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药物和个人护理用品(PPCPs)是一类新兴的有机污染物,与常见的污染物相比,在水环境中浓度很低但化学结构复杂,种类多,性质差异大,具有毒性,常规处理技术很难完全去除。非均相催化臭氧化技术的固相催化剂可回收重复利用,二次污染少,目前此处理技术在PPCPs领域的研究已经非常广泛。文章详细描述了非均相催化臭氧化技术降解PPCPs时常遵循的表面反应机理、自由基反应机理、协同反应机理,进一步阐释了自由基反应机理中的4种途径,简要介绍了催化剂等因素对PPCPs降解的影响,归纳总结了非均相催化臭氧化在PPCPs治理领域的应用进展,提出了现今非均相催化臭氧化技术存在的问题,最后展望了非均相催化臭氧化技术的未来研究方向及应用前景。 相似文献
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催化臭氧化技术在废水处理中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述了均相催化臭氧化和非均相催化臭氧化技术在废水处理中的应用研究进展,并提出了技术发展趋势与存在的问题。非均相催化臭氧化技术是现代催化技术与环境化学处理技术的组合,其中催化剂具有活化臭氧、提高臭氧氧化降解能力的作用。该技术具有降解能力强、效率高、不产生二次污染等优点,将在环保领域发挥越来越大的作用。 相似文献
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催化臭氧化技术具有操作简单、氧化效率高、二次污染小等特点,在水中酚类化合物的去除方面具有较大的技术优势。本文以酚类化合物的催化臭氧化处理为切入点,介绍了均相催化臭氧化(二价铁离子)和非均相催化臭氧化(金属型、硅基负载型、碳基负载型、铝基负载型)处理不同浓度梯度酚类化合物的研究进展。然后,基于上述研究进展,根据污染物氧化过程的探针实验结果、催化剂表征特性和有机物转化规律,阐述了苯酚等酚类化合物的催化臭氧化机理。最后,从新型催化剂的再开发、酚类化合物的广谱催化和催化氧化机理的进一步探讨方面对催化臭氧化处理酚类化合物进行了展望。 相似文献
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高级氧化技术作为治理难降解污染物、污水提标改造的有效处理技术发展迅速。非均相催化臭氧氧化因氧化效率高、使用便捷等优势受到广泛关注。当前研究主要集中于对高效催化剂制备及其降解效能方面,而对非均相催化臭氧氧化机理方面的探索和总结尚不完善。本文根据非均相催化剂类型差异系统综述了催化臭氧氧化体系中重要的吸附作用机理以及催化氧化作用机理,讨论了金属氧化物材料的表面羟基、路易斯活性位点、氧化还原电偶,非金属材料的电子来源差异、表面官能团,复合材料的复合特性对臭氧的吸附与活性氧物种产生的影响。同时总结了非均相催化氧化过程中活性氧物种之间的产生、转化与鉴定以及详细的羟基自由基和超氧自由基的相互转化过程,为后续发展非均相催化臭氧氧化技术提供参考。 相似文献
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臭氧催化氧化技术可以提高污水中总有机碳(TOC)的去除效率和臭氧的利用率,近年来得到了广泛的研究。但由于催化反应过程复杂、影响因素多,导致其反应机理一直存在较大的争议。本文回顾了近年来国内外对臭氧催化氧化技术的研究结果,对均相、非均相臭氧催化氧化机理以及非均相催化剂的组成、活性影响因素进行了总结,并对非均相臭氧催化氧化技术用于降解模型化合物和处理典型工业污水的研究进展进行了介绍。文章最后指出催化剂的结构和表面化学性质与催化机理、有机物的降解途径之间的相互关系还需要更深入的研究。 相似文献
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非均相催化臭氧氧化技术是一种高效的水污染控制技术。负载型稀土臭氧氧化催化剂因稀土元素独特的电子构型,展现出优异的催化性能,不仅具有良好的稳定性和较长的使用寿命,还可有效解决催化剂流失及出水金属离子超标问题,被认为是最有前景的非均相臭氧氧化催化剂。本文着重从负载型稀土臭氧氧化催化剂的制备、催化反应机理以及单稀土、稀土-过渡金属、双稀土-过渡金属氧化物负载型臭氧氧化催化剂在近几年的污水处理领域中的应用进展进行概述与总结。多稀土复合型非均相臭氧氧化催化剂的开发,以及对催化氧化过程的作用机理的深入研究,是未来非均相催化臭氧氧化技术在水处理中的重点研究方向。 相似文献
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This study focuses on the catalytic ozonation of organic matter recalcitrant to usual water treatment technologies. Experiments aimed to investigate the efficiency of the process TOCCATA®, which uses a granular catalyst coupled with ozonation. Comparison was made between single ozonation, single adsorption onto the catalyst and catalytic ozonation. Adsorption was proven to contribute to decreased dissolved organic carbon. Catalytic ozonation enhanced organic matter removal and ozone transfer compared to single ozonation. Catalytic ozonation was modeled with global apparent first-order kinetics and single adsorption with pseudo–second-order sorption kinetics. 相似文献
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通过半动态实验,对MnOx/GAC(颗粒活性炭)催化臭氧氧化技术氧化硝基苯的降解效能与动力学规律进行了初步研究。结果表明MnOx/GAC催化臭氧氧化过程对硝基苯具有较高的催化活性,在相同的反应条件下,MnOx/GAC催化臭氧氧化技术对硝基苯的降解效率是单独臭氧氧化的2.4倍。催化剂对硝基苯有一定的吸附作用。MnOx/GAC催化剂的存在提高了臭氧的利用率。MnOx/GAC催化臭氧氧化过程存在着催化剂最佳投量,硝基苯初始浓度与反应速率常数有良好的线性相关性,水质本底对MnOx/GAC催化臭氧氧化效率也有影响。 相似文献
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介绍了催化臭氧氧化的主要类别,分述了均相与非均相催化臭氧氧化在难降解石化废水方面的已有应用和催化机理,探讨了非均相催化臭氧氧化中活性炭的主要作用;简述了pH值、温度、臭氧和催化剂投加方式与投加量、催化剂体系等因素在非均相催化臭氧氧化中的影响规律。在已有研究的基础上,提出了将催化臭氧氧化与生化处理相结合的建议并佐证了其可行性;预测了催化臭氧氧化未来的研究方向;针对活性炭在催化臭氧氧化处理难降解石化废水中存在的问题,提出应加强对活性炭的改性研究,同时对某些工艺进行深入研究,全面掌握可能存在的问题,为完善催化臭氧氧化的机理作出努力。 相似文献
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The effect of catalytic ozonation in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) on the formation of individual disinfection by-products (DBPs) was investigated. A biofiltration column was used to evaluate the removal efficiency of biotreatment on DBP precursors. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), simulated distribution system trihalomethanes (SDS THMs), and six simulated distribution system haloacetic acids (SDS HAA6) were monitored. The source water was polluted by domestic and agricultural effluents. Catalytic ozonation removed the concentration of DOC by 8.2-51.4% depending on the dosage of the catalyst. The decreases of SDS THMs and SDS HAA6 were 41.3-51.2% and 31.7-48.3%, respectively, under the same operating conditions. Biotreatment greatly improved the removal efficiency of DOC and decreased the formation of DBPs. Up to 81.7%, 76.1%, and 81.3% of DOC, SDS THMs precursors, and SDS HAA6 precursors were removed after the catalytic ozonation followed by biofiltration, respectively. The treatment processes also influenced the proportions of individual DBP species. The proportion of bromine-containing species from the SDS THMs and SDS HAA6 increased in water samples after being treated by biofiltration alone, ozonation alone, catalytic ozonation, and catalytic ozonation followed by biofiltration. 相似文献
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利用介质阻挡放电对失活钯炭催化剂(Pd/AC)进行再生,并通过催化臭氧氧化硝基苯反应评价再生后催化剂的活性。运用扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积测定(BET)、热重分析(TG)等测定手段对Pd/AC进行表征;并对放电过程进行臭氧产量测定和等离子体发射光谱诊断,分析了Pd/AC催化剂再生的机理。结果表明,催化剂经放电处理30 min后再生率为95%;利用在最优条件下再生的Pd/AC进行催化臭氧氧化反应,硝基苯的降解率为87%;再生过程中臭氧贡献率仅为25.6%,表明放电过程中产生的强氧化性自由基是促使催化剂再生的主要因素。 相似文献
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Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation was investigated for the degradation of nitrobenzene in the presence of TiO2 supported on Silica-gel as a solid catalyst. The conditions in preparing the catalyst are experimentally optimized. The catalytic activity of the supported TiO2 is strongly influenced by the calcination temperature. The TiO2/Silica-gel calcined at 500 °C showed the highest activity for the degradation of nitrobenzene. An approximate increase of 21% in removal efficiency was achieved for catalytic ozonation compared with the case of ozonation alone. Nitrobenzene degradation was significantly influenced by the presence of carbonate and t-butanol, which confirmed that TiO2/Silica-gel catalyzed ozonation followed a radical-type mechanism. Kinetic study demonstrated that catalytic ozonation is pseudo–first-order with no respect to the initial nitrobenzene concentration. The effect of catalyst dosage and pH on the oxidation efficiency of nitrobenzene was also investigated. Catalyst dosage exerted a positive influence on nitrobenzene removal, and nitrobenzene degraded more completely under neutral or basic conditions. Finally, the catalyst stability was tested through repeated experiments. 相似文献
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F. Delanoë B. Acedo N. Karpel Vel Leitner B. Legube 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2001,29(4):23-325
Two Ru/CeO2 catalysts were used for the study of the catalytic ozonation of aqueous solutions of succinic acid (SA). These catalysts were prepared either by impregnation (I) or by acid exchange (AE). The objectives were (1) to determine the efficiency towards the oxidation of the organic molecule in relation to the catalysts characterization, and (2) to examine the modifications of the structure induced by ozonation. For each catalyst, two experimental conditions of catalyst and succinic acid concentrations were studied. The diluted conditions ([SA]0=1 mM, weightcata=0.8 g/l) were applied for the study of the behavior of the catalysts during successive uses. The efficiency was also studied for higher initial concentrations ([SA]0=5 mM, weightcata=3.2 g/l). Under both conditions the best efficiency was obtained with the impregnated catalyst.
Transmission electronic microscopy analyses indicated that before ozonation of SA, ruthenium was distributed within the whole volume of the grain of CeO2 for the AE catalyst, and included only in an external layer for the I catalyst. The size of the particles determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) was around 3.5 nm for Ru and in the range 10–75 nm for CeO2. In most cases, the catalytic ozonation induced Ru sintering with the formation of clusters. After four successive ozonation experiments the AE catalyst efficiency was significantly decreased and the structure totally disorganized. 相似文献