水介质直接法清洁合成硬脂酸锌研究

研究了在水介质中常压免添加剂由碱式碳酸锌与硬脂酸直接反应清洁合成硬脂酸锌，结果表明：反应温度、反应物料液-固比对合成反应速率有较明显的影响，合成优等品硬脂酸锌的适宜工艺条件为：反应温度80℃，反应物料液-固比7：1，反应时间30min。     

利用正交设计研究水热法合成硬脂酸钙

以硬脂酸和氢氧化钙为原料，采用水热法合成出了色泽好的高质量硬脂酸钙。研究表明，反应速率受氢氧化钙粒径、反应温度、反应物料液固质量比等因素的影响。以过74μm筛氢氧化钙为原料，由正交实验设计分析出了影响硬脂酸钙的主要因素，得到了适宜的工艺条件：反应时间为30 min，反应物料的液固比为6 ：1，反应的压力为0.4 MPa，反应温度为60℃。     

正交设计在水热法合成硬脂酸锌中的应用

以硬脂酸和氧化锌为原料,采用水热法合成出了色泽好的高质量硬脂酸锌.研究表明,反应速率受氧化锌粒径、反应温度、反应物料液/固质量比等因素的程度不等的影响.以过74 μm筛氧化锌为原料,由正交实验设计分析出了影响硬脂酸锌的主要因素,得到了适宜的工艺条件：反应物料的液/固质量比为7：1,反应时间为30 min,反应压力为0.4 MPa,反应温度为60 ℃.     

在水介质中直接制备硬脂酸钙

通过一种特定的工艺方法，在常压下的水介质中免添加剂由硬脂酸与氢氧化钙反应，直接法制得高质量硬脂酸钙。研究表明，反应速率受反应温度、氢氧化钙粒度、反应物料液／固质量比等因素的程度不等的影响。以过200目氢氧化钙为原料，适宜的工艺条件为：60℃，反应物料液／固质量比8／1，190min。与复分解法工艺相比，新工艺的反应时间虽有所延长，但反应物料液／固质量比、反应温度和滤饼湿含量降低，介质水及余热可回收循环利用，因此能耗、水耗明显下降。新工艺可沿用复分解法工艺的生产设备，特别适用于现采用复分解法工艺的硬脂酸钙生产企业的环保化改造。     

常压水介质直接法洁净合成硬脂酸镁

通过采用新工艺,实现了在常压水介质中由硬脂酸与碱式碳酸镁直接反应合成色泽好的高质量硬脂酸镁．试验研完表明：反应温度、反应物料液-固质量比对合成反应速率有较明显的影响;合成优等品硬脂酸镁的适宜的工艺条件为：反应温度80℃,反应物料液-固质量比6：1,反应时间300min。与传统的复分解法工艺相比,该工艺生产效率明显提高,能耗、水耗显著下降、由于可沿用复分解法工艺的生产设备,该工艺特别适用于现采用复分解法工艺的硬脂酸镁生产企业的环保化升级改造。     

2000～2001年国内塑料助剂技术进展(续二)

３热稳定剂硬脂酸镁合成新工艺广东工业大学化工系开发了一种在水介质中由硬脂酸与新生成的氢氧化镁进行皂化反应合成硬脂酸镁的湿法新工艺。与传统的复分解法工艺相比 ,新工艺反应温度明显下降、反应时间大大缩短、反应物料液 -固比大大下低、滤饼湿质量分数显著减少。该工艺适宜的工艺条件为 :第一次加碱量５０%化学计量比 ,反应物料液 -固比３∶１,反应温度６０℃ ,预反应时间３ｍｉｎ;第二次加碱时间２ｍｉｎ,续反应时间５ｍｉｎ［６５］。直接法合成硬脂酸锌的正交试验设计及最佳工艺条件的确定河北科技大学研究了硬脂酸和氧化锌在催化…     

硬脂酸镁合成新工艺

介绍一种在水介质中由硬脂酸与新生成的氢氧化镁进行皂化反应合成硬脂酸镁的湿法新工艺。与传统的复分解法工艺相比,新工艺反应温度明显下降、反应时间大大缩短、反应物料液-固比大大降低、滤饼湿质量分数显著减少,因此大大提高了生产效率,降低了能耗、水耗。     

无溶剂法合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯的工艺研究

以乙醇代替有毒的甲醇与硬脂酸在酸催化下进行反应制出了硬脂酸乙酯。以硬脂酸乙酯与蔗糖为原料在催化剂和乳化剂的作用下，进行酯交换反应合成出蔗糖硬脂酸酯。详细考察了该合成反应过程中乳化剂、催化剂用量，反应温度，原料配比，反应时间等因素对蔗糖硬脂酸酯产率的影响，得出了较佳合成工艺条件，即硬脂酸乙酯：蔗糖摩尔比为2．15：1，乳化剂与蔗糖质量比为0．1：1，催化剂与反应物料质量比为0．14：1，反应温度－120℃，压力－4．35kPa,反应时间－3.5h。以蔗糖计，蔗糖酯产率约75．2％。此外，还把蔗糖硬脂酸酯制成易挥发衍生物，建立了分析其组成的气相色谱方法。     

硬脂酸锌催化合成工艺的优化研究

以硬脂酸、氧化锌为原料,以双氧水为催化剂,在水介质中催化合成硬脂酸锌.通过单因素实验和正交实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、液固比和催化剂加入量对产品游离酸含量的影响,获得了优化的合成工艺条件:反应温度80℃,反应时间60 min,液固比7,催化剂加入量2.5%.在此优化工艺条件下合成的硬脂酸锌产品游离酸含量和熔点分别为0.43%和124℃,达到化工行业硬脂酸锌优等品标准.     

水介质中硬脂酸钙的清洁合成

以双氧水和甘油为复合催化剂,实现了硬脂酸与氢氧化钙在水介质中一步合成硬脂酸钙。固定双氧水和甘油用量,考察反应温度、固液比和反应时间等对反应的影响。结果表明,在双氧水用量8%、甘油用量10%、反应温度60℃、固液比1:10、反应时间2.5 h的优化条件下,产品的游离酸含量为0.20%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。