表面活性剂和洗涤剂

TQ 649.1 JSH 9709201关于磷化石油梭酸盐降低吸附的研究~Stody ondeereasing the adsorption of magnetized petroleumearboxylate〔刊,中〕/Hou Jirui…//石油学报一1996,(3).一71~77 研究了磷化石油梭酸盐表面活性剂前后,采用该表面活性剂在高岭土表面上表面静态吸附的变化。结果表明:在高岭土表面上磁化石油梭酸盐的吸附速北较快,而且液固比小于未磁化石油狡酸盐的液固比。虽然大大地降低了吸附等温线的最大值,但是磁化表面活性剂吸附等温线仍有最大值。可以断定已改变T吸附模式。(1997:201784)TQ 649.6 JSH 9709202磷酸醋表面活…     

石油羧酸盐表面活性剂吸附特性实验研究

根据静态吸附法研究了石油羧酸盐表面活性剂在岩心上的吸附损失，讨论了电解质浓度，离子强度及表面活性剂的一次抽提液与二次抽提液的复配对石油羧酸盐表面活性剂吸附量的影响，分析了碱／石油羧酸盐／聚合物（ＨＰＡＭ）三元复合体系中各组分的相互作用对羧酸根离子吸附的贡献。实验表明：表面活性剂的吸附量随着电解质的浓度及离子强度的增加而增大，在三元复合体系中石油羧酸盐的吸附量远远低于表面活性剂单独作用时的吸附量，三     

石油羧酸盐在高岭土上静吸附规律的实验研究

本文在实验基础上研究了石油羧酸盐表面活性剂在高岭土上的静吸附量随时间、液固比、含盐量、活性剂浓度而变化的规律，观察到了吸附最大值，对全部实验结果作了理论解释。     

复配表面活性剂对三元复合体系界面张力影响研究

研究了石油羧酸盐与不同磺酸盐的复配体系的界面活性,测定了复配表面活性剂在大庆油砂上的吸附量。结果表明,复配体系的界面活性优于单一的磺酸盐体系。将少量磺酸盐与石油羧酸盐复配,可使体系达到超低界面张力,碱度范围拓宽,初始界面张力变低。复配表面活性荆吸附过程中羧酸盐起到了牺牲剂作用,降低了磺酸盐的吸附损失,复配体系的这些特点对提高驱油效率很有利。     

醚羧酸盐及其与石油磺酸盐和碱的复配研究

本文报道醚羧酸盐表面活性剂的应用研究结果。在考察这种非离子阴离子型表面活性剂的耐温、耐盐、耐钙能力及界面张力基础上，主要研究了它与石油磺酸盐和碱的复配性能。实验研究结果表明，这种表面活性剂与石油磺酸盐复配不仅能大大改善石油磺酸盐的耐盐性能，而且不需添加低分子量的醇即能使复配体系与癸烷的界面张力达到超低，可用于高矿化度地层驱油。加入碱可进一步增强醚羧酸盐／石油磺酸盐复配体系的界面张力协同效应     

重烷基苯磺酸盐弱碱化复配应用进展

石油羧酸盐与重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂具有良好的协同作用,该复配体系在较宽的表面活性剂和弱碱浓度范围内均能形成超低的界面张力,重烷基苯磺酸盐与石油羧酸盐复配比例一般在3～4∶1。石油磺酸盐是目前应用最广泛的一类表面活性剂,在与重烷基苯磺酸盐复配中,一般复配比例为重烷基苯磺酸盐∶石油磺酸盐=1∶1或2∶1。由东北石油大学研制合成的甜菜碱型表活剂在弱碱和无碱情况下都能达到超低界面张力。     

石油羧酸盐复配体系的协同效应

不同制备方法得到的石油羧酸盐，其亲油，新水性有较大差异，利用这些差异进行复配可取得良好的协同效应；在石油羧酸盐体系中，用两种解质复配调节盐度往比用一种电解质的效果好；将烃氧化产物和石油羧酸盐活性剂复配也可产生良好的协效应，成为活性剂本身的良好助剂。     

大庆油田三元复合驱表面活性剂研究及发展方向

综述了大庆油田三元复合驱表面活性剂研究与发展的状况,介绍了石油磺酸盐、石油羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐及生物表面活性剂在大庆三元复合驱技术中的研究与应用。指出了大庆油田三元复合驱表面活性剂的研究和发展方向。     

两相滴定法在石油羧酸盐表面活性剂体系中的应用

建立了测定石油羧酸盐表面活性剂体系中非离子表面活性剂浓度的两相滴定法。对非离子表面活性剂进行了分离、富集并测定其浓度,取得了较好的效果。     

驱油用表面活性剂的研究进展

介绍了表面活性剂驱提高采收率机理,以及驱油用表面活性剂研究现状。重点介绍了改性碱木质素、石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、混合羧酸盐等油田应用最广泛的几种表面活性剂,指出表面活性剂驱面临的问题及发展趋势。     

羧酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的吸附性能研究

本文研究了自制羧酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂CGS-2的表面活性及NaCl对其表面活性的影响,并考察了液固比、吸附时间和浓度对CGS-2在砂岩表面静态吸附量的影响。结果表明,CGS-2水溶液的临界胶束浓度为0.0223 mmol/L,比普通单链表面活性剂月桂酸钠低2 3个数量级,表面张力最低可降至29.49 mN/m;适量加入NaCl可降低CGS-2溶液的临界胶束浓度。CGS-2在砂岩上的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式,液固比为30∶1、吸附时间为36 h,25℃下CGS-2的饱和吸附量为8.93 mg/g。图8表1参14     

Effect of salinity and rock type on sorption behavior of surfactants as applied in cleaning of petroleum contaminants

Surfactants are of potential importance in the development of new techniques for enhanced oil recovery as well as for remediation of petroleum contaminated soils. With surfactant washing, 95% of the petroleum contaminants can be removed. As sorption dictates the reactions between a liquid and a solid, it is a decisive factor for the success of a remediation technique and for understanding the mechanisms which dictate transport and fate characteristics of contaminants in soils. The adsorption of surfactants from solution at the solid/liquid interface is a complex and imperfectly understood phenomenon. To investigate the nature of adsorption and desorption at the solid/liquid interface, a detailed experimental study was conducted using silica sand packs and clayey sand packs. Also, over twenty numerical simulation runs were conducted to model the phenomenon of surfactant adsorption and desorption. A simulation model based on surface excess concept was developed in this study. Numerical simulation results show excellent agreement with experimental results. This study showed that both salinity and clay can increase the adsorption level of surfactants. The role of surfactant concentration was studied. A higher concentration led to earlier surfactant breakthrough.     

三元复合驱中表面活性剂的应用与发展

介绍了近年来油田三元复合驱中常用表面活性剂的应用与发展概况,尤其对石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、石油羧酸盐和a?烯烃磺酸盐的性能与改进进行了重点介绍。建议应重点开发原料广泛、活性高的表面活性剂,根据现场需要改进分子结构,对性能独特的孪连表面活性剂、氟碳烷基磺酸盐、苯烷基磺酸盐等表面活性剂予以关注,以适应油田开发的需求。     

连接基对双子表面活性剂2C_(12)H_(25)C_nAm表/界面性质的影响

通过三步反应合成出一系列不同碳原子数连接基阴离子双子表面活性剂(N,N′-双十二烷基-双羧丙酰基-烷撑二胺(2C12H25CnAm,n=2,3,4)。三种表面活性剂都具有低临界胶束浓度,且都能高效地降低表面张力。通过pC20,CMC/C20,pC30,CMC/C30参数分析了它们的吸附和胶束化行为。表面活性剂CMC值随连接基长度的增加先减小再增大,在n=3时达到最小2.17×10-5 mol/L;界面张力值随着连接基长度的增加而减小,最小可达到1.87mN/m。     

石油羧酸盐的研制及其在三次采油中的应用

介绍了以大庆原油馏分油为原料,采用液相氧化法生产石油羧酸盐的合成工艺。根据石油羧酸盐与烷基苯磺酸盐的协同效应,研究了两种国产表面活性剂的复配体系与大庆原油间的界面性能。室内研究结果表明,该复配体系能与大庆原油形成10^-3mN/m以下的超低界面张力,三元复合体系驱油效率比水驱提高20％（OOIP）左右。该项成果的应用可使三元复合驱成本降低30％以上。该项研究实现了配方的中试国产化,为在大庆油田大面积推广三元复合驱奠定了良好的理论和实践基础。     

Adsorption IV. An evaluation of polyethylene glycol as a sacrificial adsorbate towards ethoxylated sulfonates in chemical flooding

The feasibility of using polyethylene oxide (PEG) as a sacrificial adsorbate in surfactant flooding applying ethoxylated sulfonates in mixture with some of the corresponding ethoxylated alcohol, has been tested in different ways. Static adsorption of the surfactants has been performed using both quartz and kaolinite as adsorbents. Equilibrium times of 24 h showed decreased adsorption of the surfactants for both of the adsorbents. The sacrificial effect of PEG was greater for quartz than for kaolinite. PEG with an average molecular weight of 4000 was found to be most favorable. pH changes between 3.5 and 7.6 have small effects on the sacrificial behavior of PEG towards both of the adsorbents.Long-term dynamic adsorption studies in Berea cores were conducted by circulating the flooding solution through the cores. The addition of 0.3 wt% PEG, after the adsorption equilibrium of the surfactants had established, resulted in a fast desorption of the surfactant, about 30%. The desorption was only temporary, and a slow readsorption of the surfactant to the initial level occurred. A pressure build-up was also registered. PEG added to the surfactant solution from the beginning showed a very slow surfactant adsorption. Also in this case a pressure build-up over the core was observed. For a oil-containing reservoir core the sacrificial effect of PEG was negligible.The concentration of each of the adsorbates, i.e., the ethoxylated sulfonate and the ethoxylated alcohol, and the PEG was quantified, and the adsorption behavior of each of them is discussed. All the adsorption experiments were conducted using synthetic seawater at 80°C.     

混合溶液中石油羧酸盐和磺酸盐含量的测定

利用石油羧本盐与磺酸盐在不同酸碱性条件下不同的存在形式,研究并建立了石油羧酸盐－磺酸盐复配体系中两种表面活性剂含量的测定方法,即分步滴定的方法,用溴甲酚绿碱性分相滴定法测定体系中表面活性剂的总含量,用百里酚蓝－次甲基蓝酸性分相滴定法测定体系中磺酸盐的含量,从总含量中扣除磺酸盐的含量即为羧酸盐的含量。该方法操作简便,快速,可靠性强,已成功运用于室内驱油实验研究。体系中无机盐和聚合物的存在对测定结果影响不大。