实现大规模定制的柔性分析

为满足客户化和全球竞争的需求,企业需要实现大规模定制。然而,大规模定制的实现需要进行制造过程重组——一项有风险的任务。柔性是先进制造系统的重要特征,对于大规模定制来说尤其如此。基于系统的柔性分析,提出了一种为实现大规模定制的制造过程重组的方法,并通过一个简单的案例来说明方法的应用。     

大批量定制实现的方法和策略

介绍了大批量定制生产模式的概念和关键技术,阐述了大批量定制的适用性,认为大批量定制将与其它生产模式长期共存,并且随着经济的发展、社会的进步、以及网络技术的发展,大批量定制的客户数量、涉及领域都会不断的增加。讨论了企业实现大批量定制要解决的若干问题,提出了相应的方法和策略。     

Dissimilarity Maximization Method for Real-time Routing of Parts in Random Flexible Manufacturing Systems

This paper presents a dissimilarity maximization method (DMM) for real-time routing selection and compares it via simulation with typical priority rules commonly used in scheduling and control of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). DMM aims to reduce the congestion in the system by selecting a routing for each part among its alternative routings such that the overall dissimilarity among the selected routings is maximized. In order to evaluate the performance of DMM, a random FMS, where the product mix is not known prior to production and off-line scheduling is not possible, is selected for the simulation study. A software environment that consists of a computer simulation model, which mimics a physical system, a C++ module, and a linear program solver is used to implement the DMM concept. In addition to DMM, the simulation study uses two priority rules for routing (i.e., machine) selection and seven priority rules for selecting parts awaiting service at machine buffers. The results show (1) DMM outperforms the other two routing selection rules on production rate regardless of the part selection rule used, and (2) its performance is highly dependent on the part selection rules it is combined with.     

汽车制造业大批量定制实施策略及关键技术

研究汽车制造业大批量定制的制造过程模型、实施策略、突破点的选择问题。针对大批量定制生产具有柔性自动化、信息化、集成化的特点,提出了汽车制造业实施大批量定制的总体构架,并深入探讨了包括大批量定制生产系统的集成技术、生产的调度与系统优化、生产过程质量保证技术研究、基于虚拟制造的生产线设计与分析支撑系统,以及快速反应大批量定制的机器人技术等关键技术问题。     

大规模定制下的客户价值分析及其在价格决策中的应用

介绍了企业的竞争模式和目前大规模定制理论研究的局限性,对传统客户价值概念进行了扩展,分析了客户价值的主要影响因素和价格驱动的动态变化特点,建立了产品的客户价值度量函数模型,提出了基于客户价值的产品价格决策方法,并在汽车产品上进行了具体应用。     

集成环境下大批量定制的产品配置设计技术及其应用

提出了大批量定制的广义需求分类与多模式需求模型，给出了大批量定制的产品模块准配置与零件相似配置方法和大批量定制的功能单元配置与优化方法，结合浙江巨人电梯有限公司电梯产品的配置设计，开发了集成环境下大批量定制的产品配置集成设计系统，得到了较好的应用。     

基于事例推理和小波网络的大规模定制产品快速成本估算方法研究

分析了大规模定制的产品结构管理和产品生产成本的构成，提出了定制产品成本估算的策略与方法，构建了基于事例推理和小波网络的成本估算模型。该模型对整体定制产品采用事例推理的方法，从事例库中检索最为相似的事例，对定制零件采用小波网络估算成本，然后对成本进行累加与调整，得到最终成本值。最后对某公司定制脚轮的实例进行了分析。     

Representing the Material Handling System in Tractable Queuing Network Models of Flexible Manufacturing Systems: A Workload Data Aggregation Approach

This paper deals with the use of queuing network (QN) models for quantitatively evaluating the impact of the material handling system (MHS) on the steady-state performance of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) at the strategic and tactical decision levels. A direct exploitation of the workload data provided by industrial experts often results in QN models that cannot be analyzed efficiently because of the prohibitive number of customer classes. In this paper, we propose a systematic data aggregation approach for deriving the aggregated characteristics of the service offered by a device of the MHS at steady state. This generic aggregation scheme explicitly captures empty trips on the device, MHS devices that have different motions depending on whether they travel empty or loaded, and enables further, consistent use of the various central server QN models appearing in the literature. The quality of the estimates provided by this automated data aggregation approach is tested on several examples, and their integration into a QN model for performance evaluation is illustrated on an FMS presented in the literature.     

Performance Modelling and Evaluation of Dynamic Tool Allocation in Flexible Manufacturing Systems using Coloured Petri Nets: An Object-Oriented Approach

Manufacturing systems are faced with ever-increasing customisation and unstable demand. The traditional hierarchical control structures for shop floor (pre-release planning, scheduling, dispatching and activity control) are often inflexible in responding to unexpected scenario changes and are thus not robust to system disturbances. In this paper, an object-oriented approach to modelling of FMS dynamic tool allocation and control under a non-hierarchical shop floor control scheme using coloured Petri nets is presented. A client–server paradigm is used in the proposed modelling method. The complete FMS model is partitioned into individual classes (machines, magazines, tool transport system, SGVs, tool storage, etc.) thereby significantly reducing the complexity of the model to a tractable size. The system performance under different tool request selection rules is also evaluated using coloured Petri net simulation. The proposed method can provide the designer of a tool management system with a high-level and structured representation of the tool-sharing control. It also provides an effective method for prototyping and evaluating performance of object-oriented shop floor control software.