Effect of pressure on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-based alloy prepared by squeeze casting

A new high-strength aluminum alloy with better fluidity than that of ZL205A was developed. The effect of applied pressure during squeeze casting on microstructures and properties of the alloy was studied. The results show that the fluidity of the alloy is 16% and 21% higher than that of ZL205A at the pouring temperature of 993 K and 1 013 K, respectively. Compared with permanent-mold casting, mechanical properties of the alloy prepared by squeeze casting are much higher. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy are 520 MPa and 7.9% in squeeze casting under an applied pressure of 75 MPa, followed by solution treatment at 763 K for 1 h and at 773 K for 8 h, quenching in water at normal temperature and aging at 463 K for 5 h. The improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the remarkable decreasing of the secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) and eliminating of micro-porosity in the alloy caused by applied pressure.     

挤压铸造Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn-0.5Fe合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用拉伸性能测试、定量金相分析、扫描电镜等手段研究挤压铸造Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn-0.5Fe合金的显微组织和力学性能,分析挤压压力对合金的力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明:当挤压压力从0增大到75 MPa时,合金的抗拉强度(σb)和伸长率(δ)都显著增加。当挤压压力为75 MPa时,铸态合金的抗拉强度为298 MPa,伸长率达17.6%;经T5热处理后,合金的抗拉强度为395 MPa,伸长率为14.2%。当挤压压力从0增大到75 MPa时,α(Al)二次枝晶间距减小了69%,θ相(Al2Cu)和富Fe相的体积分数略有降低,针状β-Fe相消失,同时晶界处汉字状α-Fe相由连续的汉字状变成分散、细小的骨骼状。     

挤压铸造压力对Mg-Al-Ca镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、显微硬度计及拉伸试验机对不同压力挤压铸造Mg-Al-Ca合金的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明,提高压力降低了挤压铸造合金中第二相的比例及其孔隙率。在30 MPa以下,随着压力的提高,合金的伸长率、抗拉强度、显微硬度和屈服强度均逐渐提高,在高压下挤压铸造合金的韧性较佳。     

挤压铸造制备半固态AZ61镁合金的组织演变及力学性能(英文)

采用挤压铸造后直接二次重熔的方法制备半固态AZ61镁合金。首先通过挤压铸造预成形铸态AZ61镁合金,以获得细小的枝晶;然后在半固态区间进行二次重熔,细小的枝晶演变成球状晶,完全球化的晶粒被液相均匀包裹。研究结果表明:通过挤压铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金与传统铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金相比,在相同的二次重熔条件下,挤压铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金获得更细小的半固态组织。此外,挤压铸造加上二次重熔触变成形的AZ61镁合金,力学性能优于传统铸造后二次重熔触变成形的AZ61镁合金。     

Effect of specific pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of squeeze casting ZA27 alloy

The effect of specific pressure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA27 squeezed castings with high height-to-thickness ratio was studied. The results of DTA and SEM show that at high specific pressure the eutectic reaction of squeeze casting ZA27 alloy is restrained, and the final solidified structure is (η+ε) phases instead of eutectic phase (β+η+ε). At the same time, the primary reaction is promoted in squeeze casting ZA27 alloy solidified at high pressure, and the fine microstructure is obtained with the increase of pressure. Al and Cu elements are homogeneously distributed in matrix of squeeze casting ZA27 alloy. The homogenously distributed high-density fine ε phase can effectively hinder dislocation motion, and then the strength and plasticity of squeeze casting ZA27 alloy are increased.     

Mn含量对挤压铸造Al-5.0Cu-0.5Fe合金显微组织和力学性能的影响(英文)

采用拉伸性能测试、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和定量金相测试手段研究Mn含量对不同压力下挤压铸造Al-5.0Cu-0.5Fe合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当挤压压力为0MPa,Mn/Fe质量比达到1.6时才能将针状β-Fe相(Al7Cu2Fe)完全转变成汉字状α-Fe相(Al15(FeMn)3(CuSi)2)。而对于挤压铸造,当挤压压力为75MPa时,在Mn/Fe质量比为0.8时就可以将β-Fe相完全转变成α-Fe相。挤压铸造合金中需要的Mn含量较低,即Mn/Fe质量比较小,这主要是由于在挤压压力下富Fe相的细化以及相比例的减少。然而,加入过量的Mn将导致合金力学性能的下降,这是因为过量的Mn将导致α-Fe相的增多及这些多余的硬脆相导致的孔洞增多。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy prepared by lost foam casting

The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy prepared by lost foam casting(LFC) and various heat treatments have been investigated. The microstructure of the AZ91 alloy via LFC consists of dominant α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 as well as a new phase Al32 Mn25 with size of about 5-50μm, which has not been detected in AZ91 alloy prepared by other casting processes. The tests demonstrate that the as-cast mechanical properties are higher than those of sand gravity casting because of chilling and cushioning effect of foam pattern during the mould filling. The solution kinetics and the aging processes at different temperatures were also investigated by hardness and electrical resistivity measurements. The kinetics of aging are faster at the high temperature due to enhanced diffusion of atoms in the matrix, so the hardness peak at 380℃ occurs after 10 h; while at the lower aging temperature(150℃), the peak is not reached in the time(24 h) considered.     

工艺参数和热处理对挤压铸造AZ91D力学性能的影响

通过试验研究了工艺参数和热处理对挤压铸造AZ91D合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:合理的工艺参数使AZ91D合金在普通冷室压铸机条件下可以获得良好的力学性能。且经固溶处理后其抗拉强度、硬度和伸长率都会提高,而经固溶时效处理后抗拉强度和硬度会进一步提高,但伸长率有所下降。     

Semi-solid squeeze casting process of a ZL109 alloy

The structure evolution of the ZL109 alloy in the process of semi-solid squeeze casting and the mechanical properties of the components were investigated. The results show that (1) the eutectic silicon phase in original billets is refined in the low super-heat casting process; (2) the eutectic structure in billets starts to fuse and the crystals of the eutectic silicon phase are refined further and sphericized in the remelting process of billets; (3) in the semi-solid ,squeeze casting process, the sphericity of the α phase and the refining of the silicon phase occur, owing to the friction between solid and liquid; (4) in the process of heat treatment, the eutectic α phase aggregates with the primary α phase and the eutectic silicon pieces aggregate together. The elongation of the semi-solid component after heat treatment rises to 1.42%.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of semi-solid squeeze casting ZL104 connecting rod

Semi-solid squeeze casting (SSSC) and liquid squeeze casting (LSC) processes were used to fabricate a ZL104 connecting rod, and the influences of the process parameters on the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. Results showed that the tensile strength and elongation of the SSSC-fabricated rod were improved by 22% and 17%, respectively, compared with those of the LSC-fabricated rod. For SSSC, the average particle size (APS) and the shape factor (SF) increased with the increase of re-melting temperature (T_r), whereas the tensile strength and elongation increased first and then decreased. The APS increased with increasing the mold temperature (T_m), whereas the SF increased initially and then decreased, which caused the tensile strength and elongation to increase initially and then decrease. The APS decreased and the SF increased as squeezing pressure (p_s) increased, and the mechanical properties were enhanced. Moreover, the optimal T_r, p_s and T_m are 848 K, 100 MPa and 523 K, respectively.     

挤压铸造准晶增强AZ91D镁基复合材料组织与性能

为了改善AZ91D镁合金的性能,采用挤压铸造法制备了Mg-Zn-Y准晶中间合金增强AZ91D镁基复合材料,研究了准晶中间合金含量对复合材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明挤压铸造工艺可以有效细化晶粒,复合材料的显微组织主要由α-Mg基体、晶界上分布的β-Mg17Al12相以及Mg3Zn6Y准晶颗粒组成,准晶颗粒和α-Mg基体之间形成稳定结合。当准晶中间合金含量为5%时,抗拉强度和断后伸长率达到最大值,分别为194.3MPa和9.2%。复合材料的强化机制为细晶强化和准晶颗粒强化。     

机械振动对消失模铸造镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究机械振动对消失模铸造AZ91合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,并分析凝固过程中机械振动细化晶粒的机制。结果表明:机械振动能显著地细化消失模铸造AZ91合金的组织,合金组织由α-Mg固溶体、沉淀Mg17Al12和新相Al13Mn12组成,其铝锰相有别于不施加振动时的Al32Mn25相;机械振动较大幅度改善了合金的力学性能,当激振力为1.5kN时,AZ91合金抗拉强度相对于不振动时提高27%,其合金力学性能最优;而当激振力进一步增加时,由于组织中存在着微观缩松,强度有所降低。机械振动法通过增大过冷度、剪切力碎化枝晶和使枝晶臂熔断来细化晶粒。     

预时效对A357合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了低温预时效对含钪A357合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,较理想的合金预时效工艺为120 ℃×4~6 h;120 ℃×4 h+175 ℃×5 h双级时效工艺使合金抗拉强度增至362 MPa,伸长率增至6%,分别较单级时效提高4.6%和7.1%。低温预时效能促进细密、弥散GP区的形成,有利于二次时效获得高密度、弥散分布的细小强化相Mg₂Si,从而提高合金力学性能。     

半固态挤压铸造铜合金组织和力学性能研究

以半固态ZCuSn10P1铜合金为研究对象,自主设计了1套1模4件挤压模具并进行了半固态挤压铸造成形实验,研究了成形比压和挤压速率对半固态ZCuSn10P1铜合金挤压铸造组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明:当成形比压由180 MPa增加到250 MPa时,半固态铜合金平均晶粒直径逐渐减小,由89.25μm减小至77.96μm,液相率由36.7%减少至22.3%,抗拉强度由318 MPa增加至387 MPa,提高了21.70%,延伸率由4.2%降至2.8%;当挤压速率由11 mm/s增加至15 mm/s时,固相晶粒圆整度由1.54减小至1.32,此时抗拉强度由368 MPa增加至387 MPa,提高了5.16%,延伸率由3.3%降低至2.8%。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6A1-4RE-0.4Mn alloy

Mg-6Al--4RE-0.4Mn （mass fraction, %, RE=Ce rich mischmetal） alloy was prepared by steel mould casting technique. Solid solution and artificial aging （T6） were carried out. The microstructure and mechanical properties of both as-cast and T6 treated alloys were investigated at room temperature and 423 K. It is found that the intermetallic compounds of the as-cast and T6 treated alloys were mainly composed of Al11RE3, Mg17Al12 and Al6REMn6. The Vickers hardness （Hv） of the as-cast alloy is 63 and it increases to 70 after T6 heat treatment. T6 heat treatment plays a slight role in the tensile properties at room temperature, but the yield strength and elongation of T6 state at 423 K are distinctly improved. The yield strength and elongation of the as-cast alloy at 423 K are 71 MPa and 18%, respectively, and the values increase after T6 heat treatment, which is attributed to Al11RE3, Mg17Al12 and Al6REMn6 precipitates that impede the dislocation movement and gliding of grain boundaries effectively.     

均匀化处理对AZ91镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

为改善铸态AZ91镁合金的力学性能和成形加工性能,对铁模铸造试样进行了均匀化退火处理,退火温度范围为350—450℃,退火时间范围为5—24h．均匀化退火后Mg17Al12相呈细小的颗粒状分布在α-Mg基体上,枝晶偏析大部分得到消除．力学性能实验结果表明,铸态AZ91镁合金的抗拉强度约为163MPa,延伸率为3．2％;经过380℃,15h均匀化退火,可获得最高延伸率达11．2％,抗拉强度243MPa;经过420℃,5h均匀化退火,可获得最高强度达246MPa,延伸率达10％．     

A high-Nb TiAl alloy with highly refined microstructure and excellent mechanical properties fabricated by electromagnetic continuous casting

In the present research, microstructure refinement of a high-Nb TiAl alloy(Ti-48Al-8Nb-0.15B) was realized by means of the electromagnetic continuous casting(EMCC) technique. The microstructure of an ingot obtained by EMCC was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). As compared with the raw as-cast al oy, the obtained EMCC alloy presented a much finer microstructure with lamellar colonies with a mean size of about 50-70 μm because the electromagnetic stirring broke initial dendrites and enhanced the heterogeneous nucleation. As the grains were refined, the properties of the TiAl alloy were improved significantly. This implies that the EMCC technique could offer the possibility of application for high-Nb TiAl alloys with a refined microstructure and excel ent properties to be used as a structural material.     

电磁连铸对AZ31镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

通过电磁连铸和普通连铸方法对AZ31镁合金进行连铸实验,对比分析有、无电磁场作用下的铸坯凝固宏观、微观组织和力学性能,并利用扫描电镜分析镁合金的断裂机理。结果表明:当表观直流电流为40~50 A时获得最佳磁场分布,此时电磁连铸的镁合金组织细小、均匀,树枝晶呈破碎状,其力学性能尤其是塑性变形能力显著提高,常温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率较普通连铸分别提高17%,50%和81%,断口形貌显示其断裂具有韧性断裂的特性。     

Cu含量对压铸铝硅合金组织和性能的影响

为研究Cu含量对压铸铝硅合金组织和性能的影响,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察了显微组织形貌,并进行了相成分分析。结果表明：A356合金压铸组织中主要是条片状的Si相,添加Cu后,合金中出现Al2Cu相,该相分布在Si相四周及晶界上;随着Cu含量的升高,Si相由条片状变为团聚的骨骼状,除主要强化相Al2Cu相以外,还生成了强化相W相(AlxMg5Si4Cu4);向压铸合金中添加Cu后,合金强度得到了较明显提升,但Cu过高会明显降低合金的塑性。     

预变形对2519铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过拉伸测试、显微硬度测试、透射电镜及扫描电镜分析等手段研究了预变形对2519铝合金组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:预变形降低了合金于180℃时效第一阶段的硬化效果,提高了合金峰值硬度及强度,缩短了峰值时效时间.预变形合金强度、硬度的提高是由于θ′相的数目增加和尺寸减小.细小弥散的θ′相有利于阻碍位错的运动,提高了合金的强度,同时也降低了合金的塑性.综合考虑合金的强度和塑性,2519铝合金时效前的预变形以15%为宜.