水热法合成单分散锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷粉体

以硝酸铅、氧氯化锆、钛酸四丁酯、氢氧化钾和氨水为原料,以乙醇和水的混合液为溶剂,采用水热法合成Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT)压电陶瓷粉体。通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜对合成粉体进行表征,并研究Pb元素物质的量与Zr及Ti两种元素物质的量之和的比n(Pb)/n(Zr+Ti)和矿化剂KOH浓度对粉体物相和形貌的影响。结果表明:n(Pb)/n(Zr+Ti)=1.4时,可以合成单一晶相的PZT,颗粒的立方体形貌规则清晰且无团聚,结晶良好;在200℃、反应溶剂乙醇和水的体积比为2∶1、n(Pb)/n(Zr+Ti)=1.4的条件下,当KOH浓度由1 mol/L增加到4 mol/L时,立方体形貌的PZT粉体的粒径由1.5μm减小到0.2μm。     

锆钛酸铅纳米陶瓷粉体的水热合成技术

阐述了水热合成法制备锆钛酸铅纳米陶瓷粉多晶体的原理、工艺过程及其特点,重点分析了水热法制备锆钛酸铅纳米陶瓷粉多晶体的溶解/沉淀和原位合成两种形成机制,以及工艺过程中的影响因素,如反应的温度、碱度、时间、粉体的洗涤、干燥等影响因素。通过分析得出水热法制备锆钛酸铅纳米陶瓷粉多晶体适宜的工艺参数为:反应温度150～220℃,碱度pH7～11.5,反应时间2～4h,采用冷冻干燥法可获得分散性好、粒度均匀的锆钛酸铅纳米粉体。     

铌锰锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷烧结行为的研究

运用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS等实验手段,研究了烧结温度对0.05PMnN-0.95PZT (PMnN—PZT)压电陶瓷微观结构、压电性能及锰元素价态的影响.实验结果显示:随烧结温度的降低平均晶粒尺寸减小,四方度也随之减小;机电耦合系数(k_p)随烧结温度的升高而提高, 而机械品质因子(Q_m)却呈波浪状变化. XPS及TEM实验分析证明:PMnN—PZT陶瓷在烧结过程中出现明显的液相烧结和成分偏离,低温烧结诱导了Mn²⁺的出现,产生更多的氧空位,从而使低温烧结下的样品Q_m值不致降低.     

提高PZT压电性能方法的研究现状

PZT(锆钛酸铅)是应用最广泛的压电陶瓷。介绍了提高PZT压电陶瓷压电性能的方法,重点总结了采用改变锆钛比、进行掺杂改性和调节烧结温度等方法来改变压电性能的研究现状,进而为改进工艺提高压电性能提供理论支持,并展望了将PZT压电材料应用于智能涂层在线监测的前景,分析了亟待解决的问题。     

过量氧化铅和氧化铅气氛对改性钛酸铅压电陶瓷机电性能及其微结构的影响

本文研究了过量氧化铅和氧化铅气氛对改性钛酸铅压电陶瓷机电性能、显微结构、晶体结构以及烧结性能的影响。结果表明,材料的显微结构变化对机电性能产生重要作用。在烧结过程中,随着PbO分压的增加,改性离子Gb~(?)在钛酸铅晶格中的取代位置很可能发生变化,部分Gd~(3+)离子将由A位取代变为B位取代,这将导致晶格四方性的增大和烧结性能恶化。     

锆钛酸铅铁电薄膜的制备及性能研究

本文用无机锆盐代替锆的醇盐，研究了溶胶－凝胶技术制备锆钛酸铅（简称ＰＺＴ）铁电薄膜的热处理工艺、结构和电性能。研究结果表明，在Ｓｉ单晶基片上制备的ＰＺＴ薄膜为钙钛矿型结构的陶瓷薄膜，其晶粒细小、致密，且具有良好的铁电性能，适合于制备铁电存贮器。     

钛酸铅—环氧树脂压电复合材料的极化及压电性能研究

对钛酸铅／环氧树脂复合压电材料的极化性能进行了研究。结果表明,较高的极化电场强度和较高的极化温度均有利于压电复合材料压电性能的提高,但超过一定值时,材料会达到饱和极化状态,压电变常趋于稳定。     

烧结温度对PMS-PZT系陶瓷显微结构和压电性能的研究

研究了不同烧结温度对Pb(Mn1／3Sb2／3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3(PMS—PZT)系压电陶瓷显微结构和压电性能的影响．实验结果表明：在1240℃、2h条件下烧结，能获得最优的综合性能：Cr=1530、d33=374、Kp=0．6、tanδ=0．41％、Qm=1250，可以满足压电变压器和超声马达等大功率场合下的使用要求．与此同时，当烧结温度为1100-1150℃时，材料仍然具有良好的压电性能：Cr=1370、d33=348、Kp=0．57、tanδ=0．62％、Qm=1620(1150℃)，因此可以作为中低温烧结的多层器件用厚膜材料．高温显微镜、SEM、TEM和EDS等研究表明，PMS—PZT系陶瓷具有很宽的烧结温度区域，特别是中低温烧结时仍能成瓷并具有高的压电性能，主要是因为PbO和Sb2O5在较低烧结温度下(1100℃)能够形成过渡液相促进陶瓷烧结，随着烧结温度的升高，它们能够重新进入晶格形成单一钙钛矿结构．     

水热法合成锆钛酸铅PZT纳米线

压电材料锆钛酸铅（PZT）纳米线具有优异的传感和驱动性能,同时其尺寸小,比表面积大,在纳米器件方面具有良好的应用前景,如纳米级的压电传感器和驱动器,超声装置等。相比较于大多数文献要通过加入表面活性剂PVA或者PAA等合成PZT纳米线,本文在不使用任何表面活性剂的条件下,采用ZrC102（8H20）,（C4H20）tTi,Pb（N03）3为前驱物,KOH为矿化剂,两步水热合成直径为200～500m、长度为10～50μm的PZT纳米线,水热过程所得产物并非钙钛矿结构,而是体心四方相结构（简称PX相）的P打纳米线。该纳米线经过退火处理（650℃退火20min）,可以实现晶型从体心四方到钙钛矿结构的转变。     

锆钛酸铅(PZT)薄膜的自发极化与压电响应

用溶胶－凝胶法在Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ／ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉ（１００）基片上制备了近等原子比的压电ＰＺＴ薄膜,在准同型相界附近的ＰＺＴ薄膜的应变机制是受极化控制的压电效应,内电场导致薄膜的自发极化定向,使薄膜未经极化就具有明显的压电响应。     

Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3粉体的冲击波合成及烧结研究

以ZrO2、Pb304和TiO2为原料（Nb2O5为掺杂剂）,采用柱面冲击波装置合成了Pb（Zr0.95 Ti0.05）O2（PZT95／5）粉体,并对粉体活性及其烧结性能进行了研究。XRD及SEM分析表明,利用冲击波的高温高压作用可以合成单一钙钛矿相PZT95／5粉体,并使得粉体发生了晶粒细化与晶格畸变,这有利于增强粉体活性,促进低温活化烧结。该粉体在1100℃的低温下即可烧结成瓷;在1200℃烧结3h,陶瓷体致密度达到最大,约7．79g／cm^3,且晶粒尺寸相近,分布均匀。     

Pb(Zr0.5, Ti0.5)O3 nanofibres by electrospinning

Lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr_0.5, Ti_0.5)O₃ nanofibres with diameters ranging from 200–300 nm have been synthesized by calcination of the electrospun lead zirconate titanate/polyvinyl acetate composite fibres. The morphology and crystalline phase features of these lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanofibres have been studied by various physico-chemical methods such as SEM, AFM, XRD and FT–IR. The formation of perovskite PZT phase was observed at temperatures as low as 550 °C.     

0.94[(Na0.96-xKxLi0.04)0.5Bi0.5]TiO3-0.06Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3无铅压电陶瓷的压电介电特性

对无铅压电陶瓷0.94[(Na0.96-xKxLi0.04)0.5Bi0.5]TiO3-0.06Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3的性质随K含量的变化进行了系统研究,获得压电应变常数d33高达185pC/N的0.94[(Na0.80K0.16Li0.04)0.5-Bi0.5]TiO3-0.06Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3压电陶瓷.随着K掺杂量的增加,该陶瓷材料的介电温谱峰值向右明显移动,其介电峰温度明显升高.     

Electrorheological properties of novel piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr0.5,Ti0.5)O3-acrylic rubber composites

Perovskite lead zirconate titanate, comprised of PbTi_1 ? xO₃ and PbZr_xO₃, was synthesized at a temperature below the Curie temperature, T_C. The tetragonal form obtained is a noncentrosymmetric structure capable of spontaneous polarization. FTIR spectra and XRD patterns confirm the successful synthesis of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT). PZT particles were mixed with an arcrylic rubber solution and cast as a thin sheet. SEM micrographs indicate that PZT particles are moderately dispersed in the acrylic rubber (AR71) matrix. Without electric field, the particles merely act as a reinforcing filler which can absorb and store additional stress. Under electric field, particle-induced dipole moments are generated, leading to interparticle interactions, and a substantial increase in the storage modulus. At a lead zirconate titanate volume fraction of 0.038600, the storage modulus response attains its maximum value with the corresponding storage modulus sensitivity value of 0.58 as the electric field strength is varied from 0 to 2 kV/mm.     

Ti~(4+)对PbZrO_3和Pb(Zr_(1-x)Ti_x)O_3粉体晶格结构的影响

研究了Ti4+离子对PbZrO3和Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3粉体晶格结构的影响。利用固相反应法合成的PbZrO3和Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3粉体,从XRD、晶格常数和Raman光谱3个方面进行了分析。结果表明:PbZrO3和Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3均为钙钛矿结构,但较之PbZrO3,Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3的XRD谱各个峰位均向高角度轻微偏移;晶胞参数变小;Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3的Raman峰除在低频区向低频方向发生了偏移,而其余峰均向高频方向发生了偏移且部分峰有宽化现象。主要是由于Ti4+离子部分取代Zr4+离子进入PbZrO3晶格而形成Pb(Zr1-xTix)结构。     

Comparison of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors sandwiched with conductive La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 and non-conductive Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 layers

Ferroelectric capacitors of Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂/PbZr_0.4Ti_0.6O₃/Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT/PZT/BLT) and La_0.5Sr_0.5CoO₃/PbZr_0.4Ti_0.6O₃/La_0.5Sr_0.5CoO₃ (LSCO/PZT/LSCO) are fabricated, respectively, on Si substrates in order to study the properties of PZT film sandwiched by conductive oxide and non-conductive oxide layers. It is found that the crystallinity of PZT film grown on LSCO electrode is much better than that on BLT film although the growth temperature of BLT/PZT/BLT is 100 °C higher than that of LSCO/PZT/LSCO. Remanent polarization of LSCO/PZT/LSCO capacitors measured at 10 V is 31.1 μC/cm², which is much higher than the value of 19.8 μC/cm² for BLT/PZT/BLT. Both kinds of the capacitors are fatigue-free up to 10¹⁰ switching cycles. The leakage current density measured at 5 V is about 4.7 × 10^− 6 A/cm² and 1.9 × 10^− 5 A/cm² for BLT/PZT/BLT and LSCO/PZT/LSCO, respectively. The differences for the two kinds of capacitors are discussed in the article.     

Microwave dielectric properties of Mg(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3-SrTiO3 ceramics

The microwave dielectric properties of (1−x)Mg(Zr_0.05Ti_0.95)O₃-xSrTiO₃ ceramics prepared by conventional solid processing were investigated. With increasing x, the dielectric constant and the quality factor decreased, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was tuned from negative to positive value. The effect of sintering temperature on microwave properties was also studied. After sintering at 1,390 °C for 4 h, the ceramics exhibited a near zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency about 2.1 ppm/°C, an optimum dielectric constant of 20.9 and a high quality factor of 203000 (6.8 GHz), at the level of x = 0.05.     

Non-uniform distribution of polarization in Pb0.76Ca0.24(Co0.5W0.5)0.05Ti0.95O3 ceramics produced by defects

Polarization distribution of calcium-modified lead titanate ceramics with a nominal composition of Pb_0.76Ca_0.24(Co_0.5W_0.5)_0.05Ti_0.95O₃ was measured from the thermocurrents stimulated in these materials by a sinusoidal thermal wave. The polarization distribution was obtained and related to the development of defects in the material during processing. The deviation in the perovskite composition and the formation of segregated phases at the grain boundaries have been studied using the techniques of energy dispersion X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and backscattering electron analysis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

无铅压电陶瓷K0.5Na0.5NbO3-BiFeO3的烧结工艺与压电性能研究

采用传统常压固相烧结工艺制备了掺杂0.8at%BiFeO₃(BF)的K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃(KNN) 无铅压电陶瓷,着重研究了烧结温度与保温时间对陶瓷的晶体结构、相转变、致密度与压电、介电性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 所有陶瓷样品都为单一的钙钛矿结构, 烧结温度与保温时间对陶瓷样品的室温晶体结构与相转变温度几乎没有影响, 但对陶瓷的表面形貌、密度和压电性能有较大的影响. 当保温时间为3h,在1100℃至1150℃范围内, 随烧结温度的升高,陶瓷的压电常数d33、平面机电耦合系数Kp及机械品质因数Qm均一直升高, 介电损耗tanδ则显著降低. 当烧结温度为1150℃时, 随保温时间的增加, 陶瓷的压电性能先显著提高后基本保持不变. 1150℃保温2h烧结的陶瓷获得良好的性能：密度ρ=4.50g/cm³（致密度为95.63%）, d₃₃=132pC/N, K_p=45%, Q_m=333.73, tanδ=2.39%.