液体非电解质水溶液粘度的关联

在Teju-Rice液体混合物模型的基础上,对常用的液体混合物粘度关联式进行了分析和比较,导出了适用于二元和多元水溶液的粘度模型。用该模型计算了6个体系388个不同温度和组成的三元水溶液的粘度,计算值对文献实验数据的总平均相对偏差分别为6.09%和5.54%,计算值准确性优于Teju-Rice模型。     

液体非电解质水溶液粘度的预测

在Teju-Rice液体混合物粘度模型的基础上,对常用的液体混合物粘度关联式进行了分析和比较;导出了适用于二元和多元非电解质水溶液的粘度模型;结合实际数据导出的水溶液二元作用参数的估算式可进行水溶液粘度的预测。用该模型计算了7个体系398个不同温度和组成的二元水溶液和4个体系189个不同温度和组成的三元水溶液的粘度,结果表明,计算值对实验数据的总平均相对偏差分别为6.848%和5.043%,本文水溶液粘度估算式的计算准确性优于Teju-Rice法。     

非电解质水溶液的密度计算

根据对非电解质水溶液密度实验数据的分析,考虑组分的临界参数和溶液中氢键的影响,导出了二元和多元非电解质水溶液密度的关联式。利用本文关联式计算了7个二元水溶液体系440个数据点的密度,总平均相对误差0．515％;计算了5个三元水溶液体系194个数据点的密度,总平均相对误差为0．405％。计算准确性优于Campbell等人的关联式。使用本模型可由手册查到的纯物质的临界参数和密度等数据,预测非电解质水溶液的密度。     

非电解质水溶液黏度的关联

许多化工过程的设计需要估算含水体系的黏度,但目前的黏度关联方法用于含水体系时误差较大.今以作者所在课题组近期提出的非水液体混合物黏度关联方程为基础,通过引入形状因子,得出了一个非电解质水溶液的黏度方程.该方程可用于二元非电解质水溶液黏度的关联,且能利用二元黏度得到的关联参数推算三元非电解质水溶液的黏度.该方程对54个二元非电解质水溶液体系黏度(总计2876个黏度数据点)关联的总平均相对偏差为4.60%;对7个三元非电解质水溶液体系黏度(总计352个黏度数据点)推算的总平均相对偏差为3.75%.结果表明,该方程具有较高的关联精度和推算精度.     

预测非电解质溶液粘度的新方法

依据 Eyring的反应速度理论 ,引用局部表面积分数 ,得到了预测非电解质溶液粘度的三参数方程 ,提出了参数与温度的关系式。经对 1 7个二元体系和两个三元体系 ,共 1 1 2 9个数据的检验 ,与文献值相比总的平均误差仅为 1 .2 8%。     

预测非电解质溶液粘度的新方法

依据Eyring的反应速度理论,引用局部表面积分数,得到了预测非电解质溶液粘度的三参数方程,提出了参数与温度的关系式。经过17个二元体系和两个三元体系,共1129个数据的检验,与文献值相比总的平均误差仅为1.28%。     

有机物水溶液粘度的关联和预测

在Eyring的液体粘性流动模型的基础上,根据Sandler的水溶液过量自由焓溶质聚集模型,导出有机物水溶液的粘度模型。利用该模型方程参数与温度的关系,可预测低压下各种温度和不同组成的有机物水溶液的粘度。用该模型计算了7个体系442个不同温度和组成的二元水溶液和3个体系164个不同温度和组成的三元水溶液的粘度,计算值与实验值的总平均相对偏差分别为1.554%和2.588%,计算值与实验数据吻合很好。     

强电解质混合物水溶液粘度的计算

本文介绍一种用离子贡献法计算强电解质水溶液粘度的通用模型。此模型不仅可以计算单一强电解质水溶液在各种温度和浓度下的粘度、而且还可以计算多种强电解质混合物在各种温度和浓度下的粘度。经过实践证明、精确度能满足工程设计的要求。     

表面活性剂胶团水溶液性质的黏度研究方法

综合归纳散见于众多文献中的关于表面活性剂溶液性质与分子聚集体结构的实验研究方法，并将分篇发表。在此篇中介绍了表面活性剂胶团水溶液性质的黏度研究方法，涉及特性黏度[η]、Huggins常数KH、Kramer常数Kk、胶团表面水化度W、胶团引流体力学半径Rx以及胶团球形形状和尺寸分散性的判定等。     

标准氢的黏度方程

在广泛搜集标准氢（25%仲氢）黏度实验数据的基础上,运用单纯形算法拟合了标准氢的黏度计算方程,方程计算值与实验数据的偏差一般在2.0%以内。方程的适用范围为温度100～500 K,压力不超过200 MPa的区域。方程的不确定度为2.0%。方程具有一定的外推性,可以用于标准氢三相点温度到100 K以及500～1000 K,压力不超过500 MPa的区域;100 K以下,除临界区和气相区,方程的不确定度为3.0%,500 K相似文献   

The structural organization in aqueous solutions of ionic liquids

The ¹H NMR combined with the local composition (LC) model has been employed to investigate the structural organization of two aqueous solutions of ionic liquids (ILs), namely 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EmimBF₄) and n‐butylammonium nitrate (N4NO₃). The correlation of chemical shifts using the LC model shows that the self‐association of IL plays the leading role, and water prefers to interact with IL rather than self‐association in IL‐rich region. Instead the network of water molecules is established in water‐rich region, because the self‐association of water predominates. Furthermore, the difference between the local and the bulk composition presents the turnover at x_(IL) (mole fraction of IL) close to 0.6 for EmimBF₄/water, which is in accordance with the change of excess function. Accordingly, it could be presumed that the excess properties for N4NO₃/water system should behave turnover at x_(IL) ≈ 0.55 since the local and the bulk exhibit maximal difference at this composition. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Viscosity transitions in aqueous suspensions of hydrogel microspheres

Large transitions in viscosity are demonstrated for suspensions of environmentally sensitive gel microspheres upon application of external stimuli. Depending on the number concentration of microspheres, these suspensions may thicken to become semisolid, essentially undergoing a sol-gel transition. These reversible viscosity transitions are directly related to the volume transitions observed previously in the literature for individual environmentally sensitive gels. Temperature-sensitive poly-N-isopropyl-acrylamide microspheres were synthesized, and the effects of microsphere concentration on the temperature-induced viscosity transitions were measured. The viscosity of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide microsphere suspensions could also be increased by addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Non-temperature-sensitive, commercially available poly-acrylamide microspheres were used to demonstrate viscosity transitions as a function of solvent composition in acetone/water mixtures. Potential applications for these systems were suggested. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1369–1372, 1997     

Viscosity correlation for aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is characterized by its K‐value, which is a function of the average molecular weight, the degree of polymerization, and the intrinsic viscosity. The viscosity was measured for aqueous PVP solutions with K‐values ranging from 92.1 to 95.4 and with concentrations from 2 to 3 weight percent. A correlation was determined that relates solution viscosity to the K value and weight percent PVP, which is particularly useful in its use as a photoresist in the manufacture of high resolution display screens. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1153–1155, 2003     

醋酸乙醇胺离子液体的合成及其溶液体系粘度和电导率的测定与关联

采用酸碱中和法合成了醋酸乙醇胺离子液体(EOAA),在298.15 K时,测定了全浓度范围内EOAA/水、EOAA/DMSO以及EOAA/正丁醇3种二元溶液的粘度和电导率。结果表明,3种溶剂都能明显地降低离子液体的粘度,并且粘度偏差Δη均为负值。随着离子液体物质的量分数增加,溶液电导率的变化呈现先增加后减小的趋势。同时,对比了3种溶剂的异同。结果显示,介电常数较大的溶剂对离子液体的粘度及电导率的影响更加显著。此外,分别采用RedlichKister和Castell-Amis方程对溶液的粘度偏差及电导率进行了拟合关联。