ABS/NBR热塑性弹性体的制备

采用动态硫化法制备了丙烯腈-T二-苯乙烯3元共聚物／丁腈橡胶（ABS／NBR）热塑性弹性体（TPV），研究了硫化剂种类及用量、NBR中丙烯腈含量、橡塑比、增塑剂等对TPV力学性能的影响。结果表明采用丙烯腈较高的NBR制备的TPV综合性能优良，在试验范围内硫黄用量1．5份为宜。适量的增塑剂可以降低TPV硬度，但会导致拉伸性能下降。实验表明，TPV重复加工性能较好。     

EPDM/PP共混型热塑性弹性体的研制

以充油（乙烯/丙烯/二烯）共聚物（EPDM）、粉状聚丙烯（PP）、超细活性滑石粉为基本材料,采用动态硫化法在单螺杆挤出机组上制备了完全交联的EPDM/PP共混型热塑性弹性体（TPV）;探讨了TPV的配方组成、工艺条件与性能的关系;摸索了TPV的加工性;为TPV的投产与应用提供技术参数。     

硫化体系对动态硫化EPDM/POE热塑性弹性体性能的影响

采用动态硫化的方法在Haake转矩流变仪上制备了三元乙丙橡胶/聚烯烃(EPDM/POE)热塑性弹性体(TPV),并分别对不同硫化体系和硫化剂用量对TPV交联密度和性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,随硫化剂用量的增加,TPV的交联密度增大,其中硫黄硫化体系的TPV变化最明显;采用硫黄硫化体系和酚醛树脂硫化体系制备的TPV性能优于过氧化物硫化体系,并且DCP和硫黄分别在用量为0.5份,酚醛树脂在1.0份时性能较佳。     

微纳层叠TPU/MVQ热塑性硫化橡胶的制备与性能研究

利用微纳层叠挤出设备良好的分布分散混合作用，制备了聚氨酯/硅橡胶（TPU/MVQ）热塑性硫化橡胶（TPV），研究了制备方法、动态硫化温度、螺杆转速、橡塑比、相容剂种类及含量对TPV性能的影响。结果表明，与普通共混相比，微纳层叠加工制备的TPV在拉伸强度和断裂伸长率上分别提升了12.4%、12.1%；硫化温度190℃、螺杆转速200 r/min时，TPV力学性能最佳，拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度、压缩永久变形分别为6.69 MPa、363.8%、57.6 A、31.5%；随着橡胶含量的增加，TPV拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度下降，弹性回复性能、耐老化性能、耐油性能提升；相容剂硅烷改性聚氨酯（TPSiU）和乙烯丙烯酸甲酯共聚物（EMA）最佳用量分别为10份和5份，与EMA相比，TPSiU作为相容剂时，材料弹性回复性能、耐油性能更优，而EMA对TPV的断裂伸长率提升作用明显。     

极性调节剂对SSBR微观结构及性能的影响

以正丁基锂为引发剂,环己烷为溶剂,采用SDBS/THF为复合调节剂,制备了溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）;研究了聚合物微观结构对聚合物性能的影响。结果表明：复合调节剂使聚合物链中乙烯基含量和苯乙烯含量均匀分布,得到的产品是完全无规化的SSBR,随着聚合物链中乙烯基含量和苯乙烯含量的增加,产品的玻璃化转变温度明显增加,产品的动态力学性能得到显著提高,分子质量分布大于1.6,合成的SSBR具有良好的物理机械性能。     

马来酸酐和苯乙烯接枝改性对天然橡胶/聚丙烯共混物物理机械性能的影响

用动态硫化法制备了天然橡胶(NR)/聚丙烯(PP)热塑性弹性体(TPV)。研究了马来酸酐/苯乙烯/过氧化二异丙苯(MAH/St/DCP)多单体熔融接枝交联改性及纳米二氧化硅用量对NR/PP TPV物理机械性能的影响,讨论了NR/PP TPV的重复加工性能。结果表明,当MAH/St/DCP用量为3.750/1.875/0.375质量份、纳米二氧化硅用量为3质量份时,NR/PP TPV的物理机械性能最好,达到了国内外有关通用橡胶/PP TPV的水平,并且具有较好的重复加工性能。     

炭黑补强HIPS/SBS/SBR TPV的性能和相态结构研究

采用动态硫化法制备炭黑补强高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）/丁苯橡胶（SBR）热塑性硫化胶（TPV）,考察炭黑用量对TPV物理性能的影响,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜观察动态硫化过程中橡胶相的形态演变。结果表明：在TPV的分散相中填充炭黑,可使TPV的拉伸强度和撕裂强度提高,炭黑用量（对于SBR胶料）为60份时,TPV拉伸强度和撕裂强度最大;在动态硫化过程中,橡胶相在交联的同时逐渐被撕碎为分散相,动态硫化至8?min,橡胶相呈稳定的类球状形貌,粒径为3～6?μm,表面为纳米乱片层状结构。     

高门尼粘度钕系顺丁橡胶/溶聚丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶胎面胶的性能研究

基于半钢子午线轮胎胎面胶配方,将两种高门尼粘度钕系顺丁橡胶（NdBR）{记为NdBR-1^#和NdBR-2^#,门尼粘度[ML（1＋4）100 ℃]分别为67和72,相对分子质量分布指数分别为3.26和2.31}与溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）和天然橡胶（NR）并用,并与镍系顺丁橡胶（牌号BR9000）和NdBR（牌号CB22）作对比,研究高门尼粘度NdBR/SSBR/NR胎面胶的性能。结果表明：在BR/SSBR/NR三胶并用时,高门尼粘度NdBR的应用优势较明显;NdBR-2^#胶料的综合性能优于NdBR-1^#胶料,物理性能、滚动阻力及动态力学性能相当,抗裂口增长性能、抗切割性能和耐老化性能尤其突出,明显优于CB22胶料。NdBR-2#更适用于BR/SSBR/NR并用体系。     

三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯动态硫化热塑性弹性体的相态结构

用扫描电镜研究了三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)聚/丙烯(PP)动态硫化热塑性弹性体(TPV)相态结构的形成过程,探讨了交联密度、制备工艺、螺杆转速对EPDM/PP TPV相态结构的影响。结果表明,采用以酚醛树脂为硫化剂的动态硫化工艺制备的EPDM/PP TPV,其相态结构实现了由EPDM和PP组成的双连续相到以EPDM为分散相、PP为连续相的转变;当硫化剂用量为7份时,橡胶相硫化速率和交联密度最大;当螺杆转速为180 r/m in时,反应性挤出工艺较之密炼机工艺制备的EPDM/PP TPV的橡胶粒子更细小、分散更均匀。     

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物/丁腈橡胶热塑性硫化胶的相容及Mullins效应研究

采用动态硫化方法制备丙烯腈 丁二烯 苯乙烯三元共聚物（ABS）/丁腈橡胶（NBR）热塑性硫化胶（TPV）,以氯化聚乙烯（CPE）为相容剂改善其界面相容性,研究CPE用量对TPV物理性能、Mullins效应和微观结构的影响。结果表明：CPE可显著改善ABS/NBR TPV的界面相容性,当CPE用量为6份时,TPV的综合性能较好;TPV在单轴循环拉伸过程中存在明显的Mullins效应,在相同的拉伸比下,TPV的最大应力、内耗能和损耗因子在第1次加载 卸载循环中最大,在第2次循环拉伸时显著下降,但随后下降幅度减小;与未相容TPV相比,相容TPV具有较高的瞬时残余形变、应力软化因子和损耗因子。扫描电子显微镜分析结果表明,相容TPV的断面较为平整,NBR硫化胶粒子均匀分散在TPV的表面。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.