Tepary Bean Flour, Albumin and Globulin Fractions Functional Properties Compared with Soy Protein Isolate

The solubilities of teparies albumin (TA) and globulin (TG) compared to soy protein isolate (SPI) were higher at pH 1–4 but similar at pH 8–12. Although SPI developed significantly higher viscosity than the tepary bean proteins, the flour (TF) and TA had significantly higher heat coagulability and foaming properties. TG did not coagulate upon heating (100°C). Also, TG formed a weaker and less stable foam and had significantly lower emulsion capacity than TF, TA, and SPI. Tepary bean proteins absorbed significantly higher amounts of fat (corn oil) than SPI.     

Functional Properties of Raw and Heat Processed Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Flour

Nitrogen solubility, emulsification capacity, foam capacity, fat and water absorption capacity of raw and heat-processed winged bean flour were compared with those of raw soy flour, both as a function of pH and NaCl concentration. Nitrogen solubility vs pH profile showed only one minimum, at pH 4.5. Heat processing of winged bean flour lowered nitrogen solubility. Water and fat absorption capacity of winged bean flour were 2.1 g/g and 1.4 g/g, respectively; those of raw soy flour were 3.1 g/g and 1.2 g/g. Heat processing increased water and fat absorption capacity of winged bean flour by 38% and 57%, respectively. Emulsification capacity of raw winged bean flour was higher than that of raw soy flour by about 30–60% depending on the pH. Heat processing diminished emulsification and foam capacity of winged bean flour by about 35% and 18%, respectively. Incorporation of NaCl up to 0.4M improved emulsification capacity of winged bean flour and foam capacity up to 0.2 M.     

Effect of Partial Proteolysis on the Functional Properties of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Flour

The effect of partial proteolysis of winged bean flour with a protease from A. oryzae on its functional properties has been determined. At 45% hydrolysis, nitrogen solubility in water increased twofold and in 1M NaCl solution by 63%. Bulk density increased from 0.387 to 0.597 g/mL. Foam volume showed a maximum increase of 50% at 18% hydrolysis and then decreased. Emulsifying capacity did not show any change. Water absorption capacity decreased from 245g/100g to 135g/100g at 45% hydrolysis and oil absorption capacity from 190g/100g to 120g/100g.     

Effect of Acetylation and Succinylation on the Functional Properties of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Flour

Winged bean flour was acylated to various degrees and changes in functional properties were monitored. Nitrogen solubility in water increased up to ?80% acylation and then decreased. Water absorption capacity increased continuously with the extent of acylation. The fat absorption capacity of the acetylated flour increased up to ?30% acetylation and then decreased while that of the succinylated flour remained unchanged. Emulsion capacity showed the same trend as nitrogen solubility in water. Foam capacity increased due to acylation but foam stability decreased. Bulk density of the acetylated flour increased up to ?80% acetylation and then decreased. Succinylated flour had higher bulk density at all levels of succinylation.     

红小豆分离蛋白功能特性研究

研究红小豆分离蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性,并与大豆分离蛋白进行对比。结果表明:红小豆分离蛋白在较低的pH值下具有更好的溶解性,吸油性、乳化性和起泡性与大豆分离蛋白相当,但比大豆分离蛋白具有更好的乳化稳定性和起泡稳定性。     

大豆分离蛋白功能性质及其影响因素

作为一种食品添加剂,大豆分离蛋白广泛应用于各种各样的食品体系中。大豆分离蛋白的成功应用在于它具有多种多样的功能性质,功能性质是大豆分离蛋白最为重要的理化性质,如凝胶性、乳化性、起泡性、粘度等。本文主要综述大豆分离蛋白功能性质,并简要概述影响大豆分离蛋白功能性质的主要因素。     

脱皮脱脂杂豆粉的理化与功能特性

以大白芸豆、奶花芸豆、小白芸豆、豇豆、绿豆、红小豆、小扁豆、豌豆8种食用杂豆为实验材料,以大豆为对照,对其脱皮、脱脂后的杂豆粉理化特性和功能特性进行比较分析。结果表明：与脱皮脱脂大豆粉相比,脱皮脱脂杂豆粉的堆积密度和吸水性指数高,水溶性指数、吸水能力、吸油能力低,乳化性、乳化稳定性差异不显著,凝胶能力强,起泡性及起泡稳定性差异显著。不同杂豆粉之间的理化特性与功能特性有差异。脱脂大白芸豆粉的堆积密度小,水溶性指数、吸油性和乳化稳定性高;脱脂小白芸豆粉吸水性、乳化性、起泡性及起泡稳定性强;脱脂豌豆粉凝胶能力和起泡性好,乳化稳定性差。     

Isolation and Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

Preparation and physicochemical properties of winged bean starch have been studied. Gelatinization temperature range was 60–70°C and it exhibited single stage swelling and low solubility. The extensive solubility in dimethylsulfoxide may be due to heterogeneous bonding forces within the granule. The amylolytic susceptibility of native and gelatinized starch with human salivary α-amylase and glucoamylase was studied. The starch was found to be non-ionic. The amylose content was 38.5%.     

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Peeled and Unpeeled Pumpkin Flour

ABSTRACT:  This study was intended to investigate the potential of peeled and unpeeled pumpkin pulp as a raw material for the production of flour that could be used in composite blend with wheat flour or as a functional ingredient in food products. The peeled and unpeeled pumpkin pulp were soaked in sodium metabisulphite solution, sliced and dried overnight in a hot air oven, followed by milling into peeled pumpkin pulp flour (PPPF) and unpeeled pumpkin pulp flour (UPPF), respectively. The flours were then evaluated for physicochemical attributes (color, proximate compositions, and water activity) and functional properties (water holding capacity and oil holding capacity), in comparison to the commercial wheat flour. PPPF and UPPF were observed to be more attractive in terms of color than wheat flour, as indicated by the significantly higher results ( P  ≤ 0.05) in  a * and  b * values. In comparison to wheat flour, PPPF and UPPF were superior in term of nutrients as indicated by the significantly higher ( P  ≤ 0.05) ash and crude fiber content. No significant difference ( P  ≥ 0.05) was shown in water holding capacity of PPPF and wheat flour. However, the oil holding capacity of PPPF and UPPF was shown to be significantly higher ( P  ≤ 0.05) than the wheat flour, indicating the potential of PPPF and UPPF as emulsifying agents. Moisture content and water activity values in PPPF and UPPF were significantly lower ( P  ≤ 0.05) than wheat flour, suggesting that PPPF and UPPF have a better keeping quality and longer shelf life.     

Bioavailability of Zinc and Iron from Mature Winged Bean Seed Flour

The relative bioavailability of zinc and iron from mature winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) flour was determined utilizing standard rat bioassay procedures. Weight gain of rats after 21 days and total bone (tibia) zinc resulting from zinc addition to the standard diet as zinc carbonate or from zinc endogenous to winged bean flour were compared. The relative bioavailability of winged bean zinc was calculated to be 85% (P < 0.05) and 93% (N.S.) when weight gain and log tibia zinc were the criteria of evaluation. The results of the hemoglobin repletion assay indicated that iron from winged bean was 89% (N.S.) as bioavailable iron from ferrous sulfate.     

栗粉的理化与功能特性研究注

本文研究了以毛板红品种为原料加工成的生栗粉和熟栗粉的理化性质与功能特性,并同市售小麦面粉进行了功能特性与营养成分的比较.结果表明,在化学成分方面,熟粉有较多的淀粉发生水解,且直链淀粉含量较生粉高;功能特性方面,熟粉的吸水能力较生粉好,但吸油能力、起泡能力和泡沫稳定性较生粉差;糊化特性方面,熟粉已有部分淀粉发生糊化,各项糊化特征值都较生粉低;生粉在色泽上要比熟粉白.栗粉的脂肪和可溶性糖含量高于小麦面粉,淀粉、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量接近于面粉;栗粉的吸水能力要高于面粉,吸油能力与面粉相似,但起泡能力不及面粉.     

杏鲍菇分离蛋白和清蛋白的理化性质及功能分析

以杏鲍菇为原料,分别利用碱溶酸沉法提取杏鲍菇分离蛋白（Pleurotus eryngii protein isolate,PEPI）、Osborne法分离主要蛋白组分,并研究其理化性质和功能分析。结果表明,杏鲍菇的蛋白质量分数为17.57%（以干质量计）,以杏鲍菇清蛋白（Pleurotus eryngii albumin,PEA）为主,占总分离蛋白组分的81.12%。PEPI和PEA中均含18?种氨基酸,且必需氨基酸含量分别占总氨基酸含量的40.80%和40.51%。与PEPI相比,PEA的表面疏水性（265.25）显著高于PEPI（164.27）（P＜0.05）,而总巯基、二硫键含量较低,分别为61.53?μmol/g和10.39?μmol/g;热变性温度（100.98?℃）低于PEPI（108.27?℃）,且PEA持水性（1.64?mL/g）、持油性（5.59?mL/g）显著低于PEPI（3.58、8.36?mL/g）（P＜0.05）。PEPI和PEA的溶解性、起泡性、泡沫稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性随pH值的变化趋势均相似,在等电点时均为最低。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示PEPI和PEA的二级结构主要是β-折叠和β-转角,扫描电镜观察PEPI呈蜂巢结构。相比PEA,PEPI具有更好的理化性质和功能特性。     

氮气对改性大豆分离蛋白功能性的影响

利用氮气对大豆分离蛋白 (SPI)进行改性 ,研究结果表明充氮气、反应温度、反应时间、充氮量四因素对SPI改性均有影响。通过正交试验确定了经氮气改性的SPI凝胶性、保水性、乳化性和乳化稳定性的 4组最佳处理组合。试验表明改性后SPI的凝胶性、保水性、乳化性和乳化稳定性分别比对照样提高了 10 0 %、 2 10 %、 7%和 91%。     

大豆分离蛋白对速冻肉饼理化和质构特性的影响

本实验用大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）替代速冻中式肉饼中的部分猪肥膘,研究SPI对肉饼的加工特性、质构特性和色度的影响。结果表明：SPI替代率为12.5%～62.5%时,速冻肉饼的离心损失率、蒸煮损失率逐渐减少,蒸煮损失率的减少量最大达89%,离心损失率减少量最大为49%;水分含量和水分保有率逐渐增大,当替代率为62.5%时,生肉饼水分含量增大了31%,熟肉饼水分含量增大了36%,水分保有率增加了32%;而解冻损失率在SPI替代率为0～37.5%时是逐渐降低的,超过37.5%则变大。蛋白质含量随着SPI替代率的增大而增大,当替代率为37.5%时,生肉饼蛋白质含量比无替代肉饼增加了34%,而脂肪含量随着替代率的增大而减少,替代率最大时脂肪含量减少最多,减少量达到57%（生肉饼）。质构方面,肉饼硬度、咀嚼性随着SPI替代率的增大逐渐增大。SPI替代率在50.0%及以下对肉饼的色度值没有影响。     

大豆分离蛋白的超滤制备及其功能特性的研究

研究了超滤法制备大豆分离蛋白 (SPI)过程中温度、压力、pH值对膜通量的影响 ,并确定其最佳工艺参数。同时研究超滤法制备的大豆分离蛋白的功能特性 ,结果表明 ,与碱溶酸沉法制备的大豆分离蛋白相比 ,超滤法制备的大豆分离蛋白的NSI、PDI、乳化性、发泡性均有提高 ,但其凝胶性、黏度比前者要差。在一定 pH值范围内 ,碱溶酸沉法制备的SPI的泡沫稳定性优于超滤法制备的SPI     

百合(Liliumbrownii)粉的物化性质及功能特性的研究

研究了百合粉的化学、物理和功能特性。结果表明 ,百合粉主要由淀粉和少量蛋白质组成 ,含硫氨基酸在百合磷茎含量很少 ,单糖组成主要是葡萄糖。对百合粉的功能特性如吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和起泡性等的研究表明 ,其可用于一些食品的加工。从百合粉中分离出的多糖的相对分子质量在 2 91× 10 2 ～ 1 0 2× 10 6之间。     

蚕豆分离蛋白的制备及其功能性质研究

研究了蚕豆分离蛋白的制备工艺，确定了蚕豆蛋白浸提的最佳工艺参数，并对蚕豆分离蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性、凝胶性等功能性质进行了研究。研究结果表明：蚕豆蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件为pH值8．0、提取时间20min、提取温度50℃、料水比1：15；蚕豆分离蛋白的吸油性、乳化稳定性和起泡性优于大豆分离蛋白，吸水性、乳化性较差。     

Effects of Defatted Jack Bean Flour and Jack Bean Protein Concentrate on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Bread

This study evaluated the effects of substituting wheat flour with defatted Jack bean flour and Jack bean protein concentrate on bread quality. Jack bean flour milled from the seed nibs was defatted with n-hexane and part of the defatted flour (DJF) extracted in acid medium (pH; 4.5) for protein concentrate (JPC). Both the DJF and JPC were analysed for nutrient composition, and then used to fortify bread. Five bread samples with 0%, 10% and 20% of DJF or JPC were prepared using straight dough procedure, and then analysed for quality characteristics. The DJF and JPC had 28.8% and 49.47% protein, 46.44% and 30.22% carbohydrate, 0.61% and 1.00% crude fibre respectively; and were rich in Ca, Fe, Zn and P. Both DJF and JPC improved quality of bread but JPC conferred better quality. The 20% DJF and JPC respectively improved protein content of bread from 9.45% to 10. 97% and 11.16%, crude fibre from 2.39% to 5.20% and 5.32%, fat from 2.35% to 7.00% and 6.55%, and ash content from 1.35% to 2.05% and 2.10% but decreased carbohydrate content from 72.12% to 50.45% and 50.39% in the bread samples. All the fortified bread samples had acceptable crumb colour, crumb texture, flavour and loaf volume significantly comparable (p > 0.05) to those of 100% wheat bread. Thus, defatted Jack bean flour and Jack bean protein concentrate is recommended for use in fortifying bread for higher quality.     

迷迭香大豆分离蛋白膜的制备及其性能

以大豆分离蛋白为基质,通过添加迷迭香来制备抗氧化薄膜,研究迷迭香抗氧化剂的添加对膜理化性质和抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,迷迭香和大豆分离蛋白制备的活性蛋白膜材料具有光滑透明的外观和优秀的机械性能,其拉伸强度超过同厚度的低密度聚乙烯材料。迷迭香含量的不同导致其与蛋白基材料间的相互作用力不同,从而使活性蛋白膜出现不同的结构,其中迷迭香质量浓度为0.25 g/L的活性蛋白膜所具有疏松结构,为迷迭香与自由基的反应提供了便利,其对ABTS+自由基的抑制率大于其他活性蛋白膜,呈现出最佳的抗氧化性能。     

Physicochemical Characteristics of Dry-Roasted Navy Bean Flour Fractions

Navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were dry roasted in a particle-to-particle heat exchanger, dehulled by air aspiration, pin-milled and air-classified to yield whole, hull, high protein, and high starch flour fractions. Proximate analysis, color, ENDF, starch, nitrogen solubility indices, and oligosaccharide contents of these flour fractions were determined. Compositional differences were demonstrated among all flour fractions. Stachyose was the major oligosaccharide in all fractions and was highest in the protein fraction. Substituting 10% bean flours for wheat changed water absorption and dough stability for all fractions. Dry roasted navy bean flour fractions appeared to be suitable ingredients for use in appropriate food systems.