防治白蚁药剂的发展概况

本文综述了防治白蚁药剂的现状及其进展，传统的预防和灭治白蚁的有机氯药剂由于对环境和人类健康构成的危害，正逐渐被新的药剂所取代，目前研究和开发的新药剂为有机磷，氨基甲酸酯，拟除虫菊酯，硅烷类，苯基吡唑类，昆虫生长调节剂，昆虫病原微生物和天然植物的提取物等。     

保证白蚁防治药剂有效性的方法

化学药剂防治在我国白蚁防治工程中仍然占主导地位,白蚁防治药剂的有效性是白蚁防治工程质量的根本保证。迄今为止,白蚁防治上主要都是利用现成的农药进行开发和应用。我们使用的白蚁防治药物主要剂型为乳油、悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、饵剂、粉剂。正确的保管、储存和使用各种不同剂型的药物对保持药剂的有效性起到致关重要的作用。     

中心对安徽省蚁防专业人员的培训进行了考核工作

全国白蚁防治中心对承接的《POPs类杀白蚁药剂在中国流通和使用情况调查》子项目十分重视，已完成了中期报告。     

大中型水库遭受蚁害认识误区及其防治策略

白蚁是一种对大中型水库破坏性极强的昆虫,其危害十分严重。本文从白蚁危害及其产生原因、白蚁防治存在的认识误区等方面进行了分析,提出了白蚁防治对策。     

白蚁防治的规范化管理探析

从二十世纪九十年代以来,白蚁防治行业的防治理论、技术、药剂以及器械等都在不断升级,但目前国内白蚁防治行业缺乏规范化管理体系,本文将从国内白蚁防治管理现状入手,从政府职能的设计和对白蚁管理体制改革方面提出一些建议和同行商榷。     

植物提取物防治白蚁的研究进展

白蚁是一种破坏性很强的社会性昆虫,全球超过2800多种,对植物和建筑物造成严重的危害。本文综述了目前植物提取物防治白蚁策略的最新研究进展,提出了植物提取物防治白蚁的发展前景。     

全国白蚁防治中心在驻地学校开展白蚁防治科普宣传活动

6月4日,全国白蚁防治中心（以下简称中心）在驻地附近的小学进行白蚁知识的科普宣传,让学生能了解白蚁及白蚁防治机构的日常工作。宣传活动现场,中心工作人员通过展出白蚁危害及防治知识图片、设置咨询台和校园绿化现场白蚁灭治等多种形式,让小学生们对白蚁防治有了一定了解。此外,工作人员还向学生讲解了基础的白蚁昆虫知识和城市白蚁防治服务等常识。     

武汉市白蚁防治管理办公室、武汉市白蚁防治研究所

武汉市白蚁防治研究所成立于1956年，1993年11月份经市编委批准．升格为县级事业单位，至今有五十年的历史．是中物协白蚁防治专委会副王任委员单位，湖北省昆虫学会副理事长单位．湖北省房协白蚁防治专委会秘书长单位，武汉市房协白蚁防治专委会王任委员单位。     

白蚁防治方法及存在问题和对策

作为世界上危害较大的昆虫,白蚁的防治一直是我国日常防治的重点和难点,由于白蚁的危害较大,一旦爆发会造成非常大的经济损失,因此白蚁的防治无疑是非常关键的,本文首先分析了传统白蚁在防治过程中存在的问题,随后针对这些问题提出了相应的解决对策,目的是提高我国白蚁在防治过程中质量,供相关管理人员参考。     

吉安市中心城区家白蚁危害现转为散白蚁、土栖白蚁危害

1月11日下午,淮南市白蚁防治所在单位会议室进行了白蚁防治业务测试。测试内容主要以中国物业管理协会白蚁防治专业委员会主编的《中国房屋白蚁综合治理培训教程》的内容,包括白蚁的生物学和生态学、白蚁防治技术与方法、白蚁防治药剂、安全与防护、白蚁防治饵剂系统的操作和使用等。     

区域白蚁防治的系列案例——夫子庙大成殿白蚁危害控制

本文介绍了南京夫子庙大成殿核心景区白蚁危害及防治历史,在详细勘查现场的基础上将该景区内的白蚁危害区域具体分割成明德堂厢房、民俗文化商铺两个集中点,采用Sentricon地上型饵剂系统并运用包围白蚁外露活动迹象的方法与直接插入白蚁危害严重区块相结合的方式,历时近三个月,成功控制高空木构件白蚁危害;在大成殿、明德堂等接地位置则灵活运用传统的化学防治技术简单、快捷地获得控制性效果。充分显示出在区域白蚁危害控制中,合理运用策略的实用价值。     

海上溢油的污染控制技术

针对海上溢油污染的现状及可能造成的危害,介绍了溢油污染控制的物理、化学、生物技术,建议加大溢油污染生物控制技术的研究力度,并努力探索物理、化学、生物方法的综合运用技术。     

The evaluation of surface and wastewater genotoxicity using the Allium cepa test

Screening for mutagens in complex environmental mixtures, such as surface water or industrial wastewater, is gradually being accepted as a routine method in environmental monitoring programs. In the present work, the simplified Alliumcepa root assay was utilized to evaluate the possible cyto- and genotoxic effects of surface and wastewaters collected near the Sava River (Croatia) over a three-month monitoring period. Physicochemical characterization of the water samples included measurements of conductivity, chemical and biological oxygen demand, levels of suspended matter and salts, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Morphological modifications of the A. cepa roots, inhibition of root growth, cell division and induction of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations were observed. The most highly polluted water samples (industrial effluents) caused an inhibition of root growth of over 50%, a decrease in the mitotic index of over 40%, and a considerable increase in chromosomal aberrations compared to the control. The measured biological effects of some water samples appeared related to the physicochemical characteristics. Therefore, mutagenicity/genotoxicity assays should be included, along with conventional chemical analysis, in water quality monitoring programs. Their use would allow the quantification of mutagenic hazards in surface and wastewaters.     

循环冷却水系统中生物粘泥的控制途径

工业循环水系统中易产生生物粘泥,导致系统运行效果不佳,因此对生物粘泥给予足够的重视和合理的治理有助于降低运行成本,提高设备性能.介绍了循环冷却水系统中生物粘泥的控制方法和发展趋势,重点介绍了生物粘泥的物理、生物、化学控制途径,其中物理和生物控制途径对环境的不良影响小,更具发展潜力,广谱、高效、易降解的化学控菌剂也有较好的应用前景.     

草坪杂草的综合治理

本文阐述了草坪杂草综合治理的概念,措施,意义以及目前存在的问题。运用生态系统的观点是草坪杂草综合治理的核心。种植或引进适宜于本地气候生长的优良草坪品种（包括当地种和外来种）,以及研究草坪杂草的群落结构和主要杂草的发生规律,创造一个有利于草坪品种生长发育,提高草坪品种的抗逆性,而不利于杂草生长发育的环境是草坪杂草综合治理的基础;生物防除有待于开发和研究;加强植物检疫是防止危险性杂草传播的有效手段;化     

Ecological equilibrium on biological activated carbon

This paper examines the potential of a biological activity control system (BACS) for biological activated carbon (BAC) in comparison to granular activated carbon (GAC) for the treatment of potable water. The overall objective of the project is to produce drinking water of a higher quality more economically by developing a BACS for exhausted GAC that can be transformed to BAC by the development of a natural biofilm during the bio-regeneration mode. The research therefore may be interesting for water companies and the activated carbon industry. Findings show that the lifetime of a GAC filter can be significantly extended by maintaining an active biofilm that has to be controlled in order to avoid filter clogging. The most important parameters are dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and a correct balance of nutrients, which enables a natural control of the biomass. pH control was required to maintain an optimal bacteria-protozoa level. Excessive growth of filamentous bacteria can be prevented by a decrease in DO, increase in pH and the reduction of one essential nutrient, e.g. total phosphorus (P). Total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were reduced by bioactivity. DO, turbidity and suspended solids (SS) values were kept in acceptable ranges with respect to drinking water objectives. Plants without a significant population of protozoa deliver turbid low quality effluent high on SS and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). It was possible to control the biofilm on GAC containing a natural biofilm and BAC during the bio-regeneration mode. Natural and artificial bio-regeneration lead to similar performance characteristics.     

中国等翅目昆虫名录

本文回顾了自1935年Wu,C－F（胡经甫）在其《中国昆虫目录（CatalogusInsect－orumSinensium）》中列出我国第一个等翅目（Isoptera）昆虫名录以来,随着我国等翅目昆虫资源调查和分类研究的不断发展,许多学者发表了不少新种,作者在本文汇集中列出了一个新的中国等翅目昆虫名录,所引资料的时限是1992年底。同时,还附有各种的国内、外分布和寄主（危害）等资料。     

An extension of ASM2d including pH calculation

This paper presents an extension of the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) including a chemical model able to calculate the pH value in biological processes. The developed chemical model incorporates the complete set of chemical species affecting the pH value to ASM2d describing non-equilibrium biochemical processes. It considers the system formed by one aqueous phase, in which biochemical processes take place, and one gaseous phase, and is based on the assumptions of instantaneous chemical equilibrium under liquid phase and kinetically governed mass transport between the liquid and gas phase. The ASM2d enlargement comprises the addition of every component affecting the pH value and an ion-balance for the calculation of the pH value and the dissociation species. The significant pH variations observed in a sequencing batch reactor operated for enhanced biological phosphorus removal were used to verify the capability of the extended model for predicting the dynamics of pH jointly with concentrations of acetic acid and phosphate. A pH inhibition function for polyphosphate accumulating bacteria has also been included in the model to simulate the behaviour observed. Experimental data obtained in four different experiments (with different sludge retention time and influent phosphorus concentrations) were accurately reproduced.     

Linking human behaviour to environmental effects using a case study of urban rodent control

Pest control is common in many land use activities and can affect non‐target species. Our objectives were to evaluate, among chemical rodent control product (rodenticide) users, awareness of non‐target effects on wildlife and willingness to change rodent control behaviour given knowledge of possible local non‐target effects. Approximately half of respondents to a resident survey in California (USA) practised rodent control; of these, approximately 45% were chemical rodenticide users. Few (10%) were aware of possible non‐target effects. Then, we asked subjects about their potential to pursue each of four rodent control behaviours: continue current use, change product use, reduce use, or stop use. Most respondents indicated that they were most likely to change their rodent control behaviour given the knowledge that rodenticides were possibly affecting non‐target wildlife. Among the four behaviours, the greatest frequency of respondents indicated a potential change of product(s) used. Concern about rodenticides affecting wildlife was the most consistent predictor of potential to change or not change behaviour. Our results highlight importance of awareness about environmental effects of personal actions, and promotion of stewardship may be most effective if efforts focus on development of long‐term personal value in the environment.