轴承钢棒材超快速冷却新工艺的应用研究

 针对国内某钢厂连轧生产线上出现的网状碳化物严重析出问题,提出高温终轧后超快速冷却与缓冷相配合技术,在精轧机后安装超快速冷却器,对60 mm棒材高温终轧后超快速冷却到一定温度后缓冷,从而抑制了网状碳化物的析出,使过冷奥氏体完全发生伪共析转变而得到细片层间距的珠光体型组织-索氏体,并促进珠光体形核减小珠光体球团直径,减小C原子扩散能力细化了珠光体片层间距,得到了利于球化退火的理想组织。     

大断面轴承钢棒材超快速冷却工业化试验

针对国内某钢厂大断面轴承钢棒材连铸连轧后(棒材直径≥60 mm)先共析碳化物网状等级超标问题,通过对前期的研究工作进行归纳总结,在保证连铸连轧的基础上设置新型水冷系统并进行超快速冷却工业化试验,检验冷却到室温后棒材微观组织性能和先共析碳化物网状等级。试验结果表明:通过高温终轧后设定合理的超快速冷却工艺参数可以显著提高棒材表层以及芯部的冷却速率,抑制强碳化物形成元素的晶界处偏析。超快冷后棒材的室温微观组织均为片层珠光体。晶界处先共析碳化物的网状析出得到消除,仅在棒材芯部有少量碳化物呈弥散分布,碳化物网状等级符合行业标准。     

超快速冷却对中碳钢组织和性能的影响

利用超快速冷却装置,通过控制轧后冷却路径,对某中碳钢的显微组织和力学性能进行了系统的研究.结果表明:超快速冷却可以抑制先共析铁索体的生成,破坏原有先共析铁素体的网状分布;超快速冷却显著缩小了珠光体的片层间距;随着超快速冷却后温度的降低,实验钢的强度和室温冲击韧性同时得到了提高.高温终轧+超快速冷却工艺可以使中碳钢获得良好的力学性能,避免了低温轧制带来的轧机负荷大的弊端,提高了轧制节奏.     

控轧控冷改善GCr15钢网状碳化物

为了改善碳化物网状级别,本课题是在高温再结晶区终轧（终轧温度约950℃）后进行快速冷却,并控制终冷温度在780℃～830℃之间,试验的结论是确有明显改善。同时又从机理上给予了进一步的分析。     

大断面轴承钢控温轧制工艺与实验研究

在分析轴承钢高温奥氏体再结晶规律的基础上,提出了抑制网状碳化物的控温轧制工艺,即大断面轴承钢采用900 ℃终轧,轧后以大于3 ℃/s的冷速冷却到700～550 ℃.利用有限元技术,模拟分析了工艺的可行性.现场实验结果表明,网状碳化物级别合格率大幅提升到77.3%,效果显著.     

终轧温度对GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物析出的影响

研究了终轧温度(750～900℃)和成品规格(Φ12 mm和Φ5.5 mm)对GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物析出的影响。结果表明,当轧制规格为Φ12 mm、终轧温度为800℃时,碳化物网状级别最低,为1.5,终轧温度降至750℃时,碳化物网状级别增加至2.0;当轧制规格为Φ5.5 mm、终轧温度为850℃时,碳化物网状级别最低,为1.5,终轧温度在800℃时碳化物网状级别又升高至2.5。小规格轧材终轧温度过低,不利于网状碳化物析出的抑制,最佳终轧温度与轧制规格有关。     

终轧温度和冷却工艺对Φ36mm GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物的影响

试验研究了终轧905~930℃,空冷,终轧905~930℃,穿水返红至675~707℃,终轧845~870℃,穿水返红至661~698℃对Φ36 mm GCr15轴承钢棒材网状碳化物的影响。结果表明,轧后空冷的GCr15轴承钢棒材的网状碳化物级别较高为3级;轧后棒材经穿水后返红温度为661~707℃时,网状碳化物为1.5~2.5级,能满足冷加工用途GCr15轴承钢的要求(网状碳化物≤2.5级);低温精轧和降低终轧温度能明显改善GCr15轴承钢热轧材的网状碳化物。     

Φ35mm GCr15的冷却速度与碳化物网状关系的分析

以Φ35mm GCr15轴承钢为突破口,结合现场工艺条件,分析轴承钢冷却工艺,通过实验测定钢材空冷和快速冷却两种冷却参数,做出冷却曲线对比图,以得到合理的冷却速度,减少、终消除轧材后的网状碳化物组织。     

高碳铬轴承钢棒材轧后快速冷却工艺的研究

高碳铬轴承钢热轧后利用轧后余热进行快速冷却,对于控制网状碳化物的析出,获得理想的球化退火预备组织,缩短退火周期,提高球化退火质量是一种有效的手段。本文研究了高碳铬轴承钢轧后快冷过程中钢材内部组织的变化和表面裂纹的情况及其影响因素。为实现轴承钢轧后快速冷却工艺和装置提供技术参数。     

轴承钢GCr15棒材产品低温精轧的研究

采用国外引进的可实现低温精轧的生产线，对轴承钢GCr15棒材产品进行了低温精轧，通过低温精轧降低了网状碳化物级别，减少了球化退火时间。研究得到了低温精轧轧制GCr15时以控制网状碳化物级别为目标的轧制温度范围为750～840℃，轧后冷却温度范围为600～680℃，同时也研究得到了低温精轧轧制GCr15时以控制网状碳化物级别及减少球化退火时间为目标的轧制温度范围为750～800℃，轧后冷却温度范围为600～680℃。通过该研究网状碳化物级别达到了2级以下，球化退火时间由原18h减少到了11h。     

Effect of Ultra-fast cooling on the microstructure of large-section bars of bearing steel

 The ultra-fast cooling technology of large-section bars GCr15 bearing steel was researched connected with industry practice, the microstructure in different cooling patters were researched by optical microscopy、transmission electron microscopy and energy spectrometer, it was concluded that: the large-section bars of GCr15 bearing steel passed the zone of secondary carbide precipitation quickly through the ultra-fast cooling technology(UFC) the instantaneous cooling rate of which was about 200℃/s, the finishing cooling temperature was higher than Ms, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was thinner and thinner and the micro-hardness was bigger and bigger along with the reduction of re-reddening temperature,the precipitation of network carbide was restrained when re-reddening temperature was 690℃, and fine laminated pearlite was obtained through transformation of pseudopearlition which induced the reduction of the diamond of pearlite grain and refinement of the lamellar spacing of pearlite, ideal microstructures promoting spheroidizing annealing were obtained.     

Effect of Ultra-Fast Cooling on Microstructure of Large Section Bars of Bearing Steel

The ultra-fast cooling technology of large section bars and the microstructure for different cooling patterns were studied by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results indicated that the large section bars were passed through the zone of secondary carbide precipitation quickly by ultra-fast cooling technology (UFC) at instantaneous cooling rate of about 200 ℃/s and the finishing cooling temperature was higher than M,. The lamellar spacing of pearlite decreased and the microhardness increased with decreasing the re-reddening temperature. The precipitation of network carbide was restrained when rereddening temperature was 690 ℃. And fine laminated pearlite was obtained through transformation of pseudopearlition that induced the reduction of the diameter of pearlite grain and refinement of the lamellar spacing of pearlite, so ideal microstructures of promoting spheroidizing annealing were obtained.     

冷却速率和冷却温度对SA-210Gr.C钢中带状组织形成的影响

研究了不同冷却速率和冷却温度对热轧态SA-210Gr.C钢中铁素体、珠光体带状组织的形成规律。为了保证奥氏体向铁素体、珠光体组织转变,试样经快速冷却至一定温度,然后采取空冷的处理工艺。试验结果表明,快速冷却处理可以有效地抑制带状组织的形成,但是需要控制冷却速率以及冷却温度。虽然试样经过快速冷却处理后会形成一定量的魏氏组织,但是其冲击性能并没有显著降低。     

NM400马氏体耐磨钢静态CCT曲线

用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机测定的连续冷却膨胀曲线,得出NM400钢临界相变点Ac1 = 719.4℃,Ac3 =847.8℃,结合金相法,利用Origin软件绘制了试验钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线.结果表明,随着冷却速度增大,钢的显微硬度逐渐增大,显微组织逐渐由铁素体和珠光体过渡为贝氏体和马氏体,...     

高碳铬钢凝固及热处理组织演变规律

摘要：系统研究了高碳铬钢复合轧辊工作层材质在凝固及热处理过程的组织演变规律。利用Thermo Calc软件进行平衡相图计算，阐明了平衡凝固过程及冷却过程中碳化物析出行为。通过热膨胀仪精确测定了奥氏体化温度对合金相变点的影响，获得了珠光体等温转变动力学曲线。结合扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析，确定了热处理工艺对最终显微组织的影响，明确了凝固过程中形成的一次碳化物M7C3和二次碳化物对热处理组织的影响规律，为高碳铬钢复合轧辊工作层材料的实际热处理工艺制定提供理论依据。     

Development of athermal and isothermalε-martensite in atomized Co-Cr-Mo-C implant alloy powders

In this work, CoCr-Mo compacted powders were sintered at 900°C to 1300°C for 1 to 2 hours and conditions for total carbide dissolution in fcc cobalt were determined. Accordingly, it was found that sintering at temperatures between 900°C to 1100°C led to removal of the dendritic structure and to carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries (gbs), as well as in the bulk. Moreover, recrystallization and grain growth were always found to occur during powder sintering. At temperatures above 1100°C, no carbide precipitation occurred indicating that carbides were not stable at these temperatures. Hence, compact powders were annealed at 1150°C to promote the development of a single-phase fcc solid solution. This was followed by rapid cooling to room temperature and then aging at 800°C for 0 to 18 hours. Rapid cooling from 1150°C promoted the development of up to 64 pct athermal ε-martensite through the face-centered cubic (fcc) → hexagonal crystal structure (hcp) martensitic transformation. The athermal martensite was associated with the development of a network of parallel arrays of fine straight transgranular markings within the fcc matrix. Moreover, aging at 800°C for 15 hours led to the development of 100 pct isothermal hcp ε-martensite. From the experimental outcome, it is evident that isothermal ε-martensite is the most stable form of the hcp Co phase. Apparently, during aging at 800°C, the excess defects expected in athermal martensite are removed by thermally activated processes and by the development of isothermal ε-martensite, which has the appearance of “pearlite.”     

铝对喷射成形超高碳钢组织与性能的影响

在喷射成形快速凝固条件下,含铝超高碳钢会发生铝在渗碳体中的非平衡固溶.由于这种含铝渗碳体的不稳定性,在随后的加热中会迅速由喷射态的晶界网络形态或珠光体片层状转化为分散而细小的颗粒,从而使该材料具有很好的高温塑性和热加工性能.加铝的喷射成形超高碳钢可把碳的质量分数提高到1.8%,经一道次70%热轧后形成致密、无碳化物网络、均匀细化的组织,使屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高到1 088 MPa和1 419MPa,并仍有一定的塑性.     

热变形工艺对100Cr6轴承钢线材网状碳化物的影响

利用热膨胀仪、热模拟试验机、金相显微镜、场发射扫描电镜等测定了100Cr6轴承钢的CCT曲线,试验研究了热压缩及控轧控冷对网状碳化物析出行为的影响。结果表明：第二道次压缩温度从850℃降低至700℃时,奥氏体再结晶细化向未再结晶转变,二次碳化物逐步由晶界封闭网状向半封闭条状、短杆状再向沿拉长的奥氏体晶界链状转变,750～800℃内变形碳化物细小、分散;Φ10 mm 100Cr6线材采用910℃降至770℃温度控轧+快速冷却工艺,其热轧态、球化退火及淬回火后碳化物分布均匀性逐步提升,奥氏体晶粒由8.0级细化至10.0级,晶界碳化物由封闭网状向断续条状转变,平均厚度从0.54μm降低至0.11μm,网状级别由3.0级占比33%降低至≤2.0级占比100%,可缩短球化退火时间及提高轴承的疲劳寿命。