艺对真丝织物耐洗性能的影响。耐洗性能较好的适宜工艺条件为CA7％,次磷酸钠6％,三乙醇胺4％,甲酸8％,焙烘温度170℃,处理2min适当加少量柔软剂和渗透剂。整理后的真丝织物抗皱性能、耐洗性能得到有效改善,并可保持丝绸原有的风格。     

真丝织物无甲醛抗皱整理剂的发展近况

文章总结了有关真丝织物无甲醛抗皱整理剂的发展近况，讨论了各种整理剂的整理效果及优缺点，为真丝织物抗皱整理的研究提供一定参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the