China's Refractories Production and International Trade

The output of China’s refractory materials was only 70 thousand tons in 1949, and reached 28 million tons in 2010, which accounted for over 60% of the world total. China exported about 5.93 million tons refractory raw materials and products to more than 100 countries and regions in 2010. China is not only a big country in terms of refractories production and export, but also a big country in terms of refractories talent and skilled personnel. China has contributed a lot to the world iron and steel, nonferro...     

Export and Import Situation of Refractories in China

China has been the biggest country in production and exporting of refractories. The article describes the problems in the export and import and suggestions on development of refractories. In the future, China will expand its cooperation with world refractories community in science, technology, economy and trade to play a more important role in the international and domestic markets.     

我国耐火制品与原料进出口状况

我国已成为耐火制品与原料的生产和出口大国,为国家获取了较多外汇,但锆矿、铬矿与少量高级耐火材料仍需要进口。本文指出了进出口方面存在的问题并提出了发展建议。在参加世贸组织前后,应与世界各国扩大科技经贸合作,使我国耐火制品与原料在国际市场上发挥更大作用。     

Scenario of Refractories Industry—World and China

The paper reviews the present situation of refractories industry on a worldwide basis,in terms of production volume,consumption in steel industry,marketing,trading and structural change,based on the information from the presentations at the World Refractories Congress Singapore‘2002 together with some newly revealed data on China‘s refractories industry.Authors‘ comments and suggestions on future development have been also provided in the paper.     

Highlights of Recent Advances in Refractories for Iron and Steel Industry in China

Recently procured outstanding achievements in iron and steel industry in China are presented by data or facts in steel output, energy consumption, technical and economical indicators and advanced technologies that are being adopted. The latest achievements in refractonries for this biggest user industry are reviewed, covering new refractories for CDQ coke oven, BF hearth, AOD Lining, long life tundish, SEN for clean steel making and regenerative reheating furnace. The reciprocal relationship is obvious that the rapid development of iron and steel industry has given an impetus to the advance of refractories industry, which in return has contributed greatly to the former.     

Development Tendency of the Refractories for Iron ＆ Steel Industry in China

This paper introduces the developing tendency of refractories for iron and steel industry combined with the new metallurgical techniques applied in iron and steel industry in China. Refractories for blast furnace long service life, smelting reduction iron-making process, secondary refining metallurgies and clean steel making, near net shape continuous casting are described respectively. To meet the requirement of iron and steel industry, the high quality, multi-functions and environment-friendly refractories with long service llfe will be focused and developed in the future. In addition, high grade refractories in China have great developing space and potential market.     

Development of Refractories for Continuous Casting

The paper introduces refractories for continuous casting,especially,refractories for continuous casting for clean steel in baosteel.Developing direction of refractoies for continuous casting has been pointed out to satisfy the new metallurgical operating practice.     

Some Aspects in the Development of High Performance Refractories for Iron and Steel Making in China

In the past 25 years in China, to meet with the rapid increase in steel production accompanied by adoption of advanced metallurgical technologies, there has been fast development of China＇ s refractories industry in production capacity, in quality improvement and in development of new products. Sophisticated high performance refractory materials mainly based on our rich reserves of magncsite, bauxite and flake graphite have been developed, such as carbon-bonded products, high purity oxide products, bauxite-based low creep and high strength high alumina bricks and LC, ULC and ZC castables. They have been used in blast furnaces, BOFs, EAFs, secondary refining and continuous casting with considerable improvement in service pecformance.     

Review of the United States Refractories Industry

Factors affecting the U.S.refractories industry,such as decreasing demand,mergers ,and decreased education are discussed,along with manufacturing statistics(i.e.,annual value and product trends),indicating that the U.S.market has declined for five straight years,.Research activities have changed,with more emphasis on practical,applied projects,which have continued to produce important advances,Many challenges and opportunities remain,based on the current and future business requirements.     

Clean Production of Steel and Refractories in China''''s Steel Industry

The paper describes the importance of clean produc-tion of steel and the relationships amongst sustaining devel-opment of steel industry, environment protection and therole of refractories in the clean production of steel. Themain achievements and main shortcomings in the cleanproduction of China's steel industry have been reviewed to-     

2001年联合国际耐火材料会议论文摘评Ⅰ:钢铁工业用耐火材料

每两年一度的联合国际耐火材料会议是目前世界上规模最大、影响面最广的国际耐火材料界的学术活动 ,足以反映世界范围耐火材料生产、应用和研发的新动态。本文对 2 0 0 1年 11月在墨西哥举行的第七届该会收入的 15 8篇论文选择性地作了述评。所选内容是作者按自己的见解 ,认为技术上有新颖性、对我国耐火材料技术的发展启发和借鉴意义大者。本期发表的是第一部分 ,是关于钢铁工业用耐火材料方面的 ,主要涉及低蠕变高铝砖、镁碳砖、直接还原铁回转窑衬砖、炉外精炼用无铬耐火制品的组成和性能、钢包衬和高炉出铁沟用浇注料等     

Present Situation and Thoughts of Education and Training in China's Refractories Industry

In recent years,China has fully developed in output,quality,and technical advancement of refractories, and become the biggest country in refractories production and consumption in the world. Meanwhile,education and training in China's refractories industry have developed rapidly. This paper introduces the present situations of undergraduate education,postgraduate education, academic education,and vocational and other training of China's refractories industry,including the student recruiting situation, subject arrangement, teachers force,and R D equipment level,and also puts forward some suggestions for China's refractories education and training.     

Major Trends in Refractories Industry at the Beginning of the 21st Century

An analysis of the present and of the future of the refractories industry is being presented,considering some improtant techincal,economical,human and environmental issues,on a worldwide basis,Refractories still needed as confinement materials to prevent heat and mass transfer losses in many diverse manufacturing industries,and will remain so ,but the main challenges,this industry do need to neet,are to adjust to and overcapacity production ,to cope with new needs of the customers,in particular the “outsourcing“,which is a new custome/supplier rela-tionship being adopted by many of them,and more compet-itive arena.Among the direct consequences,are the need to keep the education world in refractory engineering training aliver and to cope with macro and micro projects to change the image of the Refractories,from a commodity material to a sophisticated “high-tech“ compostie material.Some suggestions are provided in the text.     

1999年我国油品和石化产品进出口情况

根据海关公布的数据整理报道 1 999年我国油品和各种石化产品的产量、进出口量和价格。     

A Glimpse of Iron and Steel Industry of China in Recent Years

The paper briefs the recent development of China＇ s Iron ＆ Steel Industry from the view of a refractorie., worker. Some data and statistics have been revealed in the paper including total output of steel, geological distribution of key steel enterprises, productivity, facilities, technical and economical indices as well as technical advance achieved in. the last ten years. Structural adjustment and consolidation occurred in China＇s Iron ＆ Steel industy has also been described. The views on how much steel is demanded in China in the near future advanced by a steel expert has been accepted as the conclusion of the paper.     

中国硅砖的生产与出口情况

近几年中国硅砖的内在质量和外观质量都有了显著提高 ,已达到或接近世界先进水平。中国硅砖年产量超过30万t,占世界产量的 70 %以上 ,并大量出口到日本、美国、加拿大等国家与地区 ;中国硅砖生产厂家与国外厂家的技术、贸易合作发展良好。加入WTO后 ,应进一步扩大与世界各国的科技合作和经贸合作 ,进一步提高和稳定我国硅砖产品的质量。     

Oxidation Mechanisms in MgO-C Refractories

An investigation on the oxidation mechanism of the graphite in the MgO-C refractory materials is helpful to improving both the quality of these materials and to preventing and/or lowering of the adverse effects of the high - temperature oxidation. In this research, the oxidation behavior of the MgO-C refractories containing 5～20wt% graphite was studied via weight-loss method. Atmospheric air was used for oxidation at temperatures ranging from 900℃ to 1300℃ and the experimental data were compared with those obtained from the dimensionless kinetic equations of the shrinking core model, in order to determine the oxidation mechanisms of the refractories. The best fit wasachieved with the porous layer diff~ion control regime. Oxidation mechanism tends, however, to slightly deviate from pure pore diffusion control to pore diffusion - external gas transfer regime in the samples having more graphitecontents ( e. g. 20% ).     

出口退税政策调整对中国石油石化业的影响分析

概述了出口退税政策调整的内容和特点,重点分析了出口退税政策调整对中国石油石化业的负面影响,并指出就长期而言降低出口退税对中国石油石化业亦有若干积极作用。