Water Modeling of a Swirling Flow Tundish for Steel Continuous Casting

 A conventional turbulence inhibitor is compared with a swirling chamber from the points of view of fluid flow and removal rate of inclusion in the tundish. Comparing the RTD curves, inclusion removals, and the streamlines in water model experiments, it can be found that the tundish equipped with a swirling chamber has a great effect on improving the flow field, and the floatation rate of inclusion is higher than the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. Because of the introduction of the swirling chamber, the flow field and inclusion removal in a two-strand swirling flow tundish is asymmetrical. Rotating the inlet direction of swirling chamber 60 degree is a good strategy to improve the asymmetrical flow field.     

Aggregation Kinetics of Inclusions in Swirling Flow Tundish for Continuous Casting

 The mechanism of inclusion aggregation in liquid steel in swirling flow tundish is analyzed by applying the theory of flocculation which was developed in the field of colloid engineering. The gas bridge forces due to the micro bubbles on hydrophobic inclusion surfaces were considered responsible for the inclusion collision and agglomeration, which can avoid the aggregation to breakup. The quantity of micro bubbles on hydrophobic inclusion particle is more than that on hydrophilic one. The trend of forming gas bridges between micro bubbles on particles is strong in the course of collision. The liquid film on hydrophobic particles is easy to break during collision process. Hydrophobic particles are liable to aggregate in collision. According to the analysis of forces on a non-metallic inclusion particle in swirling chamber, the chance of inclusion collision and aggregation can be improved by the centripetal force. Hydrophobic particles in water are liable to aggregate in collision. Hydrophilic particles in water are dispersed although collision happens. The wettabiliy can be changed by changing solid-liquid interface tension. The non-metallic inclusion removal in swirling flow tundish is studied. It shows that, under certain turbulent conditions, the particle concentration and the wettability between particles and liquid steel are the main factors to induce collision and aggregation.     

Upward Molten Flow for Optimization of Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting Tundish

Fluid flow pattern and buoyancy force support the motion of nonmetallic inclusions toward the tundish slag. Upward molten flow was investigated. To understand the fundamentals of the process, physical modelling was carried out with the utilization of a 1∶4 scale model. Numerical modelling was carried out in line with the physical modelling to examine details of the flow pattern and rotational effect caused by the upward flow with the commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) package environment, FLUENT. The two-equation k-ε model was used to simulate the turbulence. Multiphase fluid flow was numerically simulated by using the Volume of Fluid (VoF) method. The simulation can predict free surface waves and other phenomena, which can be used to optimize these important metallurgical operations.     

连铸中间包内钢液流动特性分析模型的研究进展

介绍了中间包内钢液流动特性分析模型的研究进展,针对中间包内钢液的去夹杂流动特性,论述了典型的单、多流中间包去夹杂流动特性分析模型,并通过对比分析找出了较优的单、多流中间包去夹杂流动特性分析模型。对于多流中间包内钢液的流动特性,不仅要考虑非金属夹杂物的去除,还要考虑多流中间包内各流流动特性的一致性,对比分析了典型各流流动特性一致性分析模型的特点并找出了合适的分析模型。所找到的合理的去夹杂及各流流动特性一致性分析模型为中间包内钢液流动特性分析提供了理论依据。     

六流方坯连铸中间包结构优化水模实验

 通过六流方坯连铸中间包水模实验,研究了不同控流装置对其流动特性的影响。采用笔者提出的多流中间包流动特性分析模型及各流流动特性一致性的分析方法进行了定量描述。结果表明,带横墙和不带横墙的“V”型挡墙均能明显改善各流流动特性的一致性,与不带横墙的“V”型挡墙组合挡坝的数量、高度均对流动特性有影响,在较优的“V”型挡墙与挡坝组合控流装置基础上加入抑湍器后控流效果更佳。通过实验研究,提出了优化方案。     

漩流中间包中夹杂物去除效率研究

根据相似原理,模拟漩流中间包及漩流室内钢液的流动,研究了不同漩流室直径、高度对夹杂物在漩流室内向心聚集上浮的影响,验证漩流室对夹杂物的去除效果。结果表明,漩流室的引入有利于夹杂物的上浮去除,夹杂物的上浮率平均由原来的92.35%提高到97%以上。     

六流连铸中间包结构优化的水模型实验

采用相似比为1:3的水模型,对莱钢六流连铸中间包流场进行模拟研究.研究结果表明:原型中间包内存在明显的短路流和旁路流,死区比例较大,混匀效果差,通过对挡墙结构和湍流抑制器的优化设计,使中间包流场得到明显改善.其中"V"字挡墙配改造2型湍流抑制器效果最佳,可使近水口的滞止时间增加约1倍,死区比例降低70%左右.     

衡管水平连铸中间包流场分析

根据衡阳钢管水平连铸中间包的实际情况,采用1：1．5的相似比例建立水模拟系统,对水平连铸中间包内钢液流场进行研究．得出水平连铸中间包内钢水流场与弧形连铸中间包内钢水流场的主要区别,提出了优化水平连铸中间包钢水流动的方向。     

大圆坯连铸用新型旋流水口的数值模拟

通过调整多侧孔水口侧孔射流方向来实现结晶器内钢流的旋转,并设计了一种易于加工、使用寿命长的多侧孔新型旋流水口。建立了圆坯结晶器内三维流动、传热数学模型,计算分析了直筒形水口和新型旋流水口条件下结晶器内的流场和温度场。结果表明：通过调整多孔水口侧孔射流方向可以实现结晶器内钢流的旋转,新型旋流水口能显著降低钢水的冲击深度,促进夹杂物上浮,使热中心上移,提高弯月面的温度。     

Flow Characteristics and Inclusion Removal in a Ten-strand Continuous Casting Tundish:Physical Modelling and Industrial Trials

The flow characteristics and inclusion removal in a ten-strand continuous casting tundish were investigated with physical modelling and industrial trials.The results show that,among the strands,the strand with the mini-mum dimensionless time of the first appearance of tracer at the tundish exit appears to be the worst one for inclusion removal,while the strand with the maximum dimensionless mean residence time shows the best inclusion removal efficiency.The inclusion number decreases with increasing inclusion size for all strands.The inclusion number distri-bution among strands is the same for all inclusion sizes and the descending order of inclusion number is basically con-sistent with the ascending order of dimensionless mean residence time among individual strands.However,when the strand with the minimum dimensionless time of the first appearance of tracer at the tundish exit is not the same one with the minimum dimensionless mean residence time,the former seems to be inferior to the latter for inclusion re-moval.     

板坯连铸中间包流场及传热特征模拟研究

对某钢厂现有板坯连铸中间包进行流场模拟研究。研究结果表明：原结构的中间包内钢水停留时间短,死区体积大。通过优化设计使流场得以改善,并用数学模拟的方法进行了流场及传热特征计算,验证了通过水力学模拟试验得到的优化方案的合理性。     

宣钢矩形坯连铸机中间包数学模拟研究

应用三维湍流流动的数学模型及计算机模拟技术,对宣钢矩形坯连铸机中间包进行了模拟研究。通过研究发现在不加任何挡渣板的情况下,中间包内的钢液流动形成明显的短路流;不利于钢液的混合和夹杂物的上浮。中间包内加设挡渣板能够有效地防止短路流,有利于钢液的混合和夹杂物的去除。     

六流矩形坯连铸中间包结构优化的水模型研究

通过六流矩形坯连铸中间包的水模试验,研究了不同控流装置对其流动特性的影响。研究结果表明,稳流器和多孔挡墙能明显改善各流流动特性的一致性,在此基础上加设方形孔挡墙能有效减小死区体积。合理的中间包组合控流装置为稳流器＋多孔挡墙＋方形孔挡墙。     

连铸中间包内钢水夹杂物运动行为的数学模拟

在连铸中间包中钢水流动、混合及停留状况仿真计算的基础上，通过对中间包钢水中夹杂物运动行为的数学模拟，研究了探讨了夹杂物碰撞长大、上浮排除以及被耐炎材料墙壁粘结吸附等现象。结果发现：中间包钢水中夹杂物的排除与钢水平均停留时间有密切关系，其中上浮排除的夹杂物约占排除总量的90％。另外，大颗粒夹杂物比小颗粒夹杂物容易排除，而且夹杂物能够在钢水流经中间包过程中长大，但中间包钢水流动所提供的湍动条件对夹杂物长大的促进作用不充分。     

非对称大方坯连铸中间包内控流装置的对比研究

通过对5流T型非对称大方坯连铸中间包控流装置的水模研究,对比了不同控流装置对连铸中间包内流场的影响,发现结构合理的控流装置能够明显改善中间包内流体的流动特性。采用多流连铸中间包流动特性的评判方法,分析讨论各方案实验数据,得出了中间包内控流装置的优化设计方案,为中间包内控流装置的设计提供了参考。实验表明：直通孔过滤器能够更好地改善五流圆坯中间包内钢水的流动,并根据实验结果提出了最佳的过滤器结构。     

漩流中间包漩流室内流动状态的研究

分别通过以相似原理为基础,考虑弗劳德数和雷诺数相等,对漩流中间包漩流室内湍流状况的水模型实验研究,以商业软件包为基础,对建立在正交网格上的漩流室内流动进行的以k-ε双方程模型为湍流模型的数值模拟研究,得到了漩流室内的流动状态和旋转速度的分布规律,并系统地研究了漩流室直径、漩流室高度及注人流量对漩流室内的旋转速度的影响。用因次分析的方法分析了水模型和实际中间包内旋转速度之间的相似关系,得到了描述相似规律的准数Rt。为针对不同结构中间包的漩流室优化设计和开发漩流中间包技术提供了理论基础。     

连铸中间包内钢水流动的数学模型

开发了一个求解三维湍流N-S方程的计算机程序, 根据上海梅山冶金公司炼钢厂连铸中间包的结构和操作工艺参数, 建立了描述钢水流动的数学模型, 并利用该程序进行仿真计算, 分析中间包内钢水流动的合理性, 同时对中间包使用上、下挡墙后, 钢水流动状况进行分析预测, 并对中间包结构改造和操作优化提出建议。     

单流板坯连铸中间包流场的物理模拟

通过对不锈钢连铸矩形连铸中间包水模型试验,分析其结构的合理性,针对流场存在的问题,就影响流场的因素,采用正交试验的方法对中间包内部控流元件进行优化验证。结果表明,下挡墙开口大小是影响流场的最关键因素。保持中间包液面稳定,在水口插入深度180 mm,拉速1.2 m/m in的情况下,综合考虑RTD曲线与流场显示,最佳的方案为上挡墙位置375 mm、上挡墙高208 mm、上下挡墙之间距离575 mm、下挡墙高100 mm、下挡墙开口0 mm。与原型中间包对比,能够很大程度地优化中间包流场,延长平均停留时间,减小死区比例,改善短路流现象,有效地均匀钢液和促进夹杂物聚集上浮。工业试验结果表明,采用优化挡墙组合控流中间包,能够较大程度提高铸坯纯净度,降低冷轧板废品率。