活性炭纤维阴极电Fenton法降解甲基橙的研究

以石墨为阳极、活性炭纤维(ACF)为阴极,电Fenton法氧化降解甲基橙溶液。结果表明,在甲基橙溶液浓度为4 mmol/L、pH值为3、电压为8 V、硫酸亚铁的浓度为0.2 mmol/L、反应时间为60 min时脱色率可达到98.12%,并且甲基橙氧化降解遵循一级反应动力学。     

电-Fenton法处理硝基苯废水的试验研究

以多孔石墨作为阴极,以铁板作为阳极,并向阴极不断通入空气,电解过程中生成的H2O2与阳极溶解的Fe2+形成Fenton试剂,利用Fenton试剂在电解的过程中产生的大量活性羟基OH的强氧化作用来氧化降解废水中的有机物.试验证明在电-Fenton法最佳反应条件下,硝基苯迅速降解,去除率可以达到87%以上.     

自制气体扩散电极电-Fenton对苯酚废水处理的研究

采用电-Fenton法对模拟苯酚废水进行处理。实验以自制气体扩散电极为阴极,铁板为阳极,并向阴极不断通入空气。电解过程中生成的H2O2与阳极溶解的Fe2 形成Fenton试剂。Fenton试剂在电解的过程中可以产生大量活性羟基(·OH)用来降解废水中的苯酚。在最佳实验条件下,自制气体扩散电极电-Fenton对苯酚的去除率能够达到90%以上,并且有效地降低了Fenton试剂的成本,操作维护方便、无二次污染。     

电(类)Fenton阴极材料的研究进展

电(类)Fenton技术作为一种高级氧化技术,已经成为难降解有机废水处理领域的研究热点。其可通过阴极曝气的方式原位持续在线生成双氧水(H2O2),并与电极表面或溶液中的催化剂反应生成羟基自由基(·OH),实现污染物的高效降解。因此,阴极材料的研发是该技术的关键。综述了电(类)Fenton阴极材料的国内外研究现状及其在水处理中的应用,重点比较了其原位电生成H2O2的能力和存在的优缺点等,并对未来的发展趋势进行了阐述。     

Fenton氧化协同活性炭吸附净化油田聚合物驱含PAM污水研究

采用Fenton氧化协同活性炭吸附净化油田聚合物驱含PAM污水,系统研究了双氧水加入量、硫酸亚铁加入量、溶液pH、活性炭投加量等因素对油田聚合物驱含PAM污水COD降解率的影响规律。以及硫酸亚铁加入量和溶液pH对废水粘度去除率的影响规律。再通过正交实验确定影响油田聚合物驱含PAM污水COD降解率因素。结果表明,主次顺序依次为:硫酸亚铁加入量,活性炭投加量,溶液pH和双氧水加入量,在双氧水加入量2 mL,硫酸亚铁加入量0.5 g,溶液pH为4,活性炭投加量1.0 g时,油田聚合物驱含PAM污水净化效果最好,COD降解率达到91.9%。该研究为油田聚合物驱含PAM污水的净化提供了一定的基础数据和理论依据。     

Fenton氧化协同活性炭吸附净化油田聚合物驱含PAM污水研究

采用Fenton氧化协同活性炭吸附净化油田聚合物驱含PAM污水,系统研究了双氧水加入量、硫酸亚铁加入量、溶液pH、活性炭投加量等因素对油田聚合物驱含PAM污水COD降解率的影响规律。以及硫酸亚铁加入量和溶液pH对废水粘度去除率的影响规律。再通过正交实验确定影响油田聚合物驱含PAM污水COD降解率因素。结果表明,主次顺序依次为:硫酸亚铁加入量,活性炭投加量,溶液pH和双氧水加入量,在双氧水加入量2 mL,硫酸亚铁加入量0.5 g,溶液pH为4,活性炭投加量1.0 g时,油田聚合物驱含PAM污水净化效果最好,COD降解率达到91.9%。该研究为油田聚合物驱含PAM污水的净化提供了一定的基础数据和理论依据。     

双极Electro-Fenton法降解水中苯酚的研究

设计了一种双极电化学芬顿方法(Bipolar Electro—Fenton;BEF)并对水中的苯酚进行了降解研究。采用热压法制备了多孔气体扩散碳电极。在无分隔槽反应装置中,以多孔气体扩散碳电极为阴极将氧气还原产生过氧化氢,铁板作阳极产生Fe2 ,直接利用两电极产物发生芬顿(Fenton)反应对苯酚进行降解。TOC、COD的检测结果表明,BEF法中所采用的气体扩散电极对苯酚的降解程度较通常废水处理中以石墨为阴极的电芬(Electro-Fenton;EF)更为彻底;而且BEF法对苯酚的降解速率比传统芬顿法更快。     

电Fenton技术的研究现状及应用进展

电Fenton法通过原位产生的过氧化氢(H2O2)与Fe2+反应生成羟基自由基(·OH)处理难降解有机废水,阴极材料是实现电Fenton高效处理效果的关键因素。简要介绍了电Fenton技术的原理、分类及应用,详细阐述了非金属与金属阴极材料的研究进展。非金属材料主要以碳材料为载体,氮、硼和硫掺杂为主;金属材料主要有Fe、Cu和Ce等。获得高效、廉价的阴极材料是电Fenton技术今后的研究方向之一。     

硼掺杂金刚石膜电极电氧化降解对氯苯酚废水

采用循环伏安法研究了中性介质中对氯苯酚在硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)膜电极上的电氧化行为。提出了一种以BDD膜电极为阳极的电化学氧化降解对氯苯酚废水的新工艺,考察了阳极电流密度、对氯苯酚初始浓度、电解液初始pH、支持电解质浓度等工艺因素对电氧化降解效果的影响。结果表明:在阳极极化电位为1.4～1.6V(vs.SCE)时,对氯苯酚在BDD膜电极表面发生直接电氧化反应,生成易吸附的中间产物,导致电极活性降低;在阳极极化电位高于2.0V(vs.SCE)时,BDD膜电极能够良好地电氧化降解对氯苯酚溶液,该过程是通过直接电氧化过程与间接电氧化过程联合作用实现的。通过考察若干工艺因素对对氯苯酚电氧化降解效果的影响发现,较为理想的工艺参数组合为,阳极电流密度60mA·cm-2、支持电解质浓度10g·L-1、对氯苯酚初始浓度10mmol·L-1、电解液初始pH7。在该工艺条件下,COD去除率达到96.1%,平均电流效率为50.2%。高效液相色谱证实了BDD膜电极能有效地电氧化降解对氯苯酚。     

（光）电-Fenton法降解有毒有机污染物的研究进展

(光)电-Fenton法是能有效降解水中有毒有机污染物的高级氧化技术.综述了(光)电-Fenton法特性,重点从阳极氧化、阴极还原氧气生成双氧水和电絮凝作用等方面概述了(光)电-Fenton法降解有毒有机污染物的研究进展,结合其在工业废水有毒有机污染物处理中的应用,总结了其应用现状及发展趋势.     

Anodic,cathodic and combined treatments for the electrochemical oxidation of an effluent from the flame retardant industry

The electrochemical oxidation of an effluent from the manufacture of phosphorus based flame retardants was studied. To reach a residual concentration of reduced phosphorus lower than 10 mg L⁻¹, in compliance with Italian law for industrial wastewater disposal, anodic oxidation using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and electro-Fenton (EF) treatment were tested. The effects of some factors are optimised and a comparison of the reaction pathways is also presented. A combined treatment using EF with BDD conducted in an undivided cell is shown not to enhance the data obtained with BDD while a novel combined treatment using EF and BDD in a divided cell shows promising results when an anionic membrane is used as separation. In this last case the cell operates as two different batch reactors working with the same current. The anodic compartment, fed with raw effluent, provides partial oxidation, while the cathodic compartment, fed with the partially anodically oxidised solution, completes the treatment. When the effluent is transferred in the cathodic compartment, the anodic one is fed with fresh untreated solution. The advantage of this kind of coupling consists in the simultaneity of the two treatments which allows total oxidation with notable saving of charge and time.     

MAP结晶法与絮凝剂联用预处理化工含磷废水

为达到后续生化处理工艺要求的水质,采用磷酸铵镁(MAP)结晶法与絮凝剂联用预处理化工高含磷废水。以实际化工含磷废水为研究对象,考察了pH值、镁盐投加量、反应温度以及絮凝剂PAFC、PAM投加量对除磷效果的影响。研究结果表明,MAP结晶法除磷的最佳工艺条件为:pH值为9.0,n(Mg2+)∶n(PO43-)为1.6∶1,反应温度为30℃;絮凝剂强化除磷的最佳工艺条件为:PAFC投加量为30 mg/L,PAM投加量为3 mg/L。此时TP、TN、NH3-N、CODCr的去除率分别为98%、74%、64%、87%,满足后续处理要求。     

Paired electrooxidative degradation of phenol with in situ electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite

The oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite, were generated by the cathodic reduction of oxygen and anodic oxidation of chloride ion in a paired electrolysis process and used for phenol degradation. The degradation of phenol with electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide was slightly affected by pH and ferrous ion concentration. The oxidative degradation of phenol with paired electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite was significantly affected by phenol concentration. In comparison with the cathodic and anodic degradation of phenol, the removal of phenol increased by 56.1 and 178.1%, respectively, in the case of paired electrooxidative phenol degradation. The COD decreased from 3222 and 3222 ppm to 2253 and 2746 ppm in the anodic and cathodic compartments when the charge passed increased from 0 to 2500C.     

电芬顿降解活性艳红X3B的阳极影响因素

以钛基氧化锡纳米涂层(DSA)电极作为阳极,以活性炭纤维(ACF)作为阴极,与石墨板(GE)电极进行组合,形成三组不同的电极对,用于比较研究电芬顿反应中的阳极影响因素。降解模拟染料活性艳红X3B,其脱色率和矿化率均为:电极体系a(阴极/ACF,阳极/DSA)>b(阴极/ACF,阳极/GE)>c(阴极/GE,阳极/DSA)。其中最优电极体系a反应90 min完全脱色,180 min内矿化率和平均电流效率分别为75.3% 和56.7%。XRD和SEM表征表明:DSA电极和ACF电极在电芬顿反应中具有稳定的化学结构。循环伏安扫描的结果表明三组电极体系均无明显的阳极直接氧化反应发生。采用荧光法检测了活性氧化物种,发现三组电极体系生成羟基自由基的数量与其降解效果完全一致。本研究证明DSA 对于电芬顿反应有促进作用,并且这一促进作用是通过催化H₂O₂生成·OH 这一间接途径来实现的。     

MnOx掺杂纳米石墨阴极制备及其催化降解能力

采用溶胶-凝胶法和热压法制备锰氧化物掺杂的纳米石墨(Nano-G)电极（MnOx/Nano-G电极）,并以其为工作电极,构建了能够高效处理水中盐酸四环素（tetracycline hydroxhloride, TCH）的阴极电芬顿体系。运用SEM、XRD、XPS、循环伏安测试和电化学阻抗测试等对MnOx/Nano-G电极进行表征。研究结果表明,MnOx的掺杂可以明显提高Nano-G电极的导电性、电化学稳定性和电化学活性,从而大幅提升阴极电芬顿处理TCH的效能。在TCH初始浓度为20 mg?L-1、电流密度为30 mA?cm-2、初始pH为5.0、极板距离为10mm时,TCH的降解效果最佳;反应60min后,59.27%的TCH被有效去除,相较于未改性的Nano-G电极,TCH降解效率提高了18.70%。此外,MnOx/Nano-G的阴极电芬顿体系的处理效能明显高于传统的RuO2-IrO2/Ti和钛网阴极。综上,MnOx/Nano-G的阴极电芬顿体系是一种高效且具有应用前景的TCH处理技术。     

Conformation of polyacrylamide in aqueous solution with interactive additives and cosolvents

The viscosity of polyacrylamide (PAM) dilute aqueous solutions with NaCl, glucose, and SDS as additives was measured by Ubbelohde viscometry. There was linear relationship between reduced viscosity vs. PAM concentration in aqueous solutions. The Huggins constant k and intrinsic viscosity [η] were used to study the conformation of the polymer chains and the degree of polymer–solvent interaction. In addition, the viscosity of diluted PAM solutions in water with acetone, ethanol, DMF, and ethylene glycol as cosolvent was measured. It was found that the polymer chain conformation contracted as the acetone, ethanol, and DMF cosolvent composition ratio increased, but there was no distinguishing difference between water–ethylene glycol compositions. The solution properties of PAM were used to estimate the swelling properties of PAM gel in the same external conditions, as gel is formed by crosslinking of linear polymer. In good solvent the polymer chain should be expanded, and gel is expected to have large swelling ratio. In water cosolvent systems, when the linear polymer chain underwent coil–globule transition, PAM gel should have volume phase transition under corresponding external conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3122–3129, 2003     

聚驱井解堵降解剂的优选及性能评价

以过硫酸胺、高锰酸钾和过氧化氢为解堵降解剂,对聚合物PAM溶液进行降粘性能评价。结果表明,过硫酸铵的降粘效果最好,高锰酸钾次之,过氧化氢最差。从经济上综合考虑,建议油田选用过硫酸铵作为降解剂,配制解堵剂进行解堵工作。     

Acceleration and quantitative evaluation of degradation for corrosion protective coatings on buried pipeline: Part I. Development of electrochemical test methods

The electrochemical degradation of polyethylene coated onto SS400 was examined in synthetic groundwater. Electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization tests) and surface analysis (scanning electron microscopy) were used to accelerate and evaluate the coating degradation. The pulsed potentiostatic polarization test accelerating both the cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation reactions was applied to reproduce the coating degradation mechanisms of cathodic disbondment and oxide lifting. The applied potentials were determined to be ±300 mV_SCE versus open-circuit potential from the analysis of the anodic and cathodic polarization data. Results from the EIS confirmed that coating degradation is accelerated effectively by the pulsed potentiostatic polarization testing.     

TiO2纳米管阵列光电催化降解抗生素

阳极氧化法制备的TiO2比表面积大且形貌尺寸可控,比其他形式的纳米二氧化钛具备更加优异的性能.研究了氧化时间、氧化电压以及温度对TiO2光电流的影响,采用制备的TiO2在光电催化下降解环境中的新型污染物抗生素(盐酸四环素、头孢唑啉钠、头孢噻肟钠).结果表明,氧化时间为6h、氧化电压为20 V、煅烧温度为500℃时,制备的TiO2具有优异的光电催化活性,其降解率是光催化条件下的3倍、电催化条件下的7倍左右.     

砾间接触氧化技术在乡镇污水处理厂尾水深度处理中的应用

应用砾间接触氧化技术处理乡镇污水处理厂尾水,工程运行结果表明:砾间接触氧化能对尾水中的污染物进一步吸附降解,出水中CODCr、氨氮、总磷平均质量浓度分别为16、0.8、0.21 mg/L,氨氮和总磷达到地表水Ⅳ类水标准,CODCr优于Ⅳ类水标准。砾间接触氧化技术可有效提高污水处理厂尾水水质,实现污水处理厂尾水的高标准排放。