ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF Ti ALLOYS Ⅲ. The Criterion for Thermal Stability and Its Application

Ti_3X相是影响钛合金热稳定性的重要因素。Ti_3X相沉淀和生长的倾向可用电子浓度值来描述。同时,合金脆化过程与暴露温度和时间因素有关。因此,可综合电子浓度,使用温度和时间因素加以考虑,确定一个允许的电子浓度值_p作为一个合金的热稳定性判据。热稳定性判别式可表示为∑N_if_i~a≤_p。 判据具有明确的物理意义,它可以用作合金生产的质量控制标准和新的合金设计依据。 若以合金元素对电子浓度的贡献来确定各合金元素的Al当量因子,则Rosenberg的经验Al当量公式应修改为1(％Al)+0.46(％Sn)+0.42(％Ga)+6.7(％O)≤8(wt-％)。     

EFFECT OF Cr ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ti_3Al＋TiAl ALLOYS

研究了Ｔｉ－４４．９Ａｌ（ａｔ．－％）和Ｔｉ－４４．３Ａｌ－３Ｃｒ（ａｔ．－％）合金的铸态组织及其在热处理过程中的变化。结果表明：Ｃｒ增加了Ｔｉ－Ａｌ合金中ＴｉＡｌ（γ）相的含量,促使Ｔｉ３Ａｌ（α２）相由片状变成块状;加速了α２＋γ片状组织的不连续粗化过程,形成了尺寸较小的新生α２＋γ晶。因此,加Ｃｒ和１１５０℃长时热处理是细化α２＋γ两相合金铸态粗晶组织的有效途径;Ｃｒ促进有序体心立方β２相的     

THERMAL STABILITY OF THE MECHANICALLY ALLOYED Al－10Ti NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOY DURING CONSOLIDATION PROCESS

ＴＨＥＲＭＡＬＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＴＨＥＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＬＹＡＬＬＯＹＥＤＡｌ－１０ＴｉＮＡＮＯＣＲＹＳＴＡＬＬＩＮＥＡＬＬＯＹＤＵＲＩＮＧＣＯＮＳＯＬＩＤＡＴＩＯＮＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＬｉａｎｇＧｕｏｘｉａｎ；ＬｉＺｈｉｃｈａｏ；ＷａｎｇＥｒｄｅ（...     

INFLUENCES OF ASSOCIATED AND SEPARATE PRECIPITATION OFγ′WITH γ\" ON THERMAL STRUCTURE STABILITY IN INCONEL718 TYPE ALLOYS

用透射电镜观察了Inconel718及其改型合金中的时效析出组织调整Nb,Ti,Al的含量及比例,可以得到与通常合金中γ′和γ″单独析出有所不同的γ′和γ″的复合组织及包覆组织两类析出形态、其中γ″在γ′上析出的包覆组织具有较好的高温长期时效组织稳定性过时效试验结果表明.改型合金不同于Inconel718合金γ″致δ的相转变,却以强化相溶解而使材料软化     

INVESTIGATION OF RAPID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF AL-BASED IMMISCIBLE ALLOYS Ⅱ. EFFECT OF THE THIRD ELEMENT

对Al-Bi基难混溶合金添加第三组元Si和Cu,揭示了Si和Cu含量对Al-Bi合金快速定向凝固组织的影响.结果表明,添加Si或Cu均使凝固组织中的富Bi粒子尺寸增大;在相同的实验条件下,元素Si比Cu更易使富Bi相粗化.分析了第三组元对二元合金体系的自由能、两液相间界面能和液相粘度的改变及其对合金凝固过程的影响,加深了对三元难混溶合金凝固特征的认识.     

INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS（Nb，Mo，V） ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ti_3Al BASE ALLOYS

ＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＦＡＬＬＯＹＩＮＧＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＳ（Ｎｂ,Ｍｏ,Ｖ）ＯＮＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＯＦＴｉ_３ＡｌＢＡＳＥＡＬＬＯＹＳ￥ＳＯＮＧＤａｎ;ＤＩＮＧＪｉｎｊｕｎ;ＷＡＮＧＹａｎｄｏｎｇ（ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄＴｅｓｔｉｎｇＣｅｎｔｅ?..     

THE BEHAVIOUR OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS IN MARINE LOW-ALLOY STEELS Ⅱ. THE INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON THE LOCALISED CORROSION PROPERTY OF LOW-ALLOY STEELS IN ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER

利用“闭塞”阳极装置研究了六种合金元素和两种微量添加的强化元素对于低合金钢在海水中的局部腐蚀性能的影响。从六个2~3、1个3×2~2和一个2~2的析因组的实验结果可以看到,就合金元素对于低台金钢的局部腐蚀性能的影响而言,元素之间存在着复杂的交互效应。依据各个元素的主效应同它与其他合金元素的交互效应所起作用大小,我们所研究过的6个常用合金元素可以分为两类。第一类元素包括硅和铝,它们的特点是具有很强的有利的主效应。其他合金元素的存在与含量,只能影响它们有利效应的大小,但不能改变它们作用的有利性质。相反,它们的含量却往往对于其他合金元素的作用之是否有利,有重要的影响。这一类中硅是尤其值得注意的元素。另一类元素的特点是:它们添加到钢中之是否有利,须视同其他合金元素的配合情况而定,Cr,Mo,Cu和Ni具有这种特点。铬在低硅时是有利的,在高硅时则一般说来没有好的影响。钼能促进硅或铬的有利效应,但其本身的主效应则是不利的。铜在低硅条件下不利而在高硅条件下有利。镍本身的主效应比较弱,但Ni与Cu,Mo及〈Cr-Al〉都是有利的配合。在两种微量添加的强化元素Nb和V中,钒的效应比铌的效应好。     

STRESS EFFECT ON DOMAIN STRUCTURE OF GRAIN ORIENTED 3%Si-Fe Ⅱ. Compression Effect on Domain Structures

本文用粉纹法仔细研究了晶粒取向3％Si-Fe中,几种典型畴结构随所施压应力的变化。指出沿轧向施加的压应力使主畴处于能量极为不利的地位,遂引起畴结构根本性的改变,即横向畴核(沿与施力方向垂直的易轴磁化)长大,变为主要的畴结构。本文对压应力感生的两类横向畴(横向条状畴及“人字形”畴)的成因进行了探讨,并提出相应畴结构的模型。     

Reactions between Ti and Ti_3SiC_2 in temperature range of 1 273-1573K

1Introduction Recently,the layered ternary carbide Ti3SiC2has attracted attention due to its unique properties such as high toughness,high fatigue-crack growth threshold and elastic modulus,plasticity at high temperature,excellent electrical and thermal c…     

Formation of a wear-induced layer with nanocrystalline structure in Al–Al3Ti functionally graded material

A new severe plastic deformation (SPD) process to obtain nanocrystalline (NC) structure by wear is reported. An Al–Al₃Ti functionally graded material fabricated by a centrifugal method is wear tested to investigate the microstructure of the wear-induced layer. When the sliding distance of the wear exceeds l = 100 m, the wear-induced layer is obtained just below the worn surface. The microstructure of the wear-induced layer consists of fine Al₃Ti fibrous particles and an NC solid-solution matrix containing a partly amorphized phase. The NC matrix has fine grains with a mean diameter of 16 nm and is a supersaturated solid-solution in which Ti is dissolved in the Al matrix. From the microstructure, it is estimated that the wear-induced layer is formed at a nominal shear strain of more than 90 and an effective shear strain of more than 52. An NC structured wear-induced layer is generated by the SPD process.     

THE MODIFICATION OF Si PHASE IN A1-Si EUTECTIC ALLOYS(Ⅱ)——Relationship between Unequilibrium Degree of Si Phase and its Appearance

用金相方法以及合金全腐蚀分离出Si相,分级沉降,然后进行扫描电镜观察的方法,对Al-Si合金未变质,Na,Sr,La变质的Si相进行了观察。发现La变质Si枝条最短,有时呈根瘤状,Na变质Si最长,Sr次之,此现象与变质剂的价电荷有关。在对上述退火试样观察中发现共晶Si相普遍溶解,再结晶产生新的Si晶。其中以La变质Si的再结晶速度最快,依次为Sr变质,Na变质,未变质的Si晶。对过共晶Al-Si合金考查结果表明,初晶Si并无溶解再结晶现象。再结晶速度与Si晶的平衡状态有关。据此提出“不平衡度”概念作为衡量变质结构的准则。     

STUDIES ON MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF RARE EARTH EXTRACTIONⅡ. Steady State Feature of Fractional Extraction and Selection of Optimization Process

在已建立的TbCl_3-DyCl_3-HCl-H_2O-1mol P204煤油体系萃取平衡多项式模型的基础上,研究了分馏萃取静态特性的数学模拟。借助于建立的目标函数,用此法选择了分离Tb的最优工艺,并进行了试验验证。数学模拟与试验模拟结果相比较,相对误差是:Tb,Dy纯度<1.6％,收率<4.5％。     

The formation mechanism of the O phase in a Ti3Al–Nb alloy

It is reported that there are several different transformation mechanisms of the O phase in different heat treatment conditions in the Ti₃Al based alloys. However, very little work has been carried out on the α₂→O phase transformation in the Ti₃Al–Nb alloys of Nb amounts exceeding 12 at%. In this paper, the formation mechanism of the O phase in the Ti–24Al–14Nb–3V–0.5Mo (at%) alloy has been carried out by means of TEM and HRTEM. The results show that the O phase is directly derived from the primary equiaxed α₂ grains with a fine streak contrast, and exists in multivariant forms owing to its different orientations after the alloy is solution treated at 1000°C for 1 h followed by water quenching (WQ) and aged at 650°C for 24 h. The O plates in the primary equiaxed α₂ grains exist not only in the form of a single variant, but also in the form of fine α₂+O mixtures. The analysis indicates that the formation of the O phase is the result of a phase decomposition, that is the introduction of niobium as the preferred β stabilizer makes the supersaturation of niobium in the primary α₂ grains, and the α₂ phase containing Niobium separates into Niobium lean and Niobium rich regions through the Niobium diffusion: α₂→α₂(Nb-lean)+O(Nb-rich). Niobium rich regions transform to the ordered orthorhombic phase (O phase) with a lattice distortion and only a very small composition change. It appears, therefore, that the transformation involves nucleation, growth and coarsening of the O phase by a diffusion mechanism.     

PARTICLE STIMULATED NUCLEATION AND THE FORMATION OF RSCRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURE IN Al-Mn ALLOY CONTAINING PARTICLES Ⅱ. Interaction Between Particles and Other Nucleation Sites and the Formation of Recrystallization Texture

本文报了Ａｌ－Ｍｎ合金形昧形变取向基体中粒子周围亚晶转动规律及对应的粒子促进形核晶粒的取向特征的基础上,进一步测定了处在晶界,立方带上的了周转新晶粒的取向分布。     

ON THE VOID GROWTH OF C-Mn STRUCTURAL STEEL DURING PLASTIC DEFORMATION——Ductile Fracture Mechanisms in a Structural Steel (Ⅱ)

在试验分析的基础上,本研究提出了一种程序,以建立C-Mn结构钢在韧性断裂过程中的空穴增长与塑性应变及三轴应力状态之间的关系,并确定了空穴增长系数。由光滑拉伸试样和预制裂纹侧槽三点弯曲试样试验所确定的空穴增长系数,可能适宜较宽的试样拘束变化范围。空穴增长的实验关系式表明,当三轴应力状态(σm/(?))约大于1.2时,在该结构钢中的实际空穴增长速率低于由Rice-Tracey理论所确定的空穴增长速率,然而当三轴应力状态(σm/(?))约小于1.2时,由Rice-Tracey理论所确定的空穴增长表现为对实际材料中的空穴增长估计略为不足。另外,根据实验空穴增长研究,对预制裂纹侧槽三点弯曲试样在韧性起裂时钝化裂纹前端的塑性应变、相对空穴体积和应力状态三轴性的变化进行了测量和估计。     

INFLUENCE OF QUENCHING TEMPERATURE ON STRESS CORROSION IN 4330M STEEL——The Role of Impurity Segregation in Stress Corrosion Cracking of High Strength Steel

本文研究了淬火温度对4330M钢在蒸馏水中的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率的影响。实验表明,淬火温度从870℃上升到1100℃时,裂纹扩展速率da/dt显著下降(相差一个数量级);从1100℃上升到1200℃时,裂纹扩展速率da/dt却稍提高,在1100℃处,da/dt有一最小值。断口分析表明,随淬火温度升高,应力腐蚀的断裂方式有所改变,870,1000℃淬火的试样系沿晶断裂,而1100,1200℃淬火试样则是穿晶准解理断裂。 用饱和苦味酸溶液腐蚀显示奥氏体晶界,通过奥氏体晶界腐蚀沟槽深度估算出杂质磷在奥氏体晶界的平衡偏聚浓度,它和淬火加热温度之间的关系符合Mclean的平衡偏聚理论。磷在奥氏体晶界的偏聚是造成应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率da/dt变化的主要原因。 采用杂质原子偏聚和氢对脆性断裂影响的理论,对各种实验现象加以解释,并认为杂质原子在晶界偏聚和氢共同作用的氢脆断口是沿晶断裂型,而单纯氢起作用的氢脆断口是穿晶准解理断裂型。     

STUDY ON MULTIPLE-LAYER STRUCTURE OF PASSIVE FILM ON STAINLESS STEELS BY POTENTIOSTATIC-GALVANOSTATIC (P-G)TRANSIENT TECHNIQUE Ⅱ. Structure and Growth of Passive Film for 2205 and 316L Stainless Steels in 2.5 mol / L H_2SO_4

采用恒电位－恒电流（Ｐ－Ｇ）瞬态响应技术研究了２２０５和３１６Ｌ不锈钢在２．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４溶液中钝化膜的结构．研究结果证实这两种体系的钝化膜均具有多层结构．利用由Ｐ－Ｇ响应曲线计算得到的各特征参数随极化电位和极化时间的变化关系,有效地分析了两种体系钝化膜的稳定性及生长规律．     

APPLICATION OF d-ELECTRON ALLOY DESIGN THEORY TO DEVELOPMENT OF HOT CORROSION RESISTANT Ni-BASE SINGLE CRYSTAL SUPERALLOYS——Ⅱ. Effects of Refractory Metals Ti, Ta and Nb on Microstructure and Properties

本文系统地研究了Ti,Ta和Nb三个γ′形成元素在抗热腐蚀合金系统Ni-16Cr—9Al-4Co—2W—1Mo—Ti-Ta—Nb(at-％)中的作用该合金系统是根据d-电子合金设计理论和镍基高温合金合金化的特点选出的根据DTA和图象仪分析结果确定了凝固反应温度以及共晶(γ+γ′)体积分数在Ti-Ta—Nb浓度三角形中的等值线分布,与参考合金IN738LC相比较,在所研究的大部分成分范围内,设计合金表现出很低的共晶(γ+γ′)析出(<0.4v-％),较低的凝固范围(<65℃)和较宽的热处理温度范围(>100℃),说明合金具有良好的组织稳定性,单晶铸造性能和热处理工艺性能.经长期时效(900℃/500h)后,无TCP相析出,在很宽的成分范围内,试验合金表现出良好的抗热腐蚀性能(900℃/24h坩埚试验,失重<20mg/cm~2)综合各项结果,给出了可供选择合金成分进行最后单晶生长及力学性能评价的具有较好综合性能的成分范围     

Effect of Aging Treatment on the Formation of α Precipitates in β-Type Ti–6Mo–6V–5Cr–3Sn–2.5Zr Alloys

The microstructural evolution of a novel β-type Ti–6Mo–6V–5Cr–3Sn–2.5Zr (wt%) alloy subjected to different aging treatments was investigated. The normalized intensity of the α precipitates reached a peak value at 450 °C. A nanoscale orthorhombic phase was observed to coexist with α precipitates in the β matrix, which followed the Burgers orientation relation of 〈\(1120\)〉_α//〈111〉_β and {0001}_α//{110}_β. Fine α precipitates were formed with metastable O and β′ phases, and the β phase was spinodally decomposed to β and β′ phases. The maximum hardness value of the specimen was obtained after aging at 450 °C. Compositional partitioning of Mo, V, and Cr elements occurred with the depletion of fine acicular α precipitates upon aging 450 °C.     

THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND MECHANICAL VARIABLES ON CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION RATE IN A HIGH STRENGTH STEEL——Quantitative Understanding of the Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Rate in a High Strength Steel

本文对4330M钢在蒸馏水中的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了定量研究。测出4330M钢在蒸馏水中的(da/dt)-K曲线,并在R=0.2,0.6,0.7,0.8四种情况下测出4330M钢在氩气中和在蒸馏水中的(da/dN)-△K曲线。研究了应力比R对腐蚀疲劳的影响。 在上述实验基础上,拟制了一个BASIC计算程序,根据应力腐蚀和氩气气氛下疲劳的实验数据,用电子计算机对叠加模型和竞争模型分别算出以每周表示的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)_(SCC)。比较了两种模型的相互关系。计算结果表明4330M钢在蒸馏水中的腐蚀疲劳实验数据和Austen提出的竞争模型相符合。本文对竞争模型进行修正,提出要加上考虑交互作用的修正项。使用经修正后的竞争模型,就能解释腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率定量研究方面存在的一些问题。 试验结果表明,4330M钢适用于研究腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的机制问题。