改进PVO预测的自适应选块可逆图像水印

为了解决预测误差方法在预测精度和图像不可感 知性上的不足,提出一种基于改进PVO的自适应选块可逆图像水印算 法。首先对原始图像进行分块,并利用子块内相关像素不平均值之间的梯度计算子块 噪声级;然后结合像素值排序预测 算子得到预测误差直方图;最后根据子块噪声级自适应地选择水印的嵌入位置,并采用本 文算法进行水印嵌入。本 算法可以根据原始图像的特性自适应选择水印嵌入的子块,提高了像素预测精度,减少了水 印嵌入产生的失真;提取水印信息 后,可以无失真地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,本文针对噪声级判断以及PVO算法的改进 策略可以有效提升可逆图像水印 算法的性能,在相同的嵌入容量下,本算法嵌入水印后的图像峰值信噪比较相关文献平均提 高了1.3%左右,具有更好的不可感知性。     

基于预测方式选择的可逆信息隐藏

为了提高信息隐藏算法的性能,提出一种基于预测 方式选择和直方图平移的灰度图像可逆信息隐藏算法。通过两种相对准确的预测方法对像素 进行预 测,对突变像素进行标记,标记像素不做任何处理。最后选择其中一种相对准确 的预测值方法作为最终预测方法,求出预测误差并利用预测误差扩展和直方图平 移技术进行数据嵌入。算法自适应地选择最佳预测方法,充分利用图像冗余,有 效提高嵌入容量(EC)。实验结果显示,本文算法充分利用邻近像素间的关联性 ,在保证EC的同时有效提高了峰值信噪比(PSNR)和算法的整体性能。     

基于边缘检测和像素分类的可逆数据隐藏

为了提高嵌入算法的整体性能,提出一种基于边缘检测和像素分类的灰度图像可逆数据隐藏算法。算法按嵌入容量优先原则自适应地选择最佳阈值提取图像边缘,并根据边缘信息和指定的图像质量控制因子将像素分为平滑、弱边缘和强边缘像素3类。对平滑像素,通过增加嵌入强度的方法提高嵌入容量,预测误差直方图平移2位;对弱边缘像素,像素值最大修改量为1,从而保证图像含密质量;强边缘像素的像素值保持不变,进一步提高含密图像质量。实验结果表明,本文算法在保证图像质量的同时有效提高嵌入容量,算法的整体性能优于其它同类算法。     

基于复合预测误差差值和互补嵌入的可逆数据隐藏

提出一种基于分块复合预测的误差差值和互补嵌入的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。利用色彩分量之间的相关性和预测误差之间的关系减小差值,以增加差值直方图的峰值。采用双重嵌入方法提高嵌入容量,两次嵌入过程中像素值沿相反的方向扩展,部分像素值扩展量相互抵消,在图像分块的基础上选择最佳的预测方式组合,以增加扩展量抵消的机会,从而减小二次嵌入时图像质量的下降幅度。实验结果表明,本文算法在保证图像质量的同时大幅提高嵌入容量,算法的整体性能比其它同类算法更高。     

基于块容量标签的密文图像可逆数据隐藏方法

密文图像的可逆数据隐藏技术既能保证载体内容不被泄露,又能传递附加信息。本文提出了一种基于块容量标签(block capacity label, BCL)的高容量密文图像可逆数据隐藏算法。该方案在图像加密之前进行预处理,首先将图像分为两个区域：参考像素区域和预测像素区域。然后将预测像素区域分为不重叠的块,根据所提出的算法确定分块的BCL,在对图像进行加密之后嵌入BCL,生成加密图像;在秘密数据嵌入阶段,根据BCL和数据隐藏密钥嵌入秘密数据。实验测试了BOWS-2数据集,平均嵌入容量为3.806 8 bpp,与现有方法相比,该方法可以获得更高的秘密数据嵌入容量,并可以实现原始图像的完美重建。     

基于帧内预测模式的H.264/AVC视频信息嵌入算法

提出了一种基于帧内预测模式的H.264/AVC视频信息嵌入算法.在秘密信息进行嵌入时,根据人类视觉特性的掩蔽效应,筛选出I帧中纹理密集区域的4×4亮度块,确定为嵌入块.通过秘密信息调制4×4亮度块的预测模式最低有效位,完成秘密信息的嵌入.通过对算法进行仿真实验,证明本算法计算量小,能够实时处理.对视频载体影响小,有一定的嵌入容量,能够保证秘密信息的有效传输.     

基于预测误差分类置乱的图像加密域可逆信息隐藏

为提高XU算法的隐藏容量和加密图像的安全性, 提出了一种基于预测误差分类置乱的加密域可逆 信息隐藏算法。首先根据XU的预测方法得到非采到样像素的预测误差,根据预测误差的取值范 围将所有非 采样像素分为可变像素和不变像素两类。对采样像素、可变像素和不变像素分类置乱后再异 或加密生成加 密图像,以提高加密图像的安全性。可变像素的低2位用于保存图像信息,剩余的6个高有效 位均可用于 隐藏信息,实现了一个可变像素嵌入多比特附加信息,提高了嵌入容量。实验结果表明,本 算法的加密方 法能有效抵抗COA唯密文攻击,且平滑图像的隐藏容量可以超过2比特每像素。     

水印容量可变数字图像可恢复水印算法研究

考虑到水印嵌入容量及安全性,探究出水印容量可变的一种数字图像恢复水印算法,利用这种算法对图像特征加以提取,使容量恢复水印得以生成。图像块恢复水印以图像块中随机嵌入密钥低有效位为基础,通过对比恢复水印重构特征与图像块特征,对图像块本身真实性予以判定。变容量恢复水印应该用比特数存储图像块信息,嵌入期间还用于恢复与篡改检测,既有利于减低水印嵌入容量,又有利于算法抵抗恒均值攻击功能的提升,结果表明,数字图像恢复水印算法能够得到质量较高的恢复图像与含水印图像,具有较高拼贴攻击抵抗力。     

偏置型像素预测的航拍图像可逆信息隐藏

航拍绝缘子图像在电力线路设备巡检中具有重要意义,无人机一般使用电荷藕合器件图像传感器,拍出的绝缘子图像通常分辨率低、噪点多、背景复杂度差别大,因此对信息嵌入容量和图像保真度要求高.针对上述特点,提出了一种基于偏置型像素预测的可逆信息隐藏方法.新方法标识了动态窗口像素块内的像素,设计了偏置型预测像素选择策略,结合均衡型方案对SIPI标准图像库的Lena和Airplane以及3幅航拍工况绝缘子图像进行了实验分析.结果表明,偏置型方案可以在不降低嵌入质量的前提下,获得更高的嵌入容量.     

基于部分高位平面预测的图像加密域可逆信息隐藏

提出一种基于部分高位平面预测的图像加密域可逆 信息隐 藏算法。本算法利用自然图像高位平面相关性高的特点,根据像素高位n(2相似文献   

An efficient reversible data hiding scheme using prediction and optimal side information selection

In this paper, we present an efficient histogram shifting (HS) based reversible data hiding scheme for copyright protection of multimedia. Firstly, an improved HS based multi-layer embedding process for rhombus prediction is employed by introducing a control parameter to explore the correlation of prediction errors. A rate-distortion model for HS embedding is then developed for optimal side information selection, which is especially suitable for low payload reversible data hiding when only a single layer embedding is required. Finally, a modified location map is constructed to facilitate the compression of location map and further increase the embedding capacity. Compared with similar schemes, experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme in the terms of embedding capacity and stego-image quality.     

基于差值扩展和余数调整的可逆数据隐藏

将Tian差值扩展技术应用于彩色图像,提出一种基于预测误差差值扩展(PEDE)和余数调整的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。针对传统差值扩展技术存在过分修改像素灰度值、须嵌入定位图等缺点,首先利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并将差值扩展量分散到2个色彩分量中;其次,由2个色彩分量中像素的预测平均值决定可用于扩展嵌入的差值,对不能用于扩展嵌入的差值则用可逆对比图RCM变换嵌入数据,无需保存溢出定位图;最后,对直方图平移技术进行改进,实现嵌入容量和失真控制,提取端在提取信息时可无损地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,与其他算法相比,本文算法在同等嵌入率下可取得更好的图像质量,算法复杂度更低。     

An efficient high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted images

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images is an effective technique to embed information in encrypted domain, without knowing the original content of the image or the encryption key. In this paper, a high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted images based on MSB (most significant bit) prediction is proposed. Since the prediction is not always accurate, it is necessary to identify the prediction error and store this information in the location map. The stream cipher is then used to encrypt the original image directly. During the data hiding phase, up to three MSBs of each available pixel in the encrypted image are substituted by the bits of the secret message. At the receiving end, the embedded data can be extracted without any errors and the original image can be perfectly reconstructed by utilizing MSB prediction. Experimental results show that the scheme can achieve higher embedding capacity than most related methods.     

PVO-based reversible data hiding using adaptive multiple histogram generation and modification

A recently proposed pixel-value-ordering (PVO)–based reversible data hiding (RDH) method takes a sharp histogram derived from two skewed histograms, which realizes good performance through reducing the number of shifted pixels. However, in this recent work, since pixels with different local complexity are processed with the same modification manner based on a single histogram without considering their different local properties, the embedding performance is far from optimal. In this paper, to better exploit the pixel complexity and enhance the reversible embedding performance, a novel PVO-based RDH method using adaptive multiple histogram generation and modification is proposed. First, pixels with different local complexity are divided into several classes utilizing multiple thresholds. Then, a PVO-based predictor is used for prediction and multiple prediction-error histograms corresponding to the different pixel classes are obtained. Next, the generated histograms are modified to embed data according to their statistical characteristics. Here, based on the established capacity–distortion model, the histogram generation and modification are processed in an adaptive way to optimize the embedding performance. Moreover, by extending the proposed method to multiple two-dimensional prediction-error histograms, the embedding performance can be further improved. Experimental results verify that the proposed method outperforms certain state-of-the-art techniques with good marked-image quality.     

Reversible data hiding using multi-pass pixel value ordering and prediction-error expansion

Pixel value ordering (PVO) prediction has become the most efficient method for high-fidelity reversible data hiding (RDH). In this approach, only the maximum and minimum of pixel block are predicted and modified to embed data and the preservation of pixel value order guarantees the reversibility. To achieve larger embedding capacity and superior performance, more blocks suitable for RDH are utilized in recent improved schemes. However, their performance is still unsatisfactory. In this paper, a novel RDH scheme is proposed by extending original PVO into multi-pass PVO embedding. Specially, the k largest or smallest pixels are taken as independent data bit carriers to fulfill k-pass PVO embedding. Although the pixel value order may change after data embedding, reversibility still can be guaranteed and image redundancy can be far better exploited. Moreover, embedding performance can be further enhanced by optimal combined embedding. Experimental results verify that the proposed scheme outperforms previous PVO-based schemes and some other state-of-the-art works.     

On the multi-level embedding of crypto-image reversible data hiding

Crypto-space reversible image steganography has attracted increasing attention, given its ability to embed authentication information without revealing the image content. This paper presents an efficient reversible data hiding scheme for crypto-images: a block predictor is applied to compute prediction errors, then an adaptive block mapping algorithm is utilized to compress them whose amplitudes are within a small threshold, finally, this strategy can be applied in a multi-level manner to achieve a higher embedding capacity. Due to the correlations among adjacent pixels in the block, images can be sufficiently compressed to reserve abundant space for additional data embedding. Different from the prior arts, the compression code of the image is fully encrypted. Experimental results verify that the embedded data and original image can be perfectly recovered, the security is higher compared with the state-of-the-arts, and a significant improvement in the average embedding rate is achieved on two large-scale image datasets.     

基于互补嵌入的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏

针对传统差值直方图平移算法嵌入容量偏低、多重嵌入时图像质量严重下降等缺陷,提出一种基于互补嵌入的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。利用色彩分量之间的相关性和整数小波系数之间的关系减小差值,以增加差值直方图的峰值。采用双重直方图平移方法提高嵌入容量,两次嵌入过程的像素值扩展方向相反,部分像素值扩展量相互抵消,扩展量最大值为1。实...