超高强度船体结构钢焊接性的研究现状和趋势

基于对超高强度船体结构钢及其焊接接头力学性能的总结和讨论，揭示了超高强度船体结构钢的焊接性问题，即在大线能量焊接条件下热影响区粗晶区的低温韧性较差。从马-奥(M-A)组元的生成和粒状贝氏体的生成两方面，分析了产生该焊接性问题的本质原因。总结了改善超高强度船体结构钢焊接性的途径：应用氧化物冶金技术、引入Cu沉淀强化和提高Ni含量。综合对当前超高强度船体结构钢研究现状的分析，认为超低C和高Ni含量的设计可成为进一步改善超高强度船体结构钢焊接性的思路。     

新型纳米强化超高强度钢的研究与进展

随着资源、能源和环境压力日益加大,超高强度钢的开发越来越受到世界各国的极大重视。传统的超高强度钢大都是依赖提高碳含量或合金元素含量而获得较高强度的马氏体或贝氏体钢,此种钢存在着焊接性能差、塑韧性低、钢材尺寸受限制和成本昂贵等问题,严重制约了经济的快速发展和现代国防的建设,因此,开发综合性能良好、成本低廉的新型超高强度钢刻不容缓。结合当前纳米科技的发展,介绍了新型纳米强化超高强度钢的设计理念,阐述了以纳米相析出强化为主、多种强化方式结合的强韧化理论,并总结了纳米析出强化超高强度钢在合金设计和工艺优化等方面的初步研究进展,最后探讨了新型纳米强化超高强度钢亟待解决的问题。     

低预热焊接高强度舰船结构钢的发展途径

综述了低预热焊接的高强度舰船结构钢种的研究现状和发展途径。指出其发展途径主要是改进现役钢种、开发沉淀硬化型舰船结构钢、研究超低碳贝氏体舰船结构钢及采用新的生产工艺。     

船体结构钢及焊接材料数据库应用系统设计开发

为了解决结构钢及焊接材料数据的有效存储及高效利用问题,使用SQL Server作为后台数据仓库,VB作系统开发,ODBC数据源作为连接技术,设计开发了船体结构钢及焊接材料数据库应用系统.系统具有结构钢及焊接材料信息查询、标准及报告查询等四大功能模块,并以结构钢配套焊条为例,通过性能预测智慧框架和神经网络模型构建、神经网...     

利用最小晶格错配和强有序效应发展超强金属材料（英文）

本文概括总结了传统超高强度钢的强韧化机制,针对2 GPa以上超高强度钢强韧性匹配不足、成本昂贵等突出问题,提出了最小化晶格错配和强有序效应以发展新型超强金属材料,并协同利用高密度共格粒子、高密度位错、弹性畸变中心等多重效应,克服传统共格析出强化合金低塑韧性问题,实现超高强度钢良好强韧性匹配.     

高合金超高强度钢的发展

超高强度钢是在普通合金结构钢的基础上发展起来的一种超高强度、高韧性合金钢,在现代工业中占有重要地位,在航空、航天部门也被广泛使用.本文介绍了超高强度钢,特别是高合金超高强度钢的发展和应用情况,指出了现今在这一领域的研究热点.     

船体结构钢焊接冷裂纹研究进展

对船体结构钢焊接冷裂纹研究进展进行了综述。分析了扩散氢、淬硬组织和拉应力等因素在焊接冷裂纹形成过程中的作用,介绍了基于3个影响因素形成的焊接冷裂纹形成机理,总结了基于焊接材料改进、焊接工艺控制、母材焊接性改进、低匹配焊接等思路的船体结构钢焊接冷裂纹控制方法,并对焊接冷裂纹研究重点进行了展望。     

16Co14Ni10Cr2Mo钢制飞机平尾大轴的真空淬火EI

介绍了可焊接的新型超高强度结构钢16NiCo及其制作的飞机水平安定面转动轴的真空热处理工艺。实践证明,采用真空热处理,可获得最佳的技术经济效益。     

C和V对奥氏体不锈钢焊缝的强化

研究了元素C、V对高强度奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属的强化作用。结果显示,提高C含量,具有明显的固溶强化效果,但C含量的增加导致大量碳化物在晶界上析出;提高V含量使细小弥散的碳化钒在晶内析出,产生明显的沉淀强化效果。在强化效果基本相同时,后者的韧性高于前者。     

国外舰船材料焊接标准化

以舰船船体结构钢为研究对象,主要介绍了美国舰船材料焊接标准体系的构成、内容及特点。     

新一代舰船用钢制备技术的现状与发展展望

综述了美国舰船用钢的发展历程,总结了其成分体系、工艺技术及典型应用,分析了新一代舰船用钢的发展趋势。介绍了我国舰船用钢的主要发展历程,指出了我国舰船用钢与国际先进水平的主要差距。对于新一代极低碳复合析出强化型高强韧钢进行了探索性研究。结果发现,采用极低碳成分并结合控制轧制工艺技术,可以获得强度和韧性的良好匹配。对实验钢的显微组织和析出相进行了检测分析,对强韧化机制进行了初步的阐述。最后,概述了我国高强韧钢生产的关键技术及装备基础。我国自主开发的新一代TMCP工艺技术和装备已达到国际先进水平,表明我国新一代舰船用钢由“跟踪”向“自主研发”转变已经具备了坚实的装备和工艺基础。     

Influence of nickel on microstructure and mechanical properties of medium-manganese steels

To combine the advantage of density reduction and excellent performance, nanometer-sized B2 particles were introduced into the δ ferrite matrix of high-aluminium low-density steel by the addition of nickel (Fe–0.2C–11Mn–6Al–4/8Ni). Compared to Fe–0.2C–11Mn–6Al (0Ni) steel, the hardness and tensile strength of 4Ni and 8Ni steels are significantly improved. The improvement of tensile strength in 4Ni and 8Ni steels was primarily contributed by the precipitation strengthening or solution strengthening of B2 particles in δ ferrite. At the higher annealing temperature, the original dislocation density in δ ferrite is lower. However, dislocation multiplication during tensile deformation was more significant in the sample annealed at higher temperature, which was responsible for a higher work hardening rate.     

Computer-aided design of transformation toughened blast resistant naval hull steels: Part I

A systematic approach to computer-aided materials design has formulated a new class of ultratough, weldable secondary hardened plate steels combining new levels of strength and toughness while meeting processability requirements. A theoretical design concept integrated the mechanism of precipitated nickel-stabilized dispersed austenite for transformation toughening in an alloy strengthened by combined precipitation of M₂C carbides and BCC copper both at an optimal ∼3 nm particle size for efficient strengthening. This concept was adapted to plate steel design by employing a mixed bainitic/martensitic matrix microstructure produced by air-cooling after solution-treatment and constraining the composition to low carbon content for weldability. With optimized levels of copper and M₂C carbide formers based on a quantitative strength model, a required alloy nickel content of 6.5 wt% was predicted for optimal austenite stability for transformation toughening at the desired strength level of 160 ksi (1,100 MPa) yield strength. A relatively high Cu level of 3.65 wt% was employed to allow a carbon limit of 0.05 wt% for good weldability, without causing excessive solidification microsegregation.     

On the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-speed steels

The microstructure of high-speed steels consists of a martensitic matrix with a dispersion of two sets of carbides. These carbides are usually known as primary and secondary carbides. The role of the primary carbides has been reported to be of no importance in strengthening the steels, due to their large size and large interparticle spacing. The present authors have studied the role of the primary carbides on the wear of high-speed steels and found them to be of no importance, and under certain conditions contributing to higher wear rates. It has been shown analytically and experimentally that in quenched and tempered high-speed steels, the precipitation of the secondary hardening carbide (cubic M₂C type) is the main reason for the improved strength and wear resistance. This shows that the secondary hardening phenomenon of high-speed steels is a direct result of the hardening caused by the precipitation of the cubic M_2C-type carbide. The present study has estimated that at peak hardness the volume fraction of secondary hardening carbides is approximately 20%. The measured strength of high-speed steels was found to be lower than the theoretically calculated strength due to non-homogeneous precipitation of the secondary hardening carbides. Areas which were observed to be free from secondary hardening carbides are real and are not artefacts. It has been shown that the strength of high-speed steel in the region of peak hardness depends primarily on the precipitation of the secondary hardening carbide and secondarily on martensitic strengthening.     

飞机起落架用超高强度不锈钢的研究及应用进展

本文结合飞机起落架的设计理念,梳理了飞机起落架用超高强度钢及高强不锈钢的应用及发展历程,重点阐述了典型超高强度不锈钢的成分、组织和力学性能以及强韧化机理。建议通过材料热力学动力学计算创新设计新的超高强度不锈钢钢种;提出新型超高强度不锈钢的组织设计,将更关注多类型或高密度的共格析出强化以及高力学稳定性残余奥氏体的强韧化作用机制;最后指出采用最新的一些加工工艺技术,如等温多向锻造工艺技术,可显著提高超高强度不锈钢的综合力学性能。     

390MPa级Ti+Nb超低碳高强度BH钢组织性能研究

对Ti+Nb+B复合处理超低碳高强度BH钢的热轧、冷轧和连续退火进行实验。结果表明:试制的超低碳高强度BH钢退火板的屈强比为0.536,烘烤硬化值为44MPa,具有较为优良的成形性能和烘烤硬化性能,抗拉强度为394MPa,达到了390MPa级超低碳高强度BH钢板的强度要求。物理化学相分析表明:添加在超低碳高强度BH钢中的B除了析出了2mg/kg的BN,大部分的B在钢中以间隙固溶的形式存在,对超低碳高强度BH钢基体起到了固溶强化的作用。     

Design and characterization of a lamellar nanostructure in a low C steel

A fully lamellar ferrite/cementite nanostructure was designed in a low C steel by using a specific thermal treatment. The strengthening of such microstructure has been investigated as a function of prestrain by rolling up to a deformation of 300%. As in usual pearlitic structure, its work-hardening shows no saturation and its elongation to fracture remains rather constant instead of decreasing drastically as conventional steels. The hardening by a similitude effect is thus not the privilege of pearlitic steels. Nevertheless, its lower initial work-hardening rate at low strain compared to an equivalent pearlitic steel and a lower hardening potential at high strain let us suspect major differences in the nature and the behaviour of ferrite channels in relation to the morphogenesis of the microstructure. This study opens a new way to obtain low carbon ultra-high strength steel by a nanostructuration process using severe plastic deformations.