Dynamic recrystallization and texture development during hot deformation of magnesium alloy AZ31

The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) and texture development, taking place during hot deformation of magnesium alloy AZ31 with a strong wire texture, were studied in compression at 673 K (0.73 Tm). Two kinds of samples were machined parallelly to the extruded and transverse directions of Mg alloy rods. New fine grains are evolved at original grain boundaries corrugated at low strains and develop rapidly in the medium range of strain, finally leading to a roughly full evolution of equiaxial fine grains. Kink bands are evolved at grain boundaries corrugated and also frequently in grain interiors at low strains. The boundary misorientations of kink band increase rapidly with increasing strain and approach a saturation value in high strain. The average size of the regions fragmented by kink band is almost the same as that of new grains evolved in high strain. These characteristics of new grain evolution process are not changed by the orientation of the samples, while the flow behaviors clearly depend on it. It is concluded that new grain evolution can be controlled by a deformation-induced continuous reaction, i.e. continuous dynamic recrystallization(DRX). The latter is discussed by comparing with conventional, i.e. discontinuous DRX.     

Static recrystallization behavior of hot-deformed magnesium alloy AZ31 during isothermal annealing

The static recrystallization of hot-deformed magnesium alloy AZ31 during isothermal annealing was studied at temperature of 503 K by optical and SEM/EBSD metallographic observation. The grain size change during isothermal annealing is categorized into three regions, i.e. an incubation period for grain growth, rapid grain coarsening, and normal grain growth. The number of fine grains per unit area, however, decreases remarkably even in incubation period. This leads to grain coarsening taking place continuously in the whole period of annealing. In contrast, the deformation texture scarcely changes even after full annealing at high temperatures. It is concluded that the annealing processes operating in hot-deformed magnesium alloy with continuous dynamic recrystallized grain structures can be mainly controlled by grain coarsening without texture change, that is, continuous static recrystallization.     

Equal channel angular deformation process and its neuro-simulation for fine-grained magnesium alloy

Fine-grained structure of as-cast magnesium AM60 alloy was obtained by means of equal channel angular deformation(ECAD) technique. Through analyzing the relationship between the load and the displacement under dif-ferent working conditions, it is demonstrated that employment of back-pressure, multi-passages of deformation, and speed of deformation are the main factors representing ECAD working condition. As for ECAD process, a network composed of nonlinear neuro-element based on error back-propagation learning algorithm is launched to set up a pro-cessing mapping module for dynamic forecasting of load summit under different working conditions. The experimen-tal results show that back-pressure, multi-passages and deforming speed have strong correlation with ECAD pro-cessing characteristics. On the metallographs of AM60 alloy after multi-passes ECAD, a morphology that inter-me-tallic compound Mg17TAl12 precipites on magnesium matrix without discrepancy, which evolves from coarse casting ingot microstructure, is observed. And the grains are refined significantly under accumulated severe shear strain.The study demonstrates feasibility of ECAD by using as-cast magnesium alloy directly, and launches an intelligent neuro-simulation module for quantitative analysis of its process.     

AZ31镁合金热压缩过程中晶粒取向和织构的演变

利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)取向成像技术分析AZ31铸态镁合金在不同温度和真应变下热压缩的晶粒取向和织构特点,从晶粒取向和织构角度分析不同温度下其动态再结晶(DRX)的类型。结果表明:在热压缩过程中,350℃时,AZ31铸态镁合金表现为连续动态再结晶(CDRX)特征,新晶粒取向与基体相似,具有较强的{0002}基面织构,以基面滑移为主;500℃时,为旋转动态再结晶(RDRX)特征,真应变为0.5时,新晶粒取向与基体偏转成一定角度,具有两种主要的基面织构,由于动态再结晶的定向形核、择优核心长大和旋转动态再结晶造成这两种基面织构弱于350℃时的{0002}基面织构;且随着真应变的增加,其中一种织构由于滑移系的改变而逐渐消失。     

镍基690合金的动态再结晶行为研究

通过热物理模拟实验研究了690合金在热变形过程中的再结晶行为,使用定量金相的方法建立了690合金的再结晶图。结果表明:热变形过程中690合金发生明显的动态再结晶行为,变形参数对690合金热变形后的显微组织具有重要影响;应变速率为1s-1是非常重要的应变速率临界点,在该临界点进行热变形时动态再结晶程度最小;所建立的再结晶图能够对690合金的热加工成形工艺参数的制定提供重要依据。     

工业态AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形行为

研究了工业态AZ31镁合金在温度 6 2 3～ 72 3K和应变速率 1× 10 -5～ 1× 10 -3 s-1范围内的超塑性变形行为。结果表明 ,工业态AZ31镁合金表现出良好的超塑性 ,其最高断裂延伸率达到 314%,应变速率敏感指数达 0 .4。显微组织观察和断口分析表明 ,工业态AZ31镁合金超塑变形主要由晶界滑动机制所控制 ,同时 ,动态再结晶也是合金超塑变形的一种协同机制。     

铸态AZ61镁合金热压缩变形组织变化

利用Gleeble-1500对铸态AZ61镁合金在变形温度200~500℃,应变速率0.001~1s-1的条件下进行压缩变形;利用显微结构分析和硬度测试等研究不同变形条件下AZ61镁合金的组织和性能,引用Z值(Zener-Hollomon系数)研究温度和应变速率对AZ61镁合金组织的影响,建立再结晶晶粒尺寸与Z值之间的关系。结果表明:铸态AZ61镁合金在热变形时表现出动态再结晶特征,随温度上升,再结晶容易发生且峰值应力降低,再结晶晶粒尺寸随温度升高而增大;随应变速率上升,峰值应力增大且峰值应力对应的应变量增大,再结晶晶粒尺寸减小;硬度大小的变化也与动态再结晶密切相关。     

Superplasticity in fine-grained AZ61 magnesium alloy

The effect of grain refinement on the superplasticity of ingot-processed magnesium alloy was investigated. From the AZ61 material with a linear intercept grain size of 5 μrn, which was obtained by the multi-rolling process at an elevated temperature, tensile elongation over 400% could be achieved at 10^-3s^-1 at 400°C with a maximum value of 560% at 2x10^-4s^-1 at the same temperature. It was found that grain boundary diffusion controlled grain boundary sliding and pipe diffusion controlled slip creep govern the plastic flow at low and high strain rate ranges, respectively. A deformation map for pure magnesium was constructed to examine the effect of grain size and flow stress on deformation behavior at elevated temperature. The superplastic formability of Mg alloys was demonstrated by forming an AZ61 sheet into a hemi-sphere.     

退火工艺对AZ31镁合金组织及耐磨性能的影响

通过对AZ31镁合金采用不同的退火工艺,利用金相显微镜观察、摩擦磨损试验,研究了不同退火工艺对AZ31镁合金显微组织和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,最佳的退火工艺为280 ℃×80 min。此条件下会形成再结晶组织,使晶粒细化,从而改善耐磨性,材料的耐磨性与前工艺相比,有明显提高。     

ZK60镁合金热变形过程中的动态再结晶动力学

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对ZK60镁合金在温度为200～400℃、应变速率为0.001～10s-1、最大变形量为60%的条件下进行恒应变速率高温压缩实验,研究高温变形过程中合金的动态再结晶行为;采用EM模型描述合金的动态回复曲线,以此为基础,得出ZK60合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶动力学Avrami方程.利用有限元模拟合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶.结果表明ZK60合金热压缩过程中由于存在动态再结晶的软化作用,流变应力达到峰值后逐渐减小,并最终达到稳态;随着变形量的增加和变形温度的升高,动态再结晶体积分数增加,合金变形更加均匀;随着应变速率的增加,动态再结晶分数有所减小,且.变形也更不均匀.     

变形AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机，对AZ31镁合金在300～450℃以及应变速率为0．1和1.0s^-1条件下进行了热压缩。发现在热压缩变形过程中发生了动态再结晶，其动态再结晶平均晶粒尺寸(d)的自然对数与ZenerHollomon参数(Z)的自然对数成线性关系。再利用d与Z的关系，通过较低的热挤压温度(300～350℃)，获得了动态再结晶晶粒直径在10～20μm之内的镁合金管材。     

Dynamic recrystallization of AZ91 magnesium alloy during compression deformation at elevated temperature

High temperature compressive tests of AZ91 Mg alloy were carried out at 573 - 723 K and strain rates of 0. 001 - 1 s^-1 . The microstructures of as-compressed samples were observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the microhardness was also tested. It is shown that with the increase of temperature or the decrease of strain rate, the flow stress decreases, at the same time the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of the alloy is more noticeable. The microstructures reveal that continuous dynamic recrystallization, which develops through conversion of low-angle grain boundaries into high-angle boundaries, occurs preferentially at the grain boundary.     

AZ31镁合金挤出板降温热轧的组织和织构的演变

研究AZ31镁合金挤出板坯在降温热轧过程中的组织和织构的演变规律.结果表明:退火前滑移和孪生是主要的变形机制和取向硬化机制;退火后长条晶的滑移和细小等轴晶晶界扩散迁移的共同作用成为主要的变形机制;随着压下量的增大,析出物开始破碎和分散,压下量在70%～80%之间时,基面织构组分的取向密度存在突变最大值,形成硬取向较强的{0001}基面织构,软化退火能大幅减弱硬取向;通过一道67%大压下量和一次软化退火可顺利地将AZ31镁合金轧制成厚0.5 mm的薄板.     

Grain growth in AZ31 alloy after uniaxial compression

The grain growth morphology,kinetics and texture change after uniaxial compression at 430 ℃ of an extruded AZ31 alloy were studied.The samples were loaded following two routes insuring two initial textures of the samples with compression direction parallel and normal to the extrusion direction.For both initial textures,a stable grain size is attained upon isothermal annealing and the grain growth kinetics can be described by:dn= dRn+kt with an n value of around 15.The annealing texture with grown grains is a retained hot deformation texture without emerging or strengthening other components.Abnormal grain growth is not observed for annealing time up to 10 000 h at 450℃.     

Flow stress and microstructural evolution in as rolled AZ91 alloy during hot deformation

1　INTRODUCTIONMgalloysarethelightestconstructionmaterialsformanyengineeringcomponentsduetotheirlowdensity ,higherductilityandsuitablestrength[13] .However ,Mgalloyshavepoorformabilityandlimit edductilityatroomtemperaturebecauseofitsHCPstructure[4 ] .Therefore ,itisrequiredforMgalloystobedeformedatwarmtemperature(>4 98K ) [5] ,es peciallyatelevatedtemperature ,whenprismaticslipisactivatedsothattheformalityofMgalloyscanbeimprovedintermsofhighductilityandmakesiteasytosimplifythedesignandm…     

双辊铸轧-热轧镁合金组织的试验研究

研究了双辊铸轧及热轧镁合金薄带的生产工艺,利用铸轧坯直接进行热轧,研究轧制工艺参数及轧后冷却条件对镁合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,350℃轧制时,其变形组织再结晶程度、晶粒细化和均匀化程度最好。随着压下率的增大,镁合金的晶粒明显地细化,组织变得更加均匀。空冷条件下的镁合金组织比淬火条件下的组织更均匀,晶粒的等轴化效果也比较明显。     

坯料细化处理对AZ31镁合金挤压组织的影响

对超声细化和未细化的AZ31镁合金棒料进行均匀化退火后热挤压,并对热挤压后的组织和硬度进行了对比分析。结果表明,与未经过晶粒细化处理棒料的热挤压组织相比,预先经过晶粒细化处理的AZ31镁合金棒热挤压组织更加均匀。当挤压比λ为16、挤压料温度为380℃、挤压速度为0.9 m/min时,组织发生回复再结晶。与未经晶粒细化处理棒料的挤压组织相比,经过晶粒细化处理的挤压组织更加细小;挤压速度增加到10 m/min时,经过晶粒细化处理后的AZ31镁合金挤压变形后棒料边缘容易发生二次再结晶现象,形成一条宽约75μm的粗晶组织,边缘附近区域组织中有孪晶形成。同时,经过晶粒细化处理后的AZ31镁合金挤压棒的硬度较高。     

电场作用下AZ31镁合金的组织与织构的演变

利用X射线衍射技术（ODF分析）并结合透射电子显微镜观察（TEM）,研究了电场对A23l镁合金回复和再结晶的组织演变的影响,织构形成和发展的过程。结果表明：电场对镁合金回复和再结晶的作用不明显,使再结晶后的组织趋于均匀。再结晶织构的强度趋于一致。     

Effect of hot plastic deformation on microstructure and mechanical property of Mg-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy

Hot plastic deformation was conducted using a new solid die on a Mg-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy. The results of microstructural examination through OM and TEM show that the grain size is greatly refined from 45 μ to 1.1 μm with uniform distribution due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The grain refinement and high angle grain boundary formation improve the mechanical properties through tensile testing with the strain rate of 1.0× 10^-4 S^-1 at room temperature and Vickers microhardness testing. The maximum values of tensile strength, elongation and Vickers microhardness are increased to 256.37 MPa, 17.69% and HV57.60, which are 21.36%, 133.80% and 20.50% more than those of the as-received Mg-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy, respectively. The SEM morphologies of tensile fractured surface indicate that the density and size of ductile dimples rise with accumulative strain increasing. The mechanism of microstructural evolution and the relationship between microstructure and mechanical property of Mg-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy processed by this solid die were also analyzed.     

脉冲电流轧制对AZ31镁合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

对比研究脉冲电流轧制工艺与温轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材的力学性能、织构、微观组织与沉淀相等方面的影响。结果表明：脉冲电流具有促进冷轧AZ31镁合金低温再结晶能力的作用。脉冲电流轧制后的镁合金板材组织由细小的等轴再结晶粒与析出相构成,没有发现孪晶组织,并且完全再结晶,原始晶粒均被细小的再结晶晶粒取代,再结晶晶粒内的位错密度低。而温轧镁合金组织则由稍拉长变形孪晶、粗大的再结晶晶粒和析出相构成,再结晶的晶粒内位错密度高。两种轧制方式下的镁合金析出相均为Mg17Al12。脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的织构具有典型基面织构的特征,而脉冲电流轧制镁合金的织构则出现横向偏转;脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的屈服强度与伸长率均比温轧镁合金的大,但抗拉强度正好相反。